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JUn BOYAL COLLEGE OF 8UReoC.J3 P.m
CATALOGUE OF THE SPECIMENS
ILLUSTRATING THE
OSTEOLOGY AND DENTITION
OF
VEETEBRATED ANIMALS,
RECENT AND EXTINCT,
CONTAINED IN
THE MUSEUM
OF
THE ROYAL COLLEGE OF SURGEONS OF ENGLAND.
BY
WILLIAM HENRY FLOWER,
CONSEBTATOR OF THE MUSEUM.
PART I.
MAN : Homo sapiens, Linn.
SECOND EDITION.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR THE COLLEGE ;
AND SOLI) BY
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LIOX COURT, FLEET STREET.
MDCCCCVIJ.
PEEFACE.
The first printed list of the Osteological Specimens contained
in the Museum was published in 1831. It soon, however,
became evident that a more complete catalogue was required ;
and at a meeting of the Museum Committee, held on the 6th of
January, 1842, Professor Owen, then Conservator of the Museum,
presented a report " On the advantages of combining the Fossil
and Recent Osteological Specimens in one Catalogue and
system of arrangement ;" and at a meeting on the 8th of
February of the same year it was resolved, in pursuance of the
authority given to the (-ommittee by the Council, that the fossil
and recent osteology be incorporated in one series, and the
Catalogue be prepared in accordance with this view.
For some motive not explained upon the Minutes, the method
of arrangement approved by the Committee and Council, and
which bad been recommended with much urgency and excellent
reasoning by the Conservator, was not carried out. The spe-
cimens continued to be divided primarily, not according to
their zoological or anatomical relations, but by a most incou-
a 2
iv
PREFACE.
A-enlent and artificial system, according as the animals from
which they were derived lived before or after a particular period
of the world's history. Hence each series was incomplete, and
required reference to the other for its perfect illustration and
comprehension.
In 1845 the ' Catalogue of Fossil Remains of Mammalia and
Aves ' appeared, in 1853 the ' Catalogue of the Osteological
Series ' (comprising only the specimens of existing species),
and in 1854 the ' Catalogue of Fossil Remains of Reptilia and
Pisces.'
The very valuable and detailed Catalogues, for which the
Museum was indebted to the assiduous labours of Professor
Owen, are, owing to the numerous additions made to the
collection, as well as to the advances in zoologicnl classification
since their publication, gradually ceasing to fulfil the present
requirements of the Museum ; and the necessity for new ones
is becoming obvious to every one engaged in studying the
collection. The desirability of returning to the resolution of
the Committee of 1842 is also continually becoming more
evident.
It is always difficult, in the cnse of a growing collection,
to fix the best time to print a Catalogue, as it is necessary
to choose between the danger, on the one hand, of incurring
much labour and expense in the production of a publication
which may before long require to be superseded, and, on the
other, of allowing the interests of the collection and of the
^^orkers in it to suffer by the condition of confusion into which
it necessarily falls when a vast quantity of new material has
PKEf ACE.
V
been incorporated into a framework not sufficiently compre-
hensive or elastic to adapt itself to its reception.
Under the circumstances, the best principle appeared to be
not to attempt, with the present greatly enlarged collection, to
give a minute description of every individual specimen, as had
pi'eviously been done, but rather to aim at making a complete
list of the contents of this department of the Museum, arranged
upon a system which should combine modern scientific views of
classification with convenience of reference and capability of ex-
tension, and to pay great attention to accuracy of nomenclature,
and especially to the preservation of every record relating to the
history and authenticity of each specimen, laying stress on all
particulars which are not to be seen in the specimen itself, rather
than on those which can at any time readily be found there. To
do this a very great amount of time has been consumed in
searching through old documents, letters, and publications,
though often with little visible result; and, notwithstanding-
all the pains taken, some specimens will be found in the
Catalogue, received into the collection in former times, the
history of which is doubtful or unknown.
That the value of the former full descriptions may be retained,
references will be given in the new Catalogue to its predecessors
in all instances of specimens mentioned in them.
As the additions to the collection have been especially
numerous among the specimens illustrating the anatomy of
Man and the higher forms of Vertebrates, it has been con-
sidered advisable to reverse the order of the last Catalogue,
and commence at the higher instead of the lower end of
■vi
TREFACE.
the series. The first portion will relate to the section of the
collection devoted to Human Osteology, including the series
of skeletons and crania of the various races of Man ; and,
for the convenience of those who make this branch of the subject
a speciality, it will be issued separately.
Eoyal College of Surgeons,
September 12, 1879.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
The descriptions and numbers o£ the specimens catalogued in
the first edition (with the exception of those of Abnormal
Conditions of the Teeth [278-287] now transferred to the
Pathological Series) have been retained unaltered, together with
the introduction, appendix, and tables. Additional specimens
whose descriptions were in manuscript have been incorporated,
to each being assigned the same number as that borne by the
preceding specimen in the first edition of ihe Catalogue with
the addition of a small number ; the skulls presented by
Sir Havelock Charles, K.C.V.O., are further distinguished
by an asterisk. The specimens purchased in 1895 from the
Anthropological Society are followed by numbers that refer
to a manuscript list received with them.
The special groups of more ancient skulls selected by
Mr. N. C. Macnamara partly from our own collection, partly
from that of Dr. Barnard Davis, and largely supplemented by
casts presented by himself, form now the first section of the
Special Osteology of Man. The numbers formerly assigned
to the specimens of Abnormal Conditions of the Teeth have
been used for these groups, the individual skulls being dis-
tinguished (as in the case of additions) by a small number
supplementary to that of the group.
C. STEWART,
Conservator,
June 2o, 1907.
INTEODUCTION TO PAET 1.
It has been thought advisable to issue the portion of the Cata-
logue containing the illustrations of Human Osteology in a
separate volame, without waiting until the remainder of the
work should be completed, as, while the study of Anthropology
is continually attracting more and more attention, the former
Catalogue has ceased to give any idea of what the Museum
contains in this department, or wherein it is deficient. The
extent to which this portion of the collection has increased in
the last few years will be appreciated by the fact that of the
1312 specimens mentioned in the present Catalogue, only 345
are to be found in the edition of 1853. Of these, 113 are part
of the original Hunterian Collection.
The first section is devoted to the General Osteology of Man,
independently of peculiarities of race, and commences with the
development of the skeleton (as far as it can be illustrated by
dried specimens), and proceeds to the osteology of adult man in
the normal condition, or showing individual variations. To
draw a satisfactory line between such variations as may be
.classed within the range of normal anatomy and those that
exceed this range and may properly be called teratological is
extremely difficult, as the distinction is a purely arbitrary one ;
but, in the case of specimens in a museum, it will usually be
X
INTRODUCTION.
determined by convenience of arrangement. Hence some speci-
mens are included in the present series which might, in a
strictly scientific classification, more properly find a place in
the department of Teratology.
On similar grounds the subjects of the second principal
division of the Catalogue, illustrating Dentition, are included
in the present series and arranged with the bones. Although
neither morphologically nor physiologically forming any part of
the osseous system, the teeth are so intimately associated with the
skeleton (part of which is adapted to their support and moulded
to their form) and are preserved by the same processes and
under the same conditions, that it is impossible in the arrange-
ment of a museum to separate one from the other.
The third and largest section is devoted to the Special
Osteology of Man, or illustrations of those variations which have
become so fixed and hereditary as to give distinctive characters
to the different groups or races of mankind.
The arrangement of these specimens is one of considerable
difficulty, partly owing to the present state of uncertainty as to
the true classification of the varieties of the human species, and
partly owing to the numerous cases that have to be dealt with of
mixed or doubtful descent. It has therefore been thought that
these difficulties will be best overcome, and a place most readily
found for every specimen, without committal to any theoretical
view of its origin or affinities, by adopting (as in Dr. Barnard
Davis's valuable ' Thesaurus Craniorum') a geographical arrange-
ment, and placing all the specimens according to the countries
of which they are presumably native. In a few obvious cases
of transplantation from one country to another inhabited by a
distinct race, this system has been departed from. For instance^
Negroes known to be of African descent but born in America
are not included among the natives of the latter continent, but
are assigned to the original home of their race.
INTRODUCTION.
xi
The boundaries of the regions adopted do not always exactly
coincide with those of political geography ; and a considerable
concession to the claims of a classification based on physical
characters has been made in the general arrangement of the
series. It will be observed that the various regions of the world
have been so grouped as to bring together those that are mainly
inhabited : — (1) by the white or Caucasian races of Blumenbach,
including the whole of Europe except the eastern frontiers of
Russia, Africa north of the Sahara, and Asia south and west of
the Himalayas ; (2) by the yellow and red Mongolian and
Mongoloid races, including the remainder of Asia, the Indo-
Malay Archipelago, Eastern Polynesia, and the whole of America;
(3) by the Australians, a race agreeing with the following section
in every thing but the character of the hair ; (4) by the frizzly-
haired or black races — beginning with the Oceanic Negroes or
Melanesians in the widest sense of the term (including the
Tasmanians, Melanesians proper, Papuans, and Negritos of the
Andaman Islands), and ending with the natives of Central and
Southern Africa, the Negroes, Kaffirs, and Hottentots.
Although the geographical arrangement has thus been made
to run in the same lines with some of the best-ascertained facts
in the zoological classification of Man, no attempt has been made
to draw the boundaries too minutely. Any serial arrangement
at the best can only be a compromise, especially in a collection so
imperfectly representing the numerous and indefinite gradations
of variation at present existing on the earth. Not only on the
frontier-line between the territories in which two different races
predominate, but far into the interior of each, mixed or even
pure specimens of other races are to be found. It must not,
therefore, be considered that any individual skull classed among
the inhabitants of a -country mainly occupied by a particular
race belongs as a matter of certainty to that race, especially
when the history and external appearance of the individual
before death may be utterly unknown. It is, however, obvious
that the larger each series becomes, the less such accidental
xii
INTRODUCTION.
intrusions will vitiate the results obtained by the system of
averages ; and hence the necessity of bringing together, in any
collection intended to advance the knowledge of physical
anthropology, far larger series than are at present available.
As regards the descriptions of the individual specimens, the
name of the donor and the date at which it was acquired are
recorded in every case in which they could be ascertained. It
is only with some of the older specimens that there has been any
uncertainty on these points. Such details are often of impor-
tance in tracing the history or establishing the authenticity of
specimens which might, perhaps, otherwise be subject of doubt.
References are always given to any published descriptions or
figures ; and the number in the former Catalogue * (0. C, i. e.
Old Catalogue or Owen's Catalogue) is given in the case of all
specimens contained tliei'ein, that the full description in it may
be referred to, for which purpose copies of that Catalogue will
be retained in the Museum.
It has not been thought advisable to give such detailed de-
scriptions in the present Catalogue, as to do so with the largely
increased number of specimens would have greatly prolonged
the preparation of the work and delayed the much-needed
succeeding volumes ; and the introduction of exact measurements
supersedes tlie necessity of the use of such comparatively vague
descriptive terms as " broad/' " high," " round/' &c. Certain
points have, however, always been noted ; to the following
explanation of which the attention of all who may consult he
Catalogue is particularly requested.
When the lower jaw is present, the specimen is described as
a " skull ;" when absent, as a "cranium." When the bones of
the face are wanting, it is called a " calvaria."
When the sex is known from certain evidence, as from the
* 'Descriptive Catalogue of the O.steolofiical Series contained in the
Museum of the IJoyal College of Surgeons of England." 2 vols. -ito. 1853.
INTRODUCTION.
xiii
history of the individual or the presence of the entire skeleton, it
is stated in full — "' male " or " female." If only inferred from
the characters of the skull, it is indicated by the signs or 9 •
When no such sign is appended, the characters are not sufficiently
distinctive to attribute it to either sex. A sign with a ? signifies
that the characters of one sex predominate, though not quite
decisively. These are points upon which other observers may
of course occasionally form different judgments from those
given in the Catalogue.
With regard to the important question of age, all skulls
in which the basilar suture is closed are regarded as adult ; and
w^here this has not taken place the circumstance is invariably
noted, such skulls being regarded as "young," and excluded
from the average measurements given in the Appendix. Up to
this period the state of dentition is always mentioned, as indi-
cating the relative development, though without attempting to
give the age in years. Although in our own race we know
tolerably well what conditions of dentition correspond to parti-
cular ages, we have little proof that it is tlie same with other
races. Of the adult skulls, also, no attempt has been made to
assign the age ; but mention is made of all cases in which senile
changes have set in.
Certain points in the condition of the sutures, to which much
attention has been directed of late, have always been noted.
These are : — metopism, or persistence of the mid-frontal suture;
the presence of interparietal or epactal bones, or unusual Wormian
bones ; and the contact of the squamosal with the frontal bone at
the pterion. When no note is to be found on any of these
points, it may be presumed that the exceptional condition does
not exist. The small supplementary ossifications at the upper
end of the alisphenoid, which may be called epipterics, being of
such great frequency, have not been noted.
All marked anomalies of dentition are recorded.
As many of the very convenient, and, indeed, indispensable.
xiv
INTRODUCTION.
terms recently introduced (chiefly by Broca) into craniology are
not yet familiar to all English anatomists, it may be convenient
to give here a short explanation of such of them as are used in
the present catalogue *.
Fig. 1.
Bp
Side view of skull of male Australian.
A. Alveolar point. S. Subnasal point. N. Nasion. Op. Opliryon, or centre
of supraorbital line (Opt). Br/. Bregma. L. Lambdn. O. Occi-
pital point, or most distant part of occiput from Op. B. Basiou.
St. Stephanion. Pt. Pterion. As. Asterion. Op O. Length of
cranium, B Bg. Height of cranium. B N. Basinasal lengtli.
B A. Basialveolar length. N IS. Nasal height.
The most important points for mensuration and descriptive
purposes situated in the middle line of the cranium, taken in
order, are : —
* For fuller explanations of these and other similar terms, see ' Instruc-
tions craniologiques et craniometriques de la Soci^t6 d'Anthropologie de
Paris' (1875); also Topinard's ' Anthropologie ' (187G) ; and for still more
detailed reasons for the introduction of the new terms, " Notions compl^men-
taires sur I'Ost^ologie du Crane, di^termination et denominations nouvelles
de certains points de repere," by P. Broca (Bulletin de la Soc. d'.Vnthrop. de
Pari.s, Seance du 20 mai, 1875).
INTRODUCTION.
XV
1. Alveolar point (A). The centre of the anterior margin of
the upper alveolar arch.
2. Subnasal jwint or Spinal point (S). The middle of the
inferior border of the anterior nasal aperture, at the base
of the nasal spine.
3. Nasion, or Nasal point {N). The middle of the naso-
frontal suture at the root of the nose.
4. Opliryon (Op). A point situated immediately above the
glabella, or, more exactly, the centre of the supraorbital
line, which, drawn across the narrowest part of the fore-
head, separates the face from the cranium.
5. Bregma (Bg). The point of junction of the coronal and
sagittal sutures,
(i. Lambda (L). The point of junction of the sagittal and
lambdoidal sutures.
7. Opisthion. The middle of the posterior margin of the
foramen magnum.
8. Basion (B). The middle of the anterior margin of the
foramen magnum.
On the lateral surface of the cranium are : —
9. Pterion (Pt). The region, near the anterior part of the
temporal fossa, where the great wing of the sphenoid, the
squamosal, the parietal, and the frontal bones come near
to each other in a varying manner in different individuals,
10. Steplianion {St). The point where the temporal ridge
crosses the coronal suture.
11. Asterion (As). The point, behind the mastoid process,
where the parietal, occipital, and temporal bones meet.
Sometimes a horizontal suture (traces of which are generally
visible in the skulls of infants), extending across the supra-
occipital, connects the asterion of each side. The upper portion
thus intercepted is called an interparietal bone. When a suture
on a higher level cuts otF a smaller portion of the supraoccipital,
this is called an epactal bone. The former is a permanent
retention of an embryonic condition; the latter a mere anomaly.
xvi
INTRODUCTIOK.
The measurements are all stated in millimetres, as beino; not
only the most convenient divisions of space for the purpose, but
those used by the greater number of anatomists. In the case
of the height of articulated skeletons, English feet and inches
are added, to facilitate comparisons hj those who are more
accustomed to such measures.
The length of all the principal bones of the limbs of every
skeleton has been given. In important specimens, or when the
lengths have differed sensibly on the two sides, both right and
loft have been measured. When the length of only one side is
given, it is the right, and it may be presumed that the other did
not differ materially from it. The length given is always the
greatest length in the direction of the lono- axis of the bone,
measured between two plane surfaces placed one at each end of
the bone and perpendicular to the axis. In tlie tibia, however,
the spine is omitted, the length being taken from the middle of
the upper edge of the internal tuberosity to the apex of the
malleolus.
The measurements given of the sknlls are few compar(>d with
the number that would be required in a catalogue professedly
descriptive ; but they are those which seemed, after much con-
sideration, to be the most important in indicating the general
characters of the head and face as revealed in their osseous
framework. Great care has been taken to ensure their accuracy;
in most cases they have been repeated more than once, at con-
siderable intervals of time. Mathematical precision, however,
is impossible in osteological measurements, as, independently of
other difficulties, bone varies in bulk according to surrounding
conditions to an extent far greater than is generally supposed.
I have found by repeated experiments, in confirmation of those
of Broca *, that a cranium will vary, not only in capacity, but
as much as 5 millimetres in its circumference, and a femur 2 or
* " Etudes sur les Propridtes IlTgrom61riqncs des Crnnes considt^r6es
(Inns leurs rapports avcc la Craniomdtrie " (Revue d'.Vuthropologie, .Janvier
1874).
INTRODUCTIOX.
XVll
3 millimetres in its length, according as it is dry or damp,
shrinking when dry and expanding when wet, the state of the
atmosphere being quite sufficient to affect it. This circumstance
will doubtless account for many discrepancies in measurements,
and show that, although accuracy up to a certain point is abso-
lutely essential, excessively minute measurements, and especially
calculations of indices to numerous decimals based upon such
measurements, involve only waste of labour and printing.
It may, however, be worth while mentioning, especially for
beginners, that in recording measurements of whatever kind it
is very important to put down, not the last, but the nearest unit
of measurement to the length of the object measured ; if, for
instance, it measures ten millimetres and any fraction less than
a half, to set it down as 10, but if more than a half, to set it
down as 11. Otherwise, in adding up a large number of figures
there will be sensible loss on the whole ; whereas if this is
attended to, what is gained in some cases counterbalances what
is lost in others, and the general sum is accurate — the more so,
of course, the larger the number of figures added. The same
principle must be observed in calculating indices. Whatever
be the last decimal figure used, it should always have reference
to the next that would follow. If this is below 5 no notice will
be taken of it, but if above 5 the last figure recorded must be
augmented by 1 ; thus "6789 must be abbreviated into "7, '68,
or '679, not into '6, "67, or '678. This rule has been invariably
followed in all the calculations in the present work.
The measurements of ci-ania, except the circumference and
capacity, have all been taken with one instrument, a sliding
caliper, which combines the purposes of the French compas
d'Spaisseur and compas-glissiere. It has been found so conve-
nient for all cranial as well as other osteological measurements
that a sketch of it is subjoined (fig. 2). The larger dimensions
of the cranium are taken with the curved arms, the smaller ones,
as those of the nose and orbit, with the shorter pointed arms. The
h
xviii
INTRODUCTION.
instrument can be made portable, the fixed arm, or that most
distant from the handle, being removable, and the sliding arm
following it ; both can thus be placed in a case by the side of
Fig. 2.
Cranioiueter : one fifth tlie actual size.
the stem ; but for museum or laboratory work the perfect
stability of a fixed instrument is preferable.
To avoid the labour of making innumerable calculations with
risk of error in every case, tables have been constructed for
finding the principal indices, which are more convenient for
reference and more exact than any of the mechanical instruments
devised for the purpose. As such tables will be found useful
by all who are working at craniometry in this museum or else-
where, they have been printed at the end of the catalogue.
The principal one, that for the length and breadth indices, is
almost identical with that published by Welcker *, which was
not known to me until after the present one was computed ; but
as that table is not at present very accessible, and also contains
several slight errors, it has been thought that the reproduction
of a similar one in this work would still be acceptable.
In these indices three figures have been given, the last,
however, as mentioned above, always modified in reference
to the one which succeeds it. These, as they stand, may be
considered as thousandths, but by placing a dot after the second
or first figure they may be converted into hundredths or tenths
if desired. The frequent practice in France of giving four
* Archiv fiir Anthropologie, Band iii., 1868.
INTllODUCTION.
XIX
figures for indices, viz. hundredths followed by two decimals,
appears to me to be very unnecessary, and to give an entirely
fictitious appearance of accuracy, considering that the data from
which the indices are calculated are measurements which, taken
by different individuals or by the same individual at different
times, rarely if ever coincide with absolute accuracy. Indeed,
for most purposes, two figures are quite as likely to represent
truthfully the required proportion as three.
The measurements and indices selected for record in this
Catalogue are as follows, being distinguished by the initial
letter : —
C Horizontal circumference. This is taken with the tape in
the usual way, passing in front round the supraorbital
line (above the glabella) and behind across the most
prominent part of the occiput (fig. 1, Op 0). It gives a
general idea of the size of the exterior of the cranium.
L. Length. Unfortunately craniometrists are not yet in
accord as to the best method of taking this important
measurement, which aftects considerably the two fol-
lowing indices. It is here always taken by placing one
arm of the craniometer on the ophryon, and the other on
the most distant part of the occiput (fig. 1, Op 0). The
glabella, which is properly a part of the face, and which
may vary much in development without any alteration
in the essential form of the cranium, is thus excluded.
B. Breadth, is the greatest parietal breadth.
Bi. Index of breadth. Latitudinal index or cephalic index.
B. X 100
L. •
H. Height. Of the various methods of estimating the height,
the one here used is that generally adopted by the French
anthropologists — that is, the distance between the basion
and the bregma (fig. 1, B Bg).
Hi. Index of height, or altitudinal index. H. x 100^
XX
INTRODUCTION.
BN. Basinasal length. Basion to nasioii.
BA. Basialveolar length. Basion to alveolar point, or the
most distant part o£ the anterior margin of the alveolar
arch.
Ai. Alveolar index. ■— ^R^f~-' This affords the readiest
method of estimating the amount of forward projection
of the jaw. It is not always perfectly accurate, as
it is affected by any abnormal position of the basion,
independently of the real relation of the face to the
cranium ; but these cases are comparatively rare, and
scarcely affect large averages. Unfortunately, in crania
in which the incisor teeth have been lost durins: life and
the alveolar margin absorbed, the basialveolar length,
and consequently the alveolar index, cannot be obtained.
As will be seen in the sequel, this index forms one of the
most important characteristics of race.
Nh. Nasal height. A vertical line between the nasion and
the lower border of the nasal aperture.
Nw. The greatest width of the nasal aperture.
Ni. Nasal Index. "^^ ' ^ ^00
Nh.
Ow. Orbital width. The inner point of measurement is the
spot where the ridge which forms the posterior boundary
of the lacrj^mal groove meets the fronto-lacrymal suture.
This is rather behind the dacryon of Broca (point of
junction of the frontal, ascending process of maxilla,
and lacrymal), and completely excludes the lacrymal
groove from the measurement. The outer point is the
most distant part from this on the front edge of the outer
border of the orbit.
Oh. Orbital height. The distance between the upper and
lower margins of the orbit at the middle.
The right orbit, unless injured or of abnormal form, is that
usually measured.
INTRODUCTION.
xxi
n- n u-* 1 • 1 Oh- X 100
(Ji. Orbital index. — •
Uw.
Ca. Capacity in cubic centimelres. This is one o£ the most
important and difficult measurements. It is hoped that
the figures here given may be relied upon ; at all events
no pains have been spared to ensure accuracy, as far ns
it can be attained. Many thousands of experiments have
been made to ascertain the best process; and most of the
crania have been gauged several times over. The material
used has been mustard- seed, with which the cranium is
filled to its maximum. The measurement of the seed is
then taken with the choremometer designed and con-
structed by Mr. Busk *. The accuracy of the method
has frequently been verified upon crania specially pre-
pared, so that their capacity could be ascertained with
absolute exactness by filling them with mercury or
water. The details of the method of measurement, and
the reasons for the preference of this method to that
which has been elaborated with so much care and
ingenuity by M. Broca, will be given elsewhere.
At the conclusion of the Catalogue the average measurements
of each race are tabulated, so that they can be readily compared,
and some observations are made upon the results. These will,
I trust, serve to show that, although the measurements of indivi-
duals give great variations in every race, there are some tangible
characters by which the broader divisions of the human species
can be distinguished — at all events, that certain characteristics
prevail in one, and certain others in a different race. If the
measurements given had been more numerous, probably many
other interesting results would have been elucidated ; but the
purpose of the Catalogue has been only to illustrate the general
outlines of the subject. The specimens which would be required
to demonstrate the subdivisions of the great groups, the cha-
racteristics of which can only be brought out by more minute
* See ' Journal of the Anthropological Institute,' vol. iii. p. 200, pi. xii.
xxu
INTRODUCTION.
and complicated systems o£ measurement, are not sufficiently
numerous to give fair averages, and in many cases are entirely
wanting. It is hoped that the publication of this Catalogue,
by showing the deficiencies of the collection, will lead to many
of them being supplied by those who have the opportunity of
so doing.
Mr. Busk, Chairman of the Museum Committee, whose long-
continued and successful labours in the department of physical
anthropology are so well known, has been good enough to read
the proofs of this Catalogue while passing through the press.
Thanks are also due to Dr. Garson, Assistant in the Museum,
for similar aid, and to Mr. John M'Ara, Museum Attendant, for
calculating the various tables of indices and averages.
CONTENTS.
I. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
Page
A. Development of the Human Skeleton.
a. Up to the time of birth 1
(}. Progress of ossification after birth 5
B. Osteology of Adult Man.
Skeletons 7
Normal Crania 10
Crania of unusually small size (Microcephalic) .... 12
Crania of unusually large size (Megacephalic) 13
Crania showing an unusual development of Wormian or
other accessory ossicles in the sutures 14
Crania showing Metopism, or persistence of the frontal
suture 17
Crania the form of which appears to have been altered by
premature synostosis of some of the sutures .... 18
Crania presenting various other anomalies of conformation . 22
Preparations of Skulls 24
Pelves 25
Structure of difi'erent parts of the Human Skeleton shown
by means of sections 27
Variations of the Human Skeleton in regard to Stature . . 30
II, DENTITION OF MAN.
Normal Dentition 33
Hunterian Specimens illustrating Dentition 34
XXIV
CONTENTS.
III. SPECIAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN,
or Illustrations of the Osteological Characters of the
various Races of Mankind.
Page
a 1. Eaelt Eaobs of Man.
a. Palajolithic . 45
h. Neolithic • 50
c. Bronze 54
cl. Ancient British 56
e. Roman 59
/. Anglo-Saxon 60
1. Europe.
A. The British Isles.
a. England.
a. Ancient British, or presumably ancient, though
of uncertain date 61
ft. Roman and Romano- British 64
y. Anglo-Saxon Period 68
5. Of uncertain date, or Modern 71
h. Wales 78
c. Scotland 79
d. Ireland 81
B. France.
a. Ancient 82
h. Modern 84
C. The Spanish Peninsula 89
1>. Italy.
a. Ancient 90
h. Modern 96
E. Greece and the Ancient Greek Colonies.
a. Ancient 114
h. Modern 115
F. Central Europe (the Netherlands, Germany, and Switzer-
land) 117
G. The Danubian Provinces 120
H. Scandinavia 121
I. Russia 126
CONTENTS. XXV
Page
2. North Africa.
A. The Canary Islands 127
B. Algiers and Tunis 129
C. Egypt 131
3. Asia.
A. Turkey, Syria, and Arabia 153
B. India 159
C. Ceylon 212
D. Siberia and Central Asia 218
Da. Persia 219
E. China 220
F. Formosa 22&
G. Japan 226
H. Burmah 229
I. The Indo-Malayan Archipelago 231
4. Polynesia (including New Zealand) 241
5. America.
A. Eskimo 259
B. West Coast of North America 264
C. Eastern and Central Regions of North America . . . 273
D. Central America and the Antilles 276
E. Guiana and Colombia 278
F. Brazil 280
G. Peru, Bolivia, and Chile 281
H. Patagonia 309
I. Tierra del Fuego 312
6. ArSTRALIA.
A. North Australia 314
B. Queensland 318
C. New South Wales 320
D. Yictoria 322
E. South Australia 325
F. Western Australia 333
Australians of unknown Locality 334
c
xxvi
CONTENTS.
7. Melanesia.
A. Tasmania 337
B. New-Caledonian Group 343
C. Fijian Group 347
D. Tokelau or Union Group 354
E. New-Hebrides Group 355
F. Solomon Islands 362
G. Papua, or New Guinea 365
H. Molucca Group 374
I. The Andaman Islands 374
8. Africa south of the Sahaea.
A. African Negroes of unknown Locality 380
B. West Coast of Africa 384
C. The Soudan and Central Africa 396
D. Eastern Africa 399
E. South Africa 405
E. Madagascar 417
On the Ceanial Measueements as Chaeacteristic of Kace . . 418
Table I. — To calculate Cranial Indices 426
Table II.- — To calculate Nasal and Orbital Indices 4;iU
Table III. — To calculate Alveolar Indices 4;iO
List of SrEciMEKS showing Abnormalities 4.32
OSTEOLOGICAL CATALOGUE.
PART I.
I. GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
The specimens in this series are mostly from English or at least
European subjects, or of unknown origin.
A. Development of the Human Skeleton.
The structure and growth of bone generally, as far as it can be
shown in specimens preserved in spirit, is illustrated in the Physio-
logical Series, Preparations A. 97 to A. 187, described in the first volume
of the Catalogue of that series.
The following specimens only show the progress of ossification.
a. Up to the time of birth *.
1. The skeleton of a foetus, one inch (25"5 mm.) in height
(about the end of the second month of intra-uterine life).
O.C. 5814.
This specimen was originally part of the Sloane Museum.
British Museum. Purchased, 1809.
* The ages assigned to these embryonic skeletons are merely approxi-
mate, and inferred from the state of development, no precise dates having
been obtained with the specimens. The heights are given from the vertex
to the heel, but, owing to the sliriuking of the dried cartilages, aie less than
would have been the case in the original conditiuu.
B
2
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
1^ Skeleton of a fcetus about the seventh week, 48 mm. in
height. Presented hy Sir Erasmus Wilson.
2. The skeleton of a foetus, one inch and three quarters
(45 mm.) in height (between the second and third month).
0. C. 5815. Hunterian.
8. The skeleton of a foetus, two inches and three quarters
(70 mm.) in height (three months). 0. C. 5816.
Hunterian.
4. The skeleton of a fcfetus, slightly more advanced.
Presented hy G. W. Machnurdo, Esq., 1857.*
5. The skeleton of a foetus^ four inches (102 mm.) in height
(between three and four months).
Presented hy G. W. Machnurdo, Esq., 1857.
6. The skeleton of a foetus, four and three quarter inches
(120 mm.) in height, wanting the left arm (four months).
O.C. 5818.
From the collection of the late John Heaviside, Esq.
Purchased, 1829.
7. The skeleton of a foetus, slightly more advanced. O.C. 5819.
Heaviside Collection. Purchased, 1829.
8. The skeleton of a foetus, five and a half inches (140 mm.) in
height (four months).
Presented hy G. W. Machnurdo, Esq., 1857.
9. The skeleton of a foetus, six inches (152 mm.) in height
(between four and five months). 0. C. 5820.
Heaviside Collection. Purchased, 1829.
10. The skeleton of a foetus, seven inches (178 mm.) in
height (five months).
Presei^ted hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 18C9.
11. The skeleton of a foetus of tlie same size. 0. C. 5821.
1 Hunterian.
* The series of foetal skeletons presented by Mr. Mackmurdo were pur-
chased hy that gentleman in Paris.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN SKELETON. 3
12. The skeleton of a foetus, seven and a half inches (191 mm.)
in height (five months).
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1857.
13. The skeleton of a foetus, eight inches (204 mm.) in height
(between five and six months).
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1869.
14. The skeleton of a foetus, eight and a quarter inches
(210 mm.) in height (between five and six months).
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1857.
15. The skeleton of a foetus, of the same size.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1869.
16. The skeleton of a foetus, of the same size. Purchased, 1861.
17. The skeleton of a foetus, nine and a half inches (241 mm.)
in height (six months). 0. C. 5822.
Heaviside Collection. Purchased, 1829.
18. The skeleton of a foetus, ten inches (254 mm.) in height,
wanting the right arm.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1869.
19. The skeleton of a foetus, ten and a half inches (267 mm.) in
height (six months.) 0. C. 5823. Hunterian.
20. The skeleton of a foetus, of the same height.
Purchased, 1861.
21. The skeleton of a foetus, of the same height.
Presented by G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1857,
22. The skeleton of a foetus, eleven inches (279 mm.) in height
(between six and seven months). 0. C. 5824.
Hunterian.
23. The skeleton of a foetus, twelve inches (304 mm.) in height.
Purchased, 1861.
24. The skeleton of a foetus, of the same heio;ht.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1857,
B 2
4 GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
25. The skeleton of a foetus, thirteen and a half inches (342 mm.)
in height (seven months). Purchased, 1861.
26. The skeleton of a foetus, fifteen inches in height.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1857.
27. The skeleton of a foetus, of the same height.
Purchased, 1861.
28. The skeleton of a foetus, fifteen and a half inches (394 mm.)
in height (eight mouths). Purchased, 1861.
29. A skeleton, sixteen and a half inches (421 mm.) in height,
being that of a foetus of nine months or a child at birth.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
30. A skeleton of the same age.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867,
31. A skeleton of the same age. Purchased, 1861.
32. A skeleton of the same age. 0. C. 5825.
Presented hy Sir William Blizard, 1811.
33. A skeleton of the same age, eighteen inches (456 mm.) in
height. 0. C. 5826. Hunterian.
34. The separated bones of the skeleton of a child at birth.
Purchased.
35. The separated bones of the skeleton of an unusually well-
developed still-born male child, weighing ten and a
quarter pounds. Prepared in 1869.
36. The cranium of a child at or before birth. 0. C. 5827.
Hunterian.
37. The skull of a child at birth. 0. C. 5828.
British Museum. Purchased, 1809.
38. The cranium of a child at birth. Purchased, 1866.
39. The skull of a child at birth. Purchased, 1866.
40. The skull of a child at birth.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
41. The skull of a child at birth.
Presented by G. W, Madmurdo, Esq., 1867.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAX SKELETON. O
42. The skull of a child at birth.
Preserited hy G. W. Mackmunlo, Esq., 1867.
42 \ The skull of a child at birth. 1
42 ^ The cranium of a child or foetus. I Erasmus Wilson,
4:2 ^ The cranium of a foetus. 1883.
42 *. The cranium of a foetus. >
43. The skull of a female child at birth, longitudinally and
vertically bisected. Prepared in 1869.
44. The skull of a child at birth.
45. A preparation of a foetal skull. 0. C. 5882.
Pi'esented by Professor Owen.
46. The bones of a foetal skull, separated and artificially con-
nected with each other. 0. C. 5880. Purchased.
47. The separated bones of a fostal skull. 0. C. 5881.
Heaviside Collection. Purchased, 1829.
48. Three portions of the vertebral column of a foetus. De-
scribed in the Old Catalogue, Nos. 5877, 5878, and
5879. Presented hy Professor Owen.
/3. Progress of ossification after birth.
49. The separated bones of the skeleton of a female child aged
fifteen months. The twelfth pair of ribs are rudi-
mentary. Prepared in 1864,
49 K Articulated skeleton of a boy aged sixteen months.
Purchased, 1888.
50. The articulated skeleton of a boy about two years of age.
0. C. 5830. British Museum. Purchased, 1809.
51. The separated bones of the skeleton of a male child, aged
two and a half years (slightly rachitic).
Prepared in 1866.
52. The skeleton of a child about eight years of age.
53. The separated bones of a male child nine years of age.
Prevared in 1864.
6
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
53 ^ The separated bones of the skeleton of a child aged twelve
years. Purchased, 1891.
54. The articulated skeleton of a boy about twelve years of age.
0. C. 5831. British Museum. Purchased, 1809.
54 \ The skeleton of a youth aged 14 years. 1888.
542. „ „ „ 15 „ -|
54 \ „ „ „ 16 „ J> Purchased, 1891.
54 ^ „ „ „ 18 „ J
55. The skull of an infant about eight months of age.
Purchased, 1868.
56. The skull of a child about three years of age. All the
milk-teeth are in place ; the germs of the second denti-
tion are displayed. The basioccipital bone is wanting.
Presented hy Joseph Hodgson, Esq., 1869.
57. The skull of a somewhat older child. A horizontal section
has been made through the calvarium.
58. The skull of a child five or six years of age, verticall}'- and
longitudinally bisected.
59. The bones of the skull, separated and artificially connected,
of a child about seven years of age. The milk-dentition
and the first permanent molars are in place. 0. C. 5883.
Purchased, 1840.
60. The frontal, parietal, and occipital bones of a child. 0. C.
5884. Presented hy Professor Oicen.
61. The skull of a young European. 0. C. 5742.
The basilar suture is not closed. The second molars are fully
developed, but the posterior molars are not yet in place. The
left lower milk-molar is retained.
Hunterian.
62. The femur of a young person, longitudinally bisected, to
show the internal structure and the detached epiphyses
of the head, great trochanter, and lower articular
extremity. The epiphysis forming the lesser trochanter
is partially \inited to the shaft. Purchased.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN SKELETON.
7
63. A similar preparation of a tiuia, showing the epiphyses at
both extremities. Probably from the same person as the
last. Purchased.
63 ^ The skeleton of the foot of a child ten years old.
Presented by Luther Holden, Esq., 1879.
64. The pelvis of a young child.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
64 ^ The pelvis of a child.
65. The pelvis of a child.
Presented by G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
66. The pelvis of a young person, probably female, in which
the three elements of the innominate bone have not
completely coalesced.
Presented by G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
B. Osteology of Adult Man.
In this series are arranged specimens which are either normal
or show only slight individual peculiaritieSj i. e. deviations from
the normal condition not sufficiently marked to be included in
the Terato logical Series *.
67. The articulated skeleton of a male European. 0. C. 5569.
Height 1715 = 5 feet 7"5 inches.
Clavicle 157, humerus 340, radius 256, femur 482, tibia 378.
Cranium: circumference 527, length 186, breadth 140, index
of breadth 753, height 131, index of height 704, capacity 1470.
Himterian.
68. The articulated skeleton of a male European. 0. C. 5832.
Height 1732 = 5 feet 8-2 inches.
Clavicle 160, humerus 322, radius 248, femur 479, tibia 372.
Cranium : C. 54a, L. 190, B. 142, Bi. 747, H. 139, Hi. 732,
Ca. 1620.
Hunterian.
* For these see the ' Descriptive Catalogue of tlie Teratological Series,'
1893. It need scarcely be said that it is impossible to draw any defiuite
line between individual peculiarity and actual malformation. In arranging
and cataloguing a museum convenience in the disposition of the specimens
has often to be taken into consideration.
8
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
69. The articulated skeleton of a Frenchman. 0. C. 5571.
Height 1698^5 feet 6-9 inches.
Clavicle 152, humerus 358, radius 254, femur 483, tibia 381.
Cranium : C. 543, L. 188, B. 152, Bi. 809, H. 125, Hi. 665,
Ca. 1550. The forehead is unusually low and retreating.
Purchased, 1844.
70. The articulated skeleton o£ a French woman. O. C. 5572.
This and the last show well the differential sexual characters
of the osseous system.
Height 1582 = 5 feet 2-3 inches.
Clavicle 135, humerus 300, radius 229, femur 422, tibia 350.
Cranium : C. 500, L. 178, B. 130, Bi. 730, H. 118, Hi. 663,
Ca. 1210.
Purchased, 1844.
70 The articulated skeleton of an English woman, aged 24.
The natural position of the bones, as ascertained by measure-
ments and casts taken before maceration, has been carefully
preserved.
Height 1581 = 5 feet 2 inches.
Clavicle, I. 144 ; humerus, r. 320, I. 319 ; radius, r. 224,
I. 220 ; femur, r. 440, I. 437 ; tibia, r. 349, I. 350.
Cranium: C. 482, L. 167, B. 137, Bi. 820, H. 116, Hi. 695,
BN. 91, BA. 86, Ai. 945, Nh. 42, Nw. 19, Ni. 452, Ow. 35,
Oh. 32, Oi. 914, Ca. 1280.
71. The articulated skeleton of an Englishman. 0. C. 5570.
It has twenty-five prtesacral vertebra. The supplemental
vertebra has the character of a last dorsal on the right side,
and of a first lumbar on the left side.
Height 1807=5 feet 11-1 inches.
Clavicle 149, humerus 336, radius 253, femur 507, tibia 389.
Cranium : C. 510, L. 189, B. 138, Bi. 730, H. 134, Hi. 709,
Ca. 1485.
Purchased.
72. The left half of the axial portion of a human skeleton,
divided in the longitudinal and antero-})Osterior direction.
The proximal portions of the extremities are retained in this
Fpecimen.
Purchased .
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT JIAN.
9
73. The skull, vertebral column and pelvis, in longituilinal and
antero-posterior section. Articulated. Purchased.
73 ^ The right half of human vertebral column.
Presented by Professor D. J. Cunningham, 1889.
74. The separated bones of the skeleton of a male European
(wanting the skull). These are all severally described
in the former catalogue, being numbered 5573 to 5707,
which numbers are retained upon them for the purpose
of comparison with the descriptions in that work.
Purchased.
75. The skeleton of an Englishman, aged 38.
The vertebral column, ribs, sternum, pelvis, and bones of the
right extremities are mounted in the " separate series " of homo-
logous bones.
Clavicle 148, humerus 337, radius 248, femur 439, tibia 378.
Prepared in 1863.
75 ^ The skeleton of an Englishman, aged 44.
The bones are not in good condition, having been injected.
Clavicle, r. 145, J. 143 ; humerus, r. 315, I. 320 ; radius,
r. 232, I. 229 ; ulna, r. 252, Z. 251 ; femur, r. 438, I. 444 ;
tibia, r. 360, I. 362 ; fibula, r. 358, I. 357.
Pelvis: B. 297, H. 228, JDB. 108, conj. 134, TDO. 92.
C. 514, L. 182, B. 144, Bi. 791, H. 123, Hi. 676, BN. 101,
BA. 104, Ai. 10 50, Nh. 54, Nw. 20, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1315.
Prepared in the College, 1882.
76. The separated bones of an adult male^ complete except the
skull.
Clavicle 166, humerus 344, radius 255, femur 477, tibia 381.
Presented hy G. W. Machnurdo, Esq., 1867.
76 ^ The skull and skeleton of the trunk articulated. Probably
French.
C. 555, L. 182, B. 168, Bi. 923, H. 135, Hi. 742, BIST. 98,
BA. 96, Ai. 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1930.
Presented hy Sir Erasmus Wilson, 1883.
10
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
J!\ormal Crania.
11. The skull of an Englishman, S *■ 0. C. 5733.
C. 546, L. 194, B. 144, Bi. 742, H. 139, Hi. 716, Ca. 1780.
Pur'chased.
78. The skull of an Englishman, S ■ 0. C. 5734.
C. 520, L. 186, B. 144, Bi. 774, H. 130, Hi. 699, Ca. 1475.
Purchased.
79. The cranium of an Englishman, S ■ 0. C. 5737.
" Skull of a young Englishman, who poisoned himself in the
Island of Pulo Pinang" (Catalogue of 1831).
C. 473, L. 169, B. 127, Bi. 751, H. 126, Hi. 746, Ca. 1190.
Presented by Dr. Henderson, 1822.
80. The skull of a European, 0. C. 5735.
C. 518, L. 183, B. 139, Bi. 760, H. 135, Hi. 738, Ca. 1510.
Hunterian.
81. The skull of a European, 0. C. 5736.
C. 487, L. 170, B. 137, Bi. 806, H. 132, Hi. 776, Ca. 1375.
Hunterian.
82. The cranium of a European, . 0. C. 5743.
The right posterior molar is ohliquely placed within its
alveolus.
C. 547, L. 195, B. 145, Bi. 744, H. 133, Hi. 682, Ca. 1710.
Hunterian.
83. The cranium of a European, c? • 0. C. 5744.
From a person advanced in years. The coronal, sagittal, and
lambdoidal sutures are partly obliterated. Both zygomatic
arches are curiously bent inwards near the middle of their
length.
C. 525, L. 188, B. 140, Bi. 745, H. 130, Hi. 691, Ca. 1500.
Hunterian.
84. The cranium of a European, ? . 0. C. 5747.
C. 518, L. 183, B. 135, Bi. 738, H. 115, Hi. 628, Ca. 1375.
Hunterian.
* The signs c? and J ore used when the sex is merely inferred from the
characters of the skull ; the words " male " and " female " when it is known
from more certain evidence.
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAX.
11
85. A cranium, attributed to a Chinese in the Catalogue of
1831, ? . O.C. 5752.
C. 490, L. 178, B. 126, Bi. 708, H. 127, Hi. 713.
Iluiiterian.
86. A cranium, ascribed in the Catalogue of 1831 (No. 93,
p. 16) to " a native of New Holland,'* but, as pointed out
in the Catalogue of 1851, presenting none of the special
characters of the Australian race : S • 0. C. 5754.
C. 496, L. 175, B. 136, Bi. 777, H. 127, Hi. 726.
Hunterian.
87. A very brachycephalic skull, ^ ,
C. 528, L. 173, B. 157, Bi. 908, H. 152, Hi. 879.
Presented by G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
88. A brachycephalic cranium, ^ .
The posterior half of the sagittal suture is situated in a lon-
gitudinal depression.
0. 527, L. 173, B. 155, Bi. 896, H. 134, Hi. 775.
Presented by G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
88 ^ A brachycephalic skull.
C. 513, L. 172, B. 150, Bi. 872, H. 136, Hi. 791, BN. 93,
BA. 90, Ai. 968, Nh. 47, Nw. 30, Ni. 638, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1575.
Purchased, 1893,
89. A cranium, S. 0. C. 5749.
The occipital region appears to have been artificially flattened
in infancy, perhaps unintentionally. The parietal foramina,
situated in a smooth depressed obelion, are double on both sides.
C. 490, L. 165, B. 147, Bi. 891, H. 129, Hi. 781.
Hunterian,
90. The cranium of an Englishman, in which a longitudinal
vertical section has been made passing through the left
orbit, for comparison with the crania of an Australian
(No. 5760 O.C.) and of a Negro (No. 5761 O.C),
similarly prepared. 0. C. 5762.
C. 516, L. 181, B. 138, Bi. 762, H. 128, Hi. 707.
Prepared in 1852.
12
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
91. The skull, said to be that of an aged female. Though
perfectly edentulous, none of the cranial sutures are
obliterated. 0. C. 5886.
Probably the subject of the figure illustrative of the effects
of the loss of teeth in both jaws, given bj' Hunter in his work
' On the Natural History of the Human Teeth,' pi. vii. (1771).
C. 498, L. 178, B. 132, Bi. 742, H. 114, Hi. 640, Ca. 1325.
Hunterian.
92. The skull of an aged edentulous person, S ■ 0. C. 5887.
The cranial sutures are very simple and partially consolidated.
C. 495, L. 167, B. 140, Bi. 838, H. 127, Hi. 760.
Hunterian.
93. The skull of a person who had lost all the teeth during life.
0.0. 5888.
The cranial sutures are more complex than in the last, and
but partially consolidated.
C. 523, L. 190, B. 132, Bi. 695, H. 131, Hi. 689.
Presented hy Sir William Blizard, 1811.
94. The skull of a person who had lost all the teeth during life.
0. 0. 5889.
The cranial sutures are not consolidated, except at the
obelion.
C. 499, L. 177, B. 133, Bi. 751, H. 130, Hi. 730.
Hunterian.
95. The skull of an aged edentulous person.
The cranial sutures are almost entirely consolidated, and the
parietal bones are much atrophied.
C. 510, L. 184, B. 134, Bi. 728, H. 129, Hi. 701.
Crania of abnormally small size {Microcephalic).
95 ^ The cranium of a man from Southern India. Perfectly
adult, all the teeth have been in place, and the one molar
left shows considerable wear. Basilar suture united, but
other sutures open and normal. See Journal of Anthro-
pological Institute, vol. iii. 1893-4, p. 2G5, where it is
very fully figured (pis. xv.-xvi.).
A Canarese by birth of healthy appearance, he presented
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAN.
13
nothing remarkable until his head was uncovered, which then
struck attention by its small size, conical shape, and the pro-
jection of the large ears. In intellect he was a mere idiot,
though gifted with some power of imitation. His height was
5 feet 6 inches, weight 89 lbs. The circumference of the head
was 16 inches, and the transverse arc 9"5 inches.
C. 350, L. 127, B. 95, Bi. 748, H. 100, Hi. 787, BN. 86,
BA. 85, Ai. 988, Nh. 41, Nw. 21, Ni. 512, Ow. 33, Oh. 28,
Oi. 848, Ca. 445.
Presented hy Dr. John SJiortt, Deputy Surgeon-General
Madras Army, 1880.
95 ^. The cranium of an English woman, who died August 20,
1877, in the Earlswood Asylum, aged 24.
She was a congenital imbecile, the firstborn of her parents.
As regards her intellectual capacity, she was very fond of man,
had good powers of imitation, could count a little, had a fair
memory for names of persons and common things, was able to
use her hands sufficiently to hem towels and take part in the
work in the dormitories. Her speech was only slightly
defective, her sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch being
quite normal. In her last years she was subject to slight
epileptic fits. She died of valvular disease of the heart and
dropsy.
Further details of her case and a photograph will be found in
the Museum letter-book (August 10th, 1881). Brain weighed
16 oz.
C. 365?, L. 127, B. 101, Bi. 795, H. 95, Hi. 748, BN. 80,
BA. 85, Ai. 1063, Nh. 45, Nw. 18, Ni. 400, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi. 971, Ca. 500?
Presented by Dr. G. W. Grahham, 1881.
Crania of unusually large size {MegacepJialic) .
96. A cranium (said to have been brought from India) of re-
markable size and weight, the bones being everywhere
thick and massive, but with no signs of disease, past or
present : c? •
C. 573, L. 206, B. 148, Bi. 718, H. 151, Hi. 733, Ca. 1830.
Purchased, 1862.
14 GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
97. A cranium of still larger size, and with the mastoid pro-
cesses and the muscular ridges greatly deA'eloped : .
The venous foramen behind the left mastoid process is
unusually large.
C. 577, L. 209, B. 150, Bi. 718, H. 140, Hi. 670, Ca. 1900.
Presented hy H, C. Hoods, Esq., 1851.
98. A very large and heavy skull : •
The enlargement is chiefly in the parietal and occipital
regions. The facial bones are comparatively thin and light.
The sagittal and lambdoidal sutures are completely obliterated ;
the coronal nearly so. There is no evidence of disease of the
bones ; but the person to whom it belonged may have been
hydrocephalic in early life.
C. 605, L. 210, B. 168, Bi. 800, H. 135, Hi. 643, Ca. 2060.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
98 ^. A cranium.
C. 556, L. 193, B. 153, Bi. 793, H. 144, Hi. 746, BN. 114,
BA. 112, Ai. 982, Nh, 55, Nw. 28, Ni. 509, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1630.
J. MarshaU, Esq., 1892.
99. A very large, long, depressed, and broad cranium, with
prominent erect frontal region and comparatively small
facial bones.
The mastoid processes and muscular ridges are feebly deve-
loped ; and all the general characters (except size) are feminine.
The peculiarities of form may be due to a slight amount of
hydrocephalus in early life, causing an even distention of the
cranial parietes. The squamosals almost meet the frontals at
the pterion.
C. 575, L. 204, B. 153, Bi. 750, H. 132, Hi. 647, Ca. 2075.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
Crania showing an unusual development of Wormian or other
accessory ossicles in the sutures.
100. The skull of a person of middle age who appears to have
suffered in early life from hydrocejjhaliis : .
There is great bulging of the lateral walls of the cranium
and of the squama occipitis, which has been forced away from
the parietals, and the interspace filled with irregular Wormiun
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAN'.
15
ossicles. The cranium is now dense and solid, and the coronal
and sagittal sutures are completely obliterated.
As this and some of the following are clearly pathologically
altered specimens, the measurements are not of interest.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
101. A skull (said to be that of an Englishman) with a similar
but less marked prominence of the squama occipitis, and
with a very regular and nearly symmetrical develop-
ment of Wormian ossicles in the lambdoidal suture.
0. C. 5738.
There are also two such ossicles in the coronal suture (right
side), where they are much less common. The mastoid pro-
cesses are remarkably small.
PimJiased.
102. The cranium of a European, with a similnr prominence of
the supraoccipital and a development of Wormian bones
in the lambdoidal suture. 0. C. 5892.
The upper third of the frontal suture is persistent. The
squamosal sends a process to join the frontal on both sides of
the head.
Hu7iterian.
103. A calvaria with a similar conformation of the occipital
region and an anterior projection of the forehead.
0. C. 5893. Presented hy Dr. W. E. Leach.
104. A skull with an abnormally prominent occipital region, in
which a horizontal suture, passing from one asterion to
the other, intercepts a distinct interparietal bone, which
is itself divided into two by a nearly vertical suture
situated to the left of the middle line : ^ .
There is also a large Wormian bone at the anterior end of
the sagittal suture, and -a distinct ossicle (epipteric) placed
above the great wing of each sphenoid.
Presented by G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
105. A cranium with a very prominent occipital region, a single
large epactal and several small Wormian bones : •
The frontal suture is persistent. The parietal foramina are
both in the form of transverse linear apertures 6 millimetres in
length.
Presented hy G. W. Machmiirdo. Esq., 1867.
16
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAX.
106. The cranium of a European with a prominent occiput and
a beautiful and tolerably symmetrical arrangement of
Wormian ossicles in the lambdoidal and hinder part of
the sagittal sutures : S • 0. C. 5894.
Presented hy Sir William BUzard, 1811.
107. A calvaria with numerous Wormian ossicles in the
lambdoidal, and through the whole length of the sagittal
and in the left coronal sutures. Hunterian.
108. The base of a cranium, showing a remarkable complexity
of the lambdoidal suture.
109. The cranium of an Englishman, with the sutures generally
simple, but with three large symmetrically disposed
accessory ossifications in the supraoccipital : c? • 0. C.
5895. Presented hy Sir William BUzard, 1811.
110. An English cranium, with a central and a pair of lateral
large distinct ossifications in the supraoccipital : $ .
0. C. 5896. Hunterian.
111. A cranium with Wormian ossicles in the lambdoidal,
sagittal, and coronal sutures.
112. The cranium of a Hindoo child, with a central and right
lateral large ossification in the supiaoccipital and a
distinct ossicle in the right side of the coronal suture.
The milk-deutitiou has been in place ; and the crown of the
first permanent molar is just level with the alveolus. The
nasals and basioccipital ai"e wanting.
Presented hy Walter Cooper Dendy, Esq., 1869.
112 ^ The skull of a female from Nasirabad, Rajputana, India,
with Wormian ossicles in the right side of the lambdoidal
suture. Presented by R. Meinertzhayeny Esq., 1906.
113. A cranium with two large Wormian bones in the anterior
end of the sagittal suture, besides three very symmetri-
cally dis{)0sed in the upper part of the lambdoidal suture:
S- 0. ('. 5753. Hunterian.
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAN.
17
114. A cranium with numerous Wormian bones and a laroe
accessory ossicle (epactal bone) in the lambdoidal suture :
(J. Presented hy G. fV. 3Iackmitrdo, Esq., 18G7.
115. A mutilated skull, said (erroneously) to be that of a
Negro, with well-marked independent ossicles in the
pterion (epipteric bones) on both sides. 0. C. 5369.
Huaterian.
11 G. An elongated and remarkably low and narrow skull, with
an epipteric bone on the right side. 0. C. 5383.
C. 502, L. 183, B. 125, Bi. 683, H. 122, Hi. 667.
Hunterian.
116 ^ The cranium o£ a Zulu showing an epipteric with a chain
o£ Wormian bones continuous with it.
Presented hy Professor G. B. Howes, 1891.
117. The cranium of a new-born infant, with an abnormal
median ossification in the frontal suture.
Presented hy Dr. G. F. A. JVllks, 1878.
Crania showing Metopism, or persistence of tlie frontal suture.
118. A metopic cranium of a European, with a somewhat pro-
jecting supraoccipital region : S ' 0. C. 5745.
C. 550, L. 193, B. 147, Bi. 762, H. 136, Hi. 705.
. _ Hunterian.
119. A metopic cranium of a European. 0. C. 5759.
C. 530, L. 178, B. 156, Bi. 876, H. 144, Hi. 809.
Presented hy Sir William Blizard, 1811.
120. A metopic cranium.
C. 510, L. 178, B. 144, Bi. 809, H. 130, Hi. 730.
Presented hy G. W. Machmurdo, Esq., 1867.
121. An edentulous metopic cranium.
Though all the teeth have been lost, and the alveoli absorbed,
none of the cranial sutures are obliterated.
C. 547, L. 188, B. 151, Bi. 803, H. 130, Hi. 691.
Presented hy G- W. Macknmrdo, Esq., 1867.
c
18
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
122. An upper portion of a metopic calvaria in which the
frontal suture is unusually denticulated.
J 23. An elongated depressed cranium, with a slight annular
constriction of the coronal region : ? .
The bones are light and thin. All the teeth have been lost
during life ; but all the calvarial sutures, including the frontal,
are persistent. The upper edge of both squamosals contain
several independent ossifications.
C. 518, L. 185, B. 134, Bi. 724, H. 118, Hi. 638.
Presented hy G. JV. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
C rania the form of which appears to have been altered hy
p>reniature synostosis of some of the sutures.
124:. The uppe;r part of a calvaria, showing persistence of the
frontal and obliteration of the left half of the coronal
suture, with corresponding shortening of the left side of
the cranium. The sagittal suture is nearly obliterated;
and ossification has advanced further on the right side
of the lambdoidal than on the left. 0. C. 5901.
Ilunterian.
124 K A skull (adult male) with a narrow pointed frontal bone.
No trace of the frontal suture remains, there is also
total obliteration of the f ronto-sphenoid and lower part of
the fronto-parietal sutures. The minimum frontal width
is 86 mm., maximum breadth of skull 154.
C. 541, L. 194, B. 154, Bi. 794, H. 142, Hi. 732, BN. 108,
BA. 102, Ai. 944, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1705.
Presented by Vertue 2}bbs, Esq., 1886.
125. A cranium, said to be that of a Scot, showing well-marked
" scaphocephaly," with complete parietal synostosis.
0. C. 5782.
The other sutures are not obliterated, except the lower ends
of the coronal and the apex of the lambdoidal.
C. 535, L. 198, B. 128, Bi. 646, H. 140, Hi. 707, Ca. 1530.
Presented by Sir Everard Home, Bart., 1809.
125 ^ A scaphocephalic cranium, dug up near the ruins of
St. Mary's Abbey, York.
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAN.
19
C. 526, L. 206, B. 118, Bi. 573, H. 144, Hi. 699, BN. 109,
BA. 104, Ai. 954, Nh. 49.
Presented hy Edward Allen, Esq., 1880.
125 ^. A cranium showing well-marked scaphocephaly, and
partial obliteration of the lambdoidal and coronal sutures.
C. 510, L. 197, B. 118, Bi. 599, H. 137, Hi. 695, BN. 116,
BA. 117, Ai. 1009, Nh. 49, Nw. 30, Ni. 612, Ow. 42, Oh. 38,
Oi. 905, Ca. 1335.
Presented hy John Marshall, Esq., 1892.
126. A cranium, in which the parietal region is still more
laterally compressed and carinated than in No. 125.
The squamosals join the froiitals on both sides. The basilar
suture is united ; but the posterior molars are not in place.
C. 537, L. 203, B. 125, Bi. 616, H. 132, Hi. 650, Ca. 1320.
Presented hy F. Kiernan, Esq., 1871.
127. A similar cranium, said to be that of " a Negro from the
Mozambique." 0. C. 5373.
The squamosals articulate with the t'rontals on both sides.
C. 490, L. 185, B. Ill, Bi. 600, H. 135, Hi. 730, Ca. 1190.
Purchased.
128. A well-marked scaphocephalic calvaria.
L. 216, B. 119, Bi. 551. p , ; lon^
Purchased, 1854.
128 ^ An Egyptian scaphocephalic cranium of unknown date
with mesial forward prolongation of united parietals.
A form of cranium like this is represented on early monu-
ments and assigned to important persons.
L. 211, H. 153, Hi. 725, BN. 106, BA. 93, Ai. 877, Nh. 59,
Nw. 25, Ni. 424, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897.
Presented hy Flinders Petrle, Esq., 1891.
129. The cranium of a native Fijian, exhibiting a remarkable
degree of scaphocephaly, with complete parietal syn-
ostosis : S ■
Brought by the donor from Ovalau. See Journ. Anthrop,
Inst., Feb. 11th, 1879.
C. 562, L. 214, B. (frontal) 116, B. (parietal) 112, Bi. 524,
H. 150, Hi. 701, Ca. 1620.
Presented by Alfred Corrie, Esq., Surgeon B.JV., 1877.
c2
20
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
129 \ A dolichocephalic skull.
C. 579, L. 221, B. 125, Bi. 566, H 135, Hi. 611, BN. 109,
BA. 91, Ai. 835, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Xi. 481, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1525.
Furchased, 1893.
130. A skull in which the sagittal suture appears to have been
prematurely obliterated.
The consequent deformity is less characteristic than in the
preceding specimens. The other calvarial sutures are becoming
consolidated; but of the sagittal there is no trace; and the
enlarged vascular foramina, so commonly associated with this
condition of cranium, are well marked. The specimen -was
obtained by the donor in the Mauritius ; but the race to which
it belonged is unknown.
C. 500, L. 185, B. 118, Bi. 638, H. 129, Hi. 697.
Presented hj Staf -Surgeon Robert Allan, H.M. Arnuj, 1878.
131. A scaphocephalic calvaria^ said to be that or " a Gentoo
from the banks of the Ganges." 0. C 5557.
The bone, as is frequent in these cases, presents numerous
vascular foramina in the neighbourhood of the obliterated
sagittal suture ; and in this specimen the internal surface has
a very marked reticulated appearance, as if caused by a plexus
of vessels imbedded in it.
L. 195, B. 112, Bi. 574.
Brookes's Museum. Purchased, 1828.
132. The greater portion of a cranium, consisting of the frontal,
parietal, and occipital bones of a child (" a Gentoo from
tlie banks of the Ganges ") affected with parietal syn-
ostosis, and of an elongated form, but differing from the
preceding crania in the extraordinary prominence of the
parietal eminences. 0. C. 5556.
The bone forming the groove for the lodgement of the superior
longitudinal sinus is reticulated by numerous channels for
blood-vessels, somewhat as in the last specimen.
Brookes's Miiseinn. Purelidsed, 1828.
133. A long and narrow skull, also said to bo that of "a
Gentoo : " . 0. C. 5555.
It belonged to a powerful, muscular man. It presents con-
siderable resemblance to the last, though in a less exaggerated
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MANj
21
degree. Though the cranium is generally narrow, the parietal
eminences are very prominent. There is partial parietal syn-
ostosis, but affecting only the middle part of the sagittal suture,
and api)arently of recent date. This is therefore, iu all
probability, not an illustration of the effects of premature
synostosis, but is placed here on account of its resemblance to
some of the preceding specimens.
C. 560, L. 208, B. 138, Bi. 663, H. 128, Hi. 615.
Purchased.
134. A mutilated calvaria of very peculiar foi'ni, found in a
garden at Caniberwell.
It differs from the scaphocephalic cranium in the retreating
forehead, contracted coronal region, and great elevation behind
the bregma. Though the lambdoidal and squamosal sutures are
free, the frontal, sagittal, and coronal are completely obliterated,
and the premature synostosis of the latter may have given rise
to the deformity. The superior occipital curved line and inioii
are immensely developed.
L. 178, B. 138, Bi. 775.
135. A cranium affected with parietal synostosis, occipital pro-
tuberance, and great and unsymmetrical elevation of the
frontal region. 0. C. 5891.
C. 520, L. 188, B. 137, Bi. 729, H. 150, Hi. 798.
Hunterian.
1.36. A cranium showing irregular consolidation of the sutures.
The lambdoidal, squamosal, and lower ends of the coronal
sutures are open, as is the spheno-parietal on the right side.
The left spheno-parietal suture is obliterated. The sagittal and
upper part of the coronal sutures are consolidated ; and the bone
around presents numerous enlarged vascular cauals, and at two
spots near the upper anterior angle of the parietals is atrophied,
even to the extent of being perforated. Between these spots
there is a faint trace of the median suture.
From the Collection of the late Dr. Elundell.
C. 520, L. 194, B. 133, Bi. 686, H. 139, Hi. 716.
Presented hj Dr. G. A. F. Wills, 1878.
137. A small skull of a female European, compressed and ver-
tically elevated. 0. C. 5897.
It exhibits premature synostosis of the coronal and posterior
22
GENEEAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAX.
half of the sagittal suture. The lambdoidal suture is perfectly
open, and contains several Wormian bones.
C. 465, L. 166, E. 130, Bi. 783, H. 139, Hi. 837.
Huntenan.
137 ^ A cranium similarly compressed and elevated. The
sagittal suture and the lateral parts of the coronal suture
are obliterated.
C. 468, L. 165, B. 120, Bi. 727, H. 145, Hi. 879, BN. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1375.
Presented hy J. Marshall, Esq., 1892.
137 The cranium of a male European, aged 26, illustrating
the " acrocej)l)alic " type of development.
C. 460, L. 157, B. 132, Bi. 841, H. 136, Hi. 866, Oh. 38,
Ca. 1305.
Presented hy Dr. F. Parkes Weber, 1897.
137 A cranium showing the " acrocephalic " type of develop-
ment, from Gloucestershire.
Presented hy Wentwortli Sturgeon, Esi]., 1906.
Crania presentmg various other anomalies of conformation.
138. A short round skull, with the frontal region extremely low
and narrow, possibly from the effects of artificial com-
pression in infancy, as in the " deformation toidousaine."
The sutures are all partially obliterated, but only by the
regular and progressive synostosis of advancing age. The inion
is greatly developed.
C. 497, L. 170, B. 145, Bi. 853, H. 135, Hi. 794.
Presented hy G. \V. AJatkniurdo, Esq., 1867.
138 Cranium of Flat-headed Indian f r om South America.
C. 502, L. 164, B. 154, Bi. 939, H. 133, Hi. 811, BN. 99,
BA. 108, Ai. 1091, Mi. 47, Nw. 26, Xi. 553, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 854, Ca. 1430.
I'resented by J. Marshall, Esq., 1892.
139. The skull of an Engli>h child about seven years of age,
slightly plagiocephalic, every portion of the right side of
the cranium being in advance of the corresponding part
of the left. 0. C. 5904.
As the sutures are quite normal, the obliquity i.s probablv
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAK,
23
due to the position in which the child was habitually carried
during infancy. The first true molars are nearly in place. The
basioccipital and the exoccipitals have become detached and
are missing.
Hunterian.
140. A skull with the left paroccipital process greatly developed
and presenting a flattened articular surface for the corre-
sponding transverse process of the atlas, ^ .
C. 525, L. 176, B. 153, Bi. 869, H. 130, Hi. 739.
141. The base of a skull, with the atlas, of an Englishman.
The paroccipital process on the left side is a small distinct
tubercle ; but on the right side it is so developed as to
articulate at its extremity with the transverse process of
the atlas. 0. C. 5899.
Presented by Joseph Toynhee, Esq.
142. A cranium having a flattened articular surface or " third
condyle" on the anterior edge of the foramen magnum.
O.C. 5741.
C. 480, L. 162, B. 142, Bi. 877, H. 124, Hi. 766.
Purchased.
143. A cranium, said to be "from Madagascar," but with all
the characters of the European skull. As an individual
peculiarity it exhibits an almost symmetrical pair of
tubercles on the inferior surface of the basioccipital.
0. C. 5902. Hunterian.
144. A mutilated cranium, preserved on account of the peculiar
conformation of the occipital bone, especially the great
development of the inion.
144 ^ An occipital bone showing a remarkable absence of
symmetry of the cerebellar fossae. (See Trans. Path.
Soc, vol. 83, 1882, p. 222.)
Presented by Pearce Gould, Esq., 1884.
145. The skull of a person advanced in life, showing a remark-
able degree of platybasic deformity (" plastic deforma-
tion " of Barnard Davis), .
Most of the molar teeth have been lost during life. All the
24
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
calvarial sutures are partially obliterated. There is much
lateral bulging of the squamosal I'egion ; the bones generally,
but especially those at the base of the cranium, are greatly
atrophied ; and the occipital condyles and anterior margin of
the foramen magnum are deeply sunk towards the interior of
the cranium.
The specimen was obtained in Paris.
C. 530, L. 184, B. 152, Bi. 826, H. 99, Hi. 538.
Pui'chased, 1878.
145 \ A calvaria showiHg an interparietal bone.
Purchased, 1890.
Preparations of Skulls.
146. The skull o£ a male Negro, aged 22, in which the slender
stylo-hyals, which had not yet become united by bone
with the tympano-hyal processes, are preserved.
Prepared in 1870, from a man of unknown history who died
in a London workhouse, bat with well-marked Negro features,
colour, and hair. n i j
Purchased,
147. A skull with a vertical transverse section passing through
the bones of the face.
147 ^ The skull of an Englishman with a horizontal section
through the brain-case.
148. A skull in various sections. The osseous labyrinth of the
ear is exposed on the left side. Purchased.
149. The bones of an adult skull, separated and artificially
connected together a la Beauchene. 0. C. 5885.
Purchased.
150. A skull similarly prepared.
l^resenled In/ G. W. j\lack>m(rdo, Esq., 18G7.
151. The separated bones of an adult human skull, with the
names attached to them by which they are usually known
in anthropotomy, and also those by which they are desig-
nated in general comparative morphology.
152 A to P. Fifteen preparations of the human temporal bone,
showing: in various sections the osseous structures con-
nected with the organ of hearing.
Prepared hij M. I'assciir, I'aris. P nrcliased, 18()2.
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAN,
25
153. A case containing eleven horizontal sections o£ the frontal
bone, showing variations in the condi^^ion of the frontal
air-sinuseSj and their absence in infancy. The sex and
age of the individual from whom the preparation was
taken is marked on each.
154. A case containing ten similar sections.
155. A case containing six preparations of the frontal bone to
show the sinuses.
Mr. Willmot stated that the sections were all cut at the same
line as regards the orbit, viz., | of an inch above the supra-
orbital notch, and in the same plane as regards the bone in the
horizontal position. He found that in 14 per cent, of adult
Europeans the sinuses are absent.
The above were prepared by and purchased from
Mr. E. Willmot, i858.
156. A series of twenty-two specimens of the human hyoid
bones, showing individual variations. The age and sex
of the person is marked on each bone in all cases in
which they are known.
157. Five specimens of the hyoid bones, showing various
degrees of ossification in the anterior arch (stylo-liyoid
ligament).
158. A completely ossified thyroid cartilage.
Pelves.
159. The pelvis of an English female, aged 19.
Prepared in 1871.
160. The pelvis of an English female, aged 27.
Prepared in 1875.
161. The pelvis of an English female^ aged 34.
Prepared in 1877.
162. The pelvis of an English female, aged 48.
Prepared in 1878.
163. The pelvis of an English female, aged 49.
Prepared in 187G.
26 GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
164. The pelvis of an English female, aged 55.
Prepared in 1875.
165. The pelvis of an English female, aged 64.
Prepared in 1877.
166. The pelvis o£ an English female, aged 66.
Prepared in 1877.
167. The pelvis of an English female, aged 69.
Prepared in 1876.
168. The pelvis of a middle-aged female.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
169. The pelvis of an English female, aged 70.
Prepared in 1876.
170. The pelvis of an English female, aged 70.
Prepared in 1877.
171. The pelvis of an English female, aged 79.
Prepared in 1874.
172. The pelvis of an English female, aged 80.
Prepared in 1878.
173. The pelvis of an English male, aged 47.
Prepared in 1878.
173 ^ The pelvis of an English male, aged 62.
Prepared in 1880.
173 ^ The pelvis of an English male, aged 44.
Prepared in 1885.
173 ^ The pelvis of an English male of large size.
Presented hy Sir Erasmus Wilson, 1886.
174. The pelvis of a male.
Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 1867.
Besides the above, the collection includes a large number of
the separate bones of the human body, showing individual varia-
tions, arranged in drawers in Room III, and which it has not
been thought necessary to enumerate in tliis Catalogue. Of
these very many were presented by G. W. Mackmurdo, Es(|.,
in 1867.
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAN.
27
The following specimens, to No. 222 inclusive, exhibit the struc-
ture of different parts of the human skeleton hy means of sections.
175. A vertical transverse section of the human cranium.
0. C. 5766. Hunterian.
176. A right parietal bone, prepared by removal of the greater
part of the outer table to show the diploe, with its venous
sinuses.
177. The axis vertebra, vertically and longitudinally bisected.
0. C. 5767. Prepared in 1851.
178. The fifth cervical vertebra, vertically and longitudinally
bisected. 0. C. 5768. Prepared in 1851.
179. The seventh cervical vertebra, vertically and transversely
bisected. 0. C. 5769. Prepared in 1851.
180. A middle dorsal vertebra, vertically and longitudinally
bisected. 0. C. 5771. Prepared in 1^51.
181. The twelfth dorsal vertebra, vertically and transversely
bisected. 0. C. 5772. Prepared in 1851.
182. The second lumbar vertebra, vertically and transversely
bisected. 0. C. 5773. Prepared in i^dl.
183. The third lumbar vertebra, vertically and transversely
divided. 0. C. 5776. Prepared in 1851.
184. The fourth lumbar vertebra, vertically and longitudinally
bisected. 0. C. 5775. Prepared in 1851.
185. A lumbar vertebra, with a portion of the body removed to
show its internal structure. Purchased.
186. The sacrum, vertically and longitudinally bisected. O.C.
5777. Prepared in 1851.
187. The sacrum, vertically and transversely bisected.
188. The sacrum, transversely bisected through the middle of
the second vertebra. 0. C. 5778. Prepared in 1851.
189. The body of the sternum, longitudinally and transversely
bisected. 0. G. 5779. Prepared in 1851.
28 GENERAL OSTKOLOGY OF MAN.
190. The first rib, longitudinally bisected. 0. C. 5780.
Prepared in 1851.
191. A sixth rib, longitudinally and horizontally bisected. O.C.
5781. Prepared in 1851.
192. A sixth rib, longitudinally and vertically bisected. 0. C.
5782. Prepared in 1851.
193. The clavicle, longitudinally bisected. 0. C. 5783.
Prepared in 1851.
194. The left scapula, transversely bisected through the glenoid
cavity. 0. C. 5784. Prepared in 1851.
195. The upper portion of a similarly bisected scapula, in which
the texture of the coracoid and acromion is exposed in
longitudinal section. 0. C. 5785. Hunterian.
196. The upper portion of a similarly bisected scapula of a
child. O.C. 5786. Hunterian.
197. The upper portion of a similarly bisected scapula of an
infant. 0. C. 5787. Hunterian.
198. The posterior half of a longitudinally bisected humerus.
0. C. 5788. Hunterian.
198 ^ Longitudinal and transverse sections through the distal
extremity of the humerus.
Presented hy Dr. Edtcard Albert, 1902.
199. A radius, longitudinally bisected. 0. C. 5789.
Prepared in 1851.
200. An ulna, longitudinally bisected. 0. C. 5790.
Prepared in 1851.
201. The OS magnum, bisected. Purchased.
202. The three bones of the poUex, longitudinally Insected.
Purchased.
203. The right os innominatuni, with the illuin lungitudinally
bisected. 0. C. 5795. Hunterian.
204. The right ilium of a child, longitudinally bisected.
Hunterian.
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAN.
29
205. The left os innominatum, longitudinally bisected through
the acetabulum. 0. C. 5797. Hunterian.
206. The left os innonainatum, transversely bisected through the
acetabulum. O. C. 5798. Hunterian.
207. The binder half of a longitudinally bisected right femur.
0. C. 5799. - Hunterian.
208. The left femur, longitudinally bisected. 0. C. 5800.
Hunterian
209. The proximal part of a left femur, longitudinally bisected.
0. C. 5801. Hunterian.
210. The proximal part of a left femur, from the fore part of
which a section has been obliquely removed, passing
through the middle of the head. 0. C. 5802.
Hunterian.
211. A longitudinal section of the upper extremity of the
femur, prepared in illustration of a memoir by the donor,
" Ueber die innere Architectur der Knochen und ihre
Bedeutung fiir die Frage vom Knochenwachsthum," in
Virchow's ' Archiv,' vol. 1. p. 389 (1870).
Presented hy Dr. Julius Wolff, 1873.
212. Half of the longitudinally bisected proximal end of a femur,
from which a great proportion of the animal matter has
been removed, leaving the earthy part, and show^ing the
mechanical arrangement of the walls of the cancelli.
0. 0. 5803. Presented hy Edward Stanley, Esq.
212 ^ Longitudinal and transverse sections through the proximal
extremity of the femur.
Presented hy Dr. Edward Alhert, 1902.
213. Two portions of a longitudinally bisected shaft of a femur,
similarly prepared to No. 212. 0. C. 5804.
Presented hy Edward Stanley, Esq.
214. A longitudinal section from the distal end of a femur,
similarly prepared, showing with great clearness the
delicate and elegant reticular arrangement of the fine
columnar and lamellar walls of the cancelli. 0. C. 5805.
Presented hy Edward Stanlet/, Esq.
30
GEKERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAX.
214 ^ Longitudinal and transverse sections tlirough the distal
extremity of the femur.
Presented by Dr. Edward Albert, 1902.
215. The posterior half of a longitudinally bisected left tibia.
0. C. f)80fi. Hunterian.
215 ^ Longitudinal and transverse sections through the
proximal extremity of the tibia.
Presented by Dr. Edward Albert, 1902.
215 ^. Longitudinal and transverse sections throug-h the distal
extremity of the tibia.
Presented by Dr. Edward Albert, 1902.
216. A fibula, longitudinally bisected. 0. C. 5807.
Prepared in 1851.
217. A patella, vertically and transversely bisected.
218. An astragalus, bisected. Purchased.
219. A calcaneum, bisected. Purchased.
219'. Longitudinal and transverse sections through the cal-
caneum. Presented by Dr. Edward Albert, 1902.
220. A navicular bone, bisected transversely. Purchased.
221. A cuboid bone, bisected. Purchased.
222. The three bones of the hallux, longitudinally bisected.
Purchased.
Va) iations of the Human Skeleton in regard to Stature.
223. The articulated skeleton of Charles Byrne, who was exhi-
bited in London as"0"Brian, the L-isli Giant,*' and died
in 1783. 0. C. 5905.
The following record of the death of the individual to whom
this skeleton belonged is extracted from the ' Annual Eegister
Chronicle,' June 1783, vol. xxvi. p. 209: —
" In Cockspur Street, Charing Cross, aged only -'2. Jfr. Charles
Byrne, the famous Irish Giant, whose death is said to have been
precipitated by excessive drinking, to which he was always
addicted, fciit more particularly since his late loss of almost all
OSTEOLOGY OF ADULT MAN.
31
his property, which he had simply invested in a single bank note
of £700.
" Our philosophical readers may not be displeased to know,
on the credit of an ingenious correspondent who had opportunity
of informing himself, that Mr. Byrne, in August 1780, measured
eight feet; that in 1782 he had gained two inches ; and after
he was dead he measured eight feet four inches.
" Neither his father, mother, brother, nor any other person of
his family, was of an extraordinary size."
The above-named heights are evidently exaggerations, as the
actual height of the skeleton, in which due allowance appears
to be given for the intervertebral substances, is only slightly
above seven feet eight inches.
The posterior molars are in place ; and the epiphyses of the
long bones are united, though the crests of the ilia and posterior
borders of the scapulae are still free. The corresponding limb-
bones of the opposite sides present great differences in dimensions.
The bones of the cranium are thick and massive. The glabella,
supraorbital ridges, mastoid processes, all the muscular ridges
and the bones of the face, and especially the lower jaw, are
greatly developed ; but the alveolar arches and teeth are scarcely
larger than those of a man of ordinary stature. The squamosal
joins the frontal for more than half an inch on the left side, but
does not quite reach it on the right. The frontal region is low
and retreating, and the cranial cavity small for the external
size of the skull. The pituitary fossa was found to be large.
Height 2358 = 7 feet 8| inches. Estimated height from
Femur + Tibia (Topinard's method), 7 feet 10 inches, 2397 mm.
Clavicle, r. 228, I. 220 ; humerus, r. 450, I. 430 ; radius,
r. 334, I 325 ; hand, r. 255, I. 256 ; femur, r. 625, I. 642 ;
tibia, r. 541, I. 537 ; foot, r. 325, I. 318.
Cranium : C. 593, L. 214, B. 148, Bi. 692, H. 147, Hi. 687,
Ca. 1520.
A clever contemporary caricature sketch of O'Brian by Eow-
landson hangs in the office of the Conservator of the Museum ;
and a boot and a slipper which he wore are shown with the
skeleton.
Ilunferian.
224. The articulated skeleton of a man about seven feet in height,
who died in London in 1854, having been known us
" Freeman, the American Giant."
Height 2052 = 6 feet 8*5 inches. Estimated stature from
Femur + Tibia (Topinard), 7 feet 0-9 inches, 2167 mm.
32
GENERAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN.
Clavicle, r. 170, I. 175; humerus, )•. 413, I. 461; radius,
r. 300, I. 298 ; femur, r. 588, I. 588 ; tibia, r. 478, I. 477.
Cranium ; C. 540, L. 191, B. 145, Bi. 759, H. 149, Hi. 780,
Ca. 1630.
.Purchased .
225. The right os innomiiiatum, with the femur and tibia, o£ a
man of unusually large stature.
The length of the femur is 565. The tibia is approximately
510; but the inner side of the lower half has been lost and is
restored in wood. Accordiug to the calculation that tlie lengtli
of the femur is to the entire height as 275: 1000, this would
give a height of 2005, or 6 feet 6^ inches.
226. The right and left femurs of a person of great stature.
Length of the right femur 550, of the left 544.
227. The skeleton of a female child of iinusuallv stunted growtli
and arrested osseous development, who was exhibited in
London in 1824, under the name of " Caroline Crachami,
the Sicilian Dwarf," of the reputed age of nine years.
O.C. 5906.
Some particulars of her life and of the post mortem exami-
nation are given in Sir Everard Home's ' Lectures on Compara-
tive Anatomy,' vol. v. (1828), p. 191, from which the following
is extracted : — " The child when I oaw it could walk alone, but
with no confideDce. Its sight was very quick, mucli attracted
by bright objects, delighted Avith every thing that glittered,
mightily pleased with fine clothes, had a shrill voice, and
spoke in a low tone ; had some taste for music, but could speak
few words of English ; was very sensible of kiudness, and
quickly recognized any jjerson who had treated it kindly."'
The height of the skeleton is 19'8 inches = 505 millims.
Only the deciduous teeth are in place, of which tlie first upper
molars in both jaws have suffered decay. The right lateral
upper incisor would appear not to have been developed. The
fontanello is not quite closed ; and tlie ossification of the bones
of the trunk and extremities is scarcely more advanced tlian in
a child at birth.
"With this skeleton are preserved casts of the face, of the arm
and hand, and of a foot of the same individual, also the stockings
and ring which she wore ; and upon the staircase of Iloom 1.
is an oil painting from life, of tlie natural size, side and front
view, by A. Chalon.
J' ri'sciitfd h)/ Sir Errvtird floDio. liarL
DENTITION OF MAX.
33
II. DENTITION OF MAN.
The dental formula in adult man is : — i. |, c. |, p. |, m. =
total 32. The milk-teeth are :— i. f, c. {, m. |, =| : total 20.
228. The first set or milk-teeth of a child about two years of
age, wanting the posterior molars. Purchased, 1858.
229. The complete set of first or milk-teeth of a child about six
years of age.
230. A preparation of the upper and lower jaws of a child about
five years of age, showing the complete milk-dentition,
with the germs of the permanent teeth. The roots of
the teeth in place and the crowns of the successional teeth
are exposed by the removal of the outer alveolar walls.
Purchased, 1862.
231. A similar preparation from a child somewhat more ad-
vanced in age. Purchased, 1862.
231 \ A similar preparation. Sir Erasmus Wilson, 1883.
231^. Skull of child in which the roots of the teeth are
displayed, and also the crowns of the successional teeth.
Presented by .Tames Merryweather, Esq., 1888.
232. A preparation similar to No. 230 from a child about seven
years of age, the first permanent molars being in place,
as well as the milk-teeth. 0. 0. 5835.
Prepared for John Hitnter by his pnpil William Lynx,
afterwards President of the lloyal College of Surgeons.
Ilunterian.
233. The skull of a child about eight years of age, showing the
state of the dentition. All the milk-incisors are shed ;
the milk-molars and canines are retained. The central
permanent incisors and the first permanent molars are in
place. Presented hy G. W. Mackmurdo, Esq., 18G7.
234. A preparation of the upper and lower jaws of a nearly
adult person, showing the teeth in situ, with their roots
exposed. The posterior molars have not yet risen into
place. PxirchafH, 1862.
34:
DKNTITION OF MAN.
235. A portion of the human skull, including the upper and
lower jaws, from the right side of which the teeth have
been extracted and are displayed separately. O.C. 58.S3.
Hunterian.
236. The left side of the upper and lower jaws of an adult, in
which the roots of the teeth have been exposed by
removing the outer walls of the alveoli. 0. C. 5834.
Mus. Brookes.
237. A human premolar tooth, longitudinally bisected. 0. C.
5876. Presented hy Sir Everard Home, Bart.
The following twenty-one Hunterian specimens, to No. 258
inclusive, are described and figured in Hunter's work ' On the
Natural History of the Human Teeth,' 1771.
238. The left halves of the upper and lower jaws of a foetus of
five months, showing the common alveolar groove which
lodged the formative matrices of the teeth. 0. C. 583G.
The inner wall of the groove is most developed ; rudiraents
of the partitions appear at the bottom of the anterior alveoli.
Op. cit. pi. viii. tigs. 1 & 2.
239. The left halves of the up])er and lower jaAvs of a fcEtus
of seven months, showing the development of the inner
wall to an equality with the outer m all of the alveoli,
and the more or less completed partitions of the sockets
of the incisors and canines. 0. C. 5837.
Op. cit. jil. A'iii. figs. 3 & 4.
240. The left halves of the upper and low er jaws of a fa?tus
of eight months, showing the more nearly completed
sockets. A large vacuity still remains in the partition
between those of the two molars. 0. C. 5838.
Op. cit. pi. viii. figs. 5 & 6.
241. The right ramus of the lower jaw of apparently the same
feetus : the calcified germs of the two incisors and tlie
canine are displayed in sitv ; similar germs, with tlie
calcified summits of the pulps, of the two deciduous
molars :ire separately displayed. 0. C. 5839. •
DENTITION OF MAN.
.35
242. The lower jaw of an infant nine months old. 0. C, 5840.
The two mid incisors have cut the gum ; the crowns of the
outer incisor, canine, milk-molars, and first true molar may
be seen through the openings of the formative sockets, which
openings are contracted above the molars.
Ojp. cif. pi. viii. fig. 7.
243. The left ramus of the lower jaw of an infant of nine
months. 0. 0. 5841.
The mid incisor has cut the gum ; the crowns of the outer
incisor, canine, milk-molars, and first true molar are exposed
by the removal of the outer alveolar wall ; the calcified summits
of the permanent incisors and canine are exposed by the
removal of the inner alveolar wall. The dried remains of the
gum remain above the formative alveoli of the undeveloped
teeth.
244. Part of the right upper jaw of an infant nine months old.
O.C. 5842.
The mid incisor is beginning to cut the gam ; the crowns of
the outer incisor, canine, two milk-molars, and the calcified
summit of the first true molar and of the permanent mid incisor
are exposed by removal of the inner wall of the alveoli.
245. The left upper jaw of a young infant. 0. C. 5843.
The mid incisor and apparently the second incisor, which is
lost, have cut the gum ; the crowns of the canine and milk-
molars are seen in their formative sockets. The formative
sockets of the permanent incisors are shown, and also that of a
canine, or supernumerary tooth, behind them, with the calcified
germ of the tooth in an inverted position, the point being
directed upwards against the bony palate, and the pulp-cavity
opening towards the gum. The maxillo-premaxillary suture
remains on the palate and on the inner surface of the nasal
passage.
Op. cit. pi. viii. fig. 9.
246. The right upper jaw of apparently the same infant.
0. C. 5844.
The two incisors have cut the gun. The germ of a corre-
sponding canine, or supernuraorary tooth, is shown in a similar
inverted position.
V 2
36 DEXTITIOX OF MAN.
247. A section of the right upper jaw of a young infant.
0. C. 5845.
The two incisors ha\ e cut the gum ; the crowns of the canine,
milk-mohirs, and first true molars are exposed b}- the removal
of the outer alveolar wall, and the germs of the permanent
incisors by the removal of the inner alveolar wall.
248. A section of the lower jaw of a child. 0. C. 5846.
It shows the raid incisor and first milk-molar, and the sockets
of the intervening outer incisor and canine, from which the
teeth have been removed. The formative alveoli of the perma-
nent mid incisor and of the first bicuspid are also shown.
Two views of this preparation are given in the work ' On
the Teeth,' pi. ix., in which Hunter's description of fig. 2 is —
" The incisor of a child is standing in its socket, and the adult
incisor forming in a distinct socket, underneath " ; and of
fig. 3—" to show that the bicuspides are formed in distinct
sockets of their own, and not in the socket of the grinder,
which stands above."
249. The left upper maxillary hone of a child. 0. C. 5847.
The two milk-molars are in place : the canine has been
removed from its socket, and the premaxillary part of the jaw
removed to expose the germ of the permanent canine in its
formative socket. The germs of the first l)icus]jid and first true
molar are similarly exposed from the inner side. The crowns
of an incisor and canine are separately displayed.
250. A section of the right upper maxillary hone of a child.
0. C. 5848.
The two milk-molars arc in place. The deciduous incisors
and canine have been removed ; behind their sockets the calci-
fied summits of the permanent incisors may be seen through
the wide gubcrnacular oj)enings. The crown of the first true
molar may be seen in its formative socket.
251. The left maxillary and left ramus of the mandihle of a
child, in which the deciduous teeth had heen acquired
and the first true molar was beginning to rise into
place, being more advanced in the lower than the upper
jaw. 0. C. 5849.
The geims of the sncccssional teeth and of the second true
molars are exposed by the removal of the outer walls of their
formative alveoli.
DENTITIOX OF MAN.
37
These preparations are figured (reversed) in pi. ix. fig. 1,
op. cit., with the following description : — " One side of the
Upper and Lower-jaw of a subject about eight or nine years of
age, where the Incisores and Cuspidafi of the Foetus were
shed, and their successors rising in new sockets ; shewing
likewise the two Grinders of the child, with the Bicuspides
forming underneath. The first adult Grinder was ready to
cut the gum ; and the Second Grinder in the Lower-jaw is
lodged in the root of the coronoid process, and in the Upper-
jaw it is in the tubercle."
252. The left maxillary and a consider.ible proportion of the
mandible o£ a child, at the same stage of dentition as the
foregoino-. 0. C. 5850.
The second milk-molar is in place in the upper jaw ; the
alveoli of the antecedent milk-teeth have been removed to
expose those containing the calcified crowns of the permanent
incisors, canine, and first bicuspid. The first true molar is
exposed in its socket, and that of the second true molar is
shown behind. In the lower jaw the two milk-molars on
each side are left standing ; the crowns of the four permanent
incisors, canines, and anterior bicuspids are exposed by the
removal of the front walls of their formative sockets. The
crowns of the second bicuspids seem not to have begun to be
calcified.
253. The back part of the left ramus of the same lower jaw.
It shows the widely open alveolus of the first true molar,
the crown of which is there exposed, and the for-
mative socket of the second true molar. 0. C. 5851.
254. The right ramus o£ the lower jaw of a child. 0. C. 5852.
The deciduous series, viz. two incisors, a canine, and two
molars, are in place; the formative sockets of the suceessional
teeth and of the first and second true molars are exposed from
the inner side. The matrices of the second bicuspid and second
true molar had not begun to be calcified.
255. The left rami of four lower jaws of individuals at different
periods of life. (). C. 5853,
The youngest shows the five deciduous teeth in place ; the
next shows the two permanent incisors, the deciduous molars,
and first true molar, the second true molar rising into place,-
and the permanent canine exposed in its formative socket ; tho
38 DEKTITION OF MAX.
third shows the permanent incisors, canine, bicuspids, and first
and second true molars in place, all the deciduous teeth having
been shed ; the fourth shows the full permanent series.
These specimens are the subjects of fig. 2, pi. xvi., o^i. cit.,
■where they are represented larger than natural, and are thus
described : — " Fig. 2. Four Lower-jaws at different periods of
life, from the age when the five shedding teeth are completely
formed, to tliat of a complete set. This figure shows four
things: — 1. The lengthening of the jaw backwards, which is
seen by the oblique line made by the four condyles ; 2. The
gradual rise of the two processes above the line of the teeth ;
3. The gradual increase of the teeth in proportion as the jaw
lengthens ; and 4. The part formed, always keeping the same
size."
256. Sections of the right halves of the upper and lower jaws,
with the outer alveolar wall removed to expose the
implanted roots of the teeth. 0. C. 5854.
This specimen is the subject of fig. 1, pi. vi., op. cit., in the
description of which Hunter remarks : — The length of each
fang is at once seen with respect to its neighbour, and this kind
of articulation " (gomphosis) " pointed out at one view."
257. The left upper maxillary bone, in which the canine is
exposed in its socket, the crown not having been pro-
truded beyond the opening of the sockets of the con-
tiguous teeth. 0. C. 5855.
This specimen is the subject of fig. 8, pi. viii., o^). cit,, and is
described as follows : — " A sketch of an Upper-jaw where the
Cuspidatus of that side had been formed high up in the Jaw,
and, therefore, never would appear through the Gum."
258. The fore part of a human lower jaw, showing the incisors,
canines, and bicuspids, with their crowns worn down to
a flat surface. 0. C. 5856.
The following specimens, illustrative of the structure, deve-
lopment, and succession of the teeth, are arranged on slides, in
a glazed frame or case, and are mostly figured in John Hunter's
work ' On the Teeth.' Ilunterian.
259. The teeth on this slide (0. C. 5857) are the subjects of
plate V. np, cit., where ihey arc described as follows : —
DENTITION OF MAN.
39
" The sixteea teeth from one side of both jaws, taken out of
their sockets to expose the whole of each tooth.
"Row 1. — The teeth of the lower jaw; the five single are
similar to those of the upper jaw, but the grinders in this liavo
only two fangs.
" {a. a.) The two incisors.
"(6.) The cuspidatus ; showing, in the same view, how much
longer it is than the others. ,
" (c. c.) The bicuspides.
" {d. d.) The first two grinders, having two fangs.
" (e.) The third grinder, or dens sapientiae, having also but
two fangs.
" Row 2. — The teeth of the upper jaw ; the lettered references
apply to this as to the first row.
" («. a.) The two incisors, showing the hollowed inner surface
of the body of those teeth.
" (6.) The cuspidatus, showing the same.
" (c. c.) The bicuspides, showing the two points on the basis
of each ; the first of them has a forked fang.
" {d. d.) The first two grinders, having three fangs.
" (e.) The third grinder, or dens sapientiae, having also throij
fangs."
260. A slide supporting sections of the teeth of Man, the Horse,
and the Elephant, which have been subjected to the
action of fire in order to show more clearly the distinction
between the enamel and other constituents of the teeth,
the minute quantity of animal matter in the enamel not
affecting its colour when heated. Most of the specimens
are figured in plates xiv. & xv. op. cit., where they are
described as follows : —
" (a.) Fig. 17. — An incisor slit down its axis, to show the
enamel upon the body of the tooth, covering much more of the
convex than of the concave part."
'(6.) Fig. 18. — An incisor worn so much down as to expose
the whole end of the bony part, a circle only of enamel re-
maining."
" (c.) Fig. 16. — A cuspidatus, showing the same cir-
cumstance."
" (d.) Fig. 15. — A lateral view of the enamel of a bicuspis
cut longitudinally."
" (e.) A similar view of the enamel of a molaris."
" (/.) Fig. 14. — Another view of the enamel of a molaris."
40
DENTITION OF MAN.
" (g.) Fig. 12. — The basis of a raolaris whose points were
•worn down, and the bony part which projected into these
points exposed."
" (h.) Fig. 13. — A molaris, whose bony part is wholly
exposed, and only a circle of enamel left, covering the sides all
round.'
" («.) Fig. 20. — The griuding-surface of a horse's molaris, to
s'low the irregular course of the enamel."
(j.) A section of one of the denticuli of an Asiatic elephant's
molar, showing the dentine, enamel, and cement. Only a very
small proportion of the dentine or "bony part'' appears in
this section ; it is enclosed in the enamel.
(t.) A horizontal section of the molaris of a horse, to show
the course of the enamel. Both the dentine and cement are
blackened by the action of fire.
261. (Slide 4.) A series of teeth in longitudinal section, to show
the size and shape of their pulp-cavities. 0. C. 5859.
Three are canines, two bicuspids, and two molars. There
are also two transverse sections of fangs, the crown of a molar
not fully developed, and an upper molar with a large concretion
of tartar attached to it.
262. (Slide 5.) Longitudinal and transverse sections of human
permanent teeth. 0. C. 5860.
a. a. The incisors.
b. The canine.
c. A premolar or bicuspid, showing, by the double pulp-
cavity, that the apparently single fang consists of two connato
fangs.
c. A premolar, in which the two fangs are distinct at the
lower half of the root.
d. A molar, showing, by the double pulp-cavity of one of its
apparently single fangs, that this consists of two connate fangs.
(The above are the subjects of figs. 1-5 of pi. xiv. ojp. cit.)
e. A molar, with the pulp-cavity exposed in the crown and
one of the fangs broken away.
/. A molar,showing the divisions of the pulp-cavitj* continued
into the diverging fangs.
g. A transverse section of the crown of a molar, showing tho
part of the pulp-cavity next the grinding-surface.
h. A transverse section of the crown of a molar, showing the
part of the pulp-cavity next the fangs. (The two preceding
eppcimens are the subjects of figs. 8 & 9, pi. xiv. op. cit.)
DENTITION OF MAN.
41
t. This specimen is the subject of fig. 7, pi. xiv., where it is
thus described : — " A molaris of the lower jaw, with part of its
fangs sawed off, to show that the sides of the cavity or canal
Lave grown together, and divided it into two small canals,
which are represented by two dark points." In other words,
ihe two seemingly single fangs consist each of two connate
fangs.
263. (Slide 6.) A series of the deciduous teeth of a chil(], "from
their being complete to their utmost decay." There is
also a deciduous incisor of a horse, with the germ of the
permanent incisor about to succeed it. 0. C. 5861.
The human teeth are the subjects of figs. 2 & 3, pi. xiv.
op. cit.
264. (Slide, Div. 7.) "The teeth of one side of both jaws, from
a child of five or six years of age." 0. C. 5862.
The deciduous incisors are completed, and the crowns of
their successors formed. The fang of the deciduous canine is
not quite complete ; and the crown of the successor is about
half-formed. The fangs of the first milk-molars are nearly
completed ; and the summit of the first upper premolar has
begun to be calcified. The fangs of the second milk-molar are
half-formed and widely open ; the second premolar has not
begun to be calcified. The crown of the first true molar is
more than half-formed.
These are the subjects of fig. 1, pi. x. op. cit.
265. (Slide, Div. 8.) " The teeth of one side of both jaws, from
a child of seven } ears of age." 0. C. 5863.
The fang of the first deciduous incisor is partially absorbed,
more in the upper than the lower tooth ; part of the fang of
the succeeding incisor is formed. Of the second incisor a
smaller proportion of the fang of the deciduous tooth is
absorbed, and of that of the permanent one is developed. The
-whole of the deciduous canine, and of the crown of the perma-
nent one, are completed. The fangs of the upper milk-molars
are more absorbed than those of the lower ones, and the crowns
of the upper premolars are proportionally more advanced. The
whole of the crown, with the beginning of the root of the first
true molar, is now formed. These teeth form the subjects of
fig, 9:, pi. X. op. cit. ; and in the description of the plate the
author remarks : — " This is an age in which there are more
42
■DENTITION OF MAN.
teeth formed and forming than at any other time of Ufe —
forty-four in the whole."
266. (Slide, Div. 9.) " The teeth from one side of both jaws of
a child eight or nine years old, principally to show
the progress of the second set and the beginning and
decay of the first set." 0. C, 5864.
The first deciduous incisor of the lower jaw has heen shed,
and the crowns of the second permanent molars have been
formed. The fangs of the first true molars are more lengthened,
and those of the milk-molars more absorbed.
These teeth form the subjects of fig. 1, pi. xi. : and, according
to Hunter's own showing, a greater number of formed and
forming teeth coexist in the jaws of a child at the age here
exemplified than at that characterized by the teeth in No. 265.
As the crowns of the second true molars are always more or
less calcified before any of the deciduous incisors are shed, the
number of " formed and forming " teeth in the jaws at such
period (commonly from seven to eight years of age) is
forty-eight, viz. twenty deciduous teeth, twenty permanent
successors, and eight superadded true molars.
267. (Slide, Div. 10.) " The teeth from one side of both jaws
of a youili about eleven or twelve years old, showing
the further progress of the one set towards perfection,
and of the other towards decay." 0. C. 5865.
The deciduous incisors and canines have been shed, and the
permanent ones have cut the gum. The fang of the canine is
not yet complete. The second incisors have not been preserved
in this series. The first upper premolar has come into place,
and has pushed out its predecessor ; the first lower milk-molar
and the second in both jaws remain, with their fangs much
absorbed. Only the base of the fangs of the premolars is
formed ; the first true molars have the fangs nearly complete ;
the enamel seems to have been dissolved away from tho
summit of the crown by an acid. The crown of the second
true molar is complete ; that of the third, or " dens sapienti;r,"
is only beginning to be calcified. Tlie above teeth form tho
subjects of fig. 2, pi. xi. op. cit.
268. (Slide, Div. 11.) The teeth from one side of both jaws of
a youth about fourteen years of age. 0. C. 5866.
The permanent incisors and canines are iu place ; but the
DENTITION OF MAN.
43
deciduous molars have not been shed : their fangs are much
absorbed, and those of their successors are half-formed ; the
fangs of the second true molar are in a similar state ; and the
crown of the third true molar is more advanced, especially iu
tlie upper jaw.
269. (Slide, Div. 12.) The teeth from one side of both jaws of
a youth about eighteen years of age. 0. C. 5867.
The premolars or bicuspids are complete, and have pushed
out the milk-molars, all the deciduous series being now shed.
The fangs of the second true molar are complete in the lower
jaw, but not in the upper jaw. The third true molar shows
a corresponding advance of development in the lower jaw.
270. (Slide, Div. 13.) The calcified summits of the crowns of
the deciduous teeth (viz. two incisors, canine, and two
molars) " from one side of both jaws of a foetus of seven
or eight months, showing the progress of ossification ; "
this is greatest in the first incisor, and decreases to the
last molar. 0. C. 5868.
The specimens are the subjects of fig. 4, pi. ix. op. cit.
271. (Slide, Div. 14.) The calcified portions of the crowns of
the deciduous teeth, from one side of both jaws, of a
foetus of the ninth month. (Fig. 5, pi. ix. op. cit.)
0. C. 5869.
272. (Slide, Div. 15.) The deciduous mid-incisors, canines, and
molars, with the calcified summits of the crowns of the
permanent second incisors and first molars, from one
side of both jaws of a child eight or nine months old.
0. C. 5870.
These specimens are included in fig. 6, pi. ix. oj). cit. of
the entire series, which are described as " the five temporary
teeth in a more advanced state, with the first adult grinder.
The adult incisors and one cuspidatus are also begun to be
formed ; " but, by an error of the press, " years " is given for
" months " in the description of the plate. In the text the
specimens are rightly abscribed to an infant of eight or nine
months.
273. (Slide, Div. 16.) The moieties of longitudinally bisected
deciduous and permanent incisors at four stages of their
44 DENTITIOX OF MAX.
development, showing " the gradual growth of the body,
fangs, and cavity ; " the lower row is of the permanent
set. (Fig. 2, a, h, c, d, pi. xiii. op. cit.) 0. C. 5871.
274. (Slide, Div. 17.) The moieties of longitudinally bisected
deciduous and permanent molars at three stages of
growth. The pulp-cavity is relatively larger in the
completed deciduous than in the completed permanent
molar. (Fig. 2, e, f, g, pi. xiii. op. cit.) 0. C. 5872.
275. (Slide, Div. 18.) Eight specimens of p(n-manent incisors at
different stages of development. 0. C. 5873.
These are the subjects of fig. 8, pi. xiii. op. cit., where thej'
are described as "showing the gradual growth of a single tooth,
from its first formation nearly, to its being almost complete ; "
some of the specimens, however, arc of the first incisor, some
of the upper, some of the lower incisors.
276. (Slide, Div. 19.) Six specimens of the first true molar of
the lower jaw. 0. C. 5874.
" They show the formation of the cavity and fangs of the
molares of the lower jaw.
" {a.) Shows the common cavity in the body of the tooth.
"(6.) Shows the cavity still deeper.
" (c.) Shows the bony arch thrown over the mouth of the
cavity, and dividing that into two openings, which give origin
to the two fangs.
" {d, e, f.) Show the progress of these fangs." Oj). cit.
pi. xiii. fig. 1, A, «, B, C, D, E.
277. (Slide, Div. 20.) Five specimens of the fii-.'<t true molar of
the upper jaw, similarly displayed. 0. C. 5875.
" ((/.) Shows the common cavity of the tooth,
" (7t.) Shows the slight tucking-in of the mouth of the cavity
at three different points, from which three ossifications shoot.
" (i.) Shows these ossifications, and the beginning of three
fangs.
"(t, I.) Show the gradual growth of these fangs." Op. cit.
pi. xiii. fig. 1, A, rt, F, G, H, I, K*.
* The foregoing descriptions of the Ilunterian speciracus illustrating human
dentition are reprinted, witli slight verbal corrections, from the Catalogue of
1803.
SPECIAL OSTEOLOGY OK MAX.
45
III. SPECIAL OSTEOLOGY OF MAN,
or Illustrations of the Osteolosical Characters of the various
Races of Mankind.
a 1. EARLY RACES OF MAN.
The following specimens, consisting of bones and casts of
bones of Prehistoric and early races of Man, have either been
presented by Mr. N. C. Macnamara or selected by him from
the Anthropological Series; to him also we are indebted for the
descriptions. They serve to show the low type of the earliest
remains of Man, and the changes they underwent before the
Historic Period. The original numbers of these specimens have
been appended to each description. For measurements and
fuller details reference should be made to these either in this
Catalogue (where they are inserted in their proper serial order)
or in that of the Barnard Davis Collection.
A. Paleolithic.
The formations included under this term are distinguished by con-
taining the rudest shapes of stone implements made by man, together
with the remains of mammals some of which are extinct, while others
no longer inhabit the districts where their bones have been found.
" The upper river-terraces rising sometimes 80 or 100 feet above the
jiresent level of the rivers, belong to a very ancient period in the history
of the excavation of the valleys " *. In some of these river-terraces
numerous chipped flint instruments made by man have been found,
together with the remains of Eleplias j^rhnigenms and antiquus, lihino-
ccros tichorhinus, Hippopotamus major, Ursus spelceus, and other extinct
mammals. The high river gravels of the Somrae, and the valleys of
the South-east of England have been specially prolific in these traces
of primitive man.
Several of the specimens in our collection have been cast from
human remains found in deposits of earth in certain limestone caverns.
The earth in these caverns had been deposited from water, and then
covered over by layers of stalagmite. In some of these caverns, strata
* ' Class-book of Geology,' by Sir Archibald Geikie, p. 361.
46
EARLY RACES OF MAN.
of earth and stalagmite have been superimposed one above the other
to the extent of five or six la)'ers. In the deepest, and therefore the
most ancient of these layers, the remains of man of a primitive tj-pe
have been found, together with chipped flint weapons and the bones
of extinct animals. In la3-ers of earth above the most ancient strata,
human remains have been discovered of a higher type than the more
ancient ones, together with more perfectly worked flints, and also bone
and horn instruments. Above these again layers containing sun-baked
pottery, and the remains of man and existing species of animals are
found ; these have been preserved by means of the layers of stalagmite
which have formed over them, and so afford us a singularly interesting
record of some of the beings who in far distant ages inhabited Western
Europe.
The stone or flint instruments which were made by man during the
Quaternary were preceded, as their skulls are, by those of the Tertiary
epoch ; some of these more ancient flints have been found in the valley
of the Tagus and elsewhere in Europe,
The rough flint weapons of the earlier Palaeolithic era have been
discovered in such large numbers in the high river gravel at Chelles
and St. Acheul, that they are commonly known as ' Chellien ' and
' Acheulien ' flints.
The flints of the later Palaeolithic period are recognized by their
more perfect form and the careful way in which thej' have been
chipped. They are known as the ' Magdalenien ' stone instruments.
Many of them are of lance-like shape, having sharp edges and pointed
extremities ; they could be fixed in a cleft stick so as to be used as a
spear or javelin. The people of this period also made use of bone and
horn instruments and weapons ; the handles of some of these are
engraved with figures representing men and animals then inhabiting
Western Europe.
278. Cast of ' Tho Java ' calvaria {Pithecanthropus eredus).
This calvaria was discovered in a Terti iry volcanic formation
by Dr. Eugene Dubois, who was commissioned by the Dutch
Government to examine certain well-known fossil-bearing strata
in Java. Together with this calvaria, and within a short
distance of it. Dr. Dubois found a femur and two molar teeth.
These remains have been submitted for examination to most of
the leading Anatomists of Europe ; there is no difference of
opinion as to the femur being that of a human being of a very
low type. With regard to the skull and teeth, doubts have
been expressed by eminent anatomists as to their being those of
a human being ; the calvaria especially much resembling that
of anthropoid apes. The cranial capacity of the Java skull is
PALAEOLITHIC.
47
believed to be about 950 c.c, that of the largest gorilla is
645 c.c, and the capacity of the Neanderthal human skull is
1220 c.c, while that of an average male Englishmau of the
present day is 1540 c.c.
278 1 & 278". Casts o£ the Spy calvaria.
The calvaria from which these casts were taken were found,
with other human bones, resting on a bed of calcareous rock ;
they were covered over by four well-defined beds of debris and
clay. In the strata immediately above the one in which the
human remains were discovered, the bones of the Rhinoceros
ticliorinus. Mammoth, and Hyaena were found, together with
flint weapons of the Mousterien type. These remains of Palaeo-
lithic man were unearthed with the greatest care from a terrace
of rock in front of the Spy cave, a place overlooking the river
Orneau in Belgium. The No, 1 Spy calvaria has prominent
supraorbital ridges, low, narrow, and retreating forehead, and
other characters of the Java and Neanderthal crania. No. 2
Spy cranium is less simian in character. They are both of them
dolichocephalic, having a cranial index of 70 and 74 respec-
tively.— For a description and plan of the Spy Cave and the
locality in which the human remains were found, see Prof. G,
de Mortillet's ' Formation de la Nation Fran§aise,' p. 284.
278 A cast o£ the Neanderthal calvaria.
This calvaria, with other parts of the human skeleton, was
found in a limestone cave near Hochdal, between Diisseldorf
and Elberfeld. The cave is some 60 feet above the bottom o£
the valley; it is lofty enough to admit a man. The floor was
covered with 4 or 5 feet of earth, in which the skeleton was
found. A similar cave near by yielded remains of the
elephant, rhinoceros, cave-bear, and other extinct forms of
mammals. The low receding and narrow forehead, closed
sutures, largely developed occipital region, and other features,
place this calvaria among those belonging to the early
Palaeolithic period. The cranial index of this dolichocephalic
calvaria is 72, and its probable capacity about 1220 c.c. See
description and figures of this skull in Prof. Huxlev's
' Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature,' p. 136.
College Catalogue, No. 544.
278 ^. Cast of the Sligo calvaria.
The original of this calvaria is in the Natural History
Collect ion of the British Museum. The exact position or
EARLY RACES OF IIAN.
geological relations of the locality in which this remarkahle
calvaria was found have not been preserved. Eut the form of
the cranium, consolidation of sutures, promineut supraorhital
ridges, low and narrow forehead, are characteristic of human
beings of the Palaeolithic period in Europe.
278 \ A cast of the Tilbury skull.
The original from which this cast was taken is in the Natural
Histor)' Collection of the British Museum. This portion of a skull
and other parts of a human skeleton were found in the gravel
at Tilbury Docks, at a depth of 84 feet, and were submitted to
R. Owen, who described them as being those of a Palaeolithic
man (Proc. .Roy. Soc. vol. xxxvi. p. 136). The prominent supra-
orbital ridges, simple or closed sutures, and other characters
confirm his opinion as to this specimen being that of a Palaeo-
lithic human being, but of a somewhat higher type than the
Neanderthal, and other skulls above referred to. This im-
provement in tj'pe is evident from the more fully developed
frontal region of this skull, permitting of increase in the size
of the anterior lobes of the brain.
278^. Cast of the Eguisheim calvaria.
The fragments of this human cranium were discovered in a
river-deposit at Eguisheim near Colmar (Lower Rhine). In
conjunction with this portion of a human skull, bones of the
mammoth, elephant, and other extinct animals were found.
The human remains and those of the animals referred to were
not only close to one another, but were also in precisely the
same state of fossilization. The simple, almost closed sutures
of this calvaria, and its other characters place it among those
of Palaeolithic man. — See Prof. Boyd Dawkins's 'Early Man in
Britain,' p. 167,
278 ^ The Gibraltar cranium.
A mutilated cranium, remarkable for the low retreating
forehead, prominent supraorbital ridges, and peculiar confoi-
mation of the maxillae. From a quarry behind "Forbes
Battery," in the brecciated talus under the North Front of the
Rock of Gibraltar.
See Bioca, ' Cranes et Ossements humaines des Cavernes
de Gibraltar,' Bulletin de la Soc. d'Anthropol. de Pari-i,
18G9, 2^ ser. t. vi. pp. 146-148. Reprinted iu Memoires
d'Anihropolof/ie, t. ii. p. 370, fig. 55 (p. 377).
College Catalogue, No. S>71.
PALEOLITHIC.
49
278". Cast of the Malarnaud lower jaw.
The bone from which this cast was taken was found in a bed
of clay which constituted the floor of a cave in the valley of the
Arize (Ari^ge). In strata superimposed above the lowest bed
of clay in which this mandible was found, and separated from
it by layers of stalagmite, the bones of the Ursus spelceus,
rhinoceros, lion, and panther were discovered. The inferior
border of this jaw where the prominence of the chin should
be recedes and is of a simian character. The sockets of the
anterior and posterior molars are of the same size. — See
Prof. G. de Mortillet's ' Formation de la Nation Fran§aise,'
p. 282.
278 ®. Cast of the Naulette lower jaw.
The original bone from which this cast was moulded was
found in a cave near Dinant, in a layer of clay which also con-
tained the remains of the mammoth, rhinoceros, and other
extinct animals. The entrance to the Naulette cave, is situated
about 28 feet above the existing bed of the river Lesse,its floor
was covered to the depth of 11 metres by clay soil, which is
separated into layers by seven deposits of stalagmite. It was
under five of these stalagmite floors that this human jaw
was found with other bones of the skeleton. The absence of
the mental prominence and other features of this mandible
are simian in character. — See Proc. of the Geologists' Assoc.
vol. XV. p. 251 (E. T. Newton, F.R.S., on PalceoUthie Man).
278 Cast of a lower jaw belonging to one of the Spy skulls.
The original mandible from which this cast was made was
found with the Spy skulls. In its general outline and character
it resembles tho lower jaw of one of the anthropoid apes more
closely than it does that of the existing inhabitants of Western
Europe.
A cast of the Tilbury lower jaw (mounted with 278
The original from which this was taken was found with the
Tilbury skull above described. Like th& cranium, this mandible
is less simian in character than the remains of tho men who
lived in Western Europe during the earlier Palaeolithic period.
278" & 278 1^ The femurs of the Spy and Tilbury skeletons
suggest that the primitive people of Western Europe
were a small and extremely muscular race. Their
6.0
EAKLY RACES OF MAN.
stature did not probably exceed 5 feet to 5 feet 2 inches.
In these skeletons the lower articulation of the femur
is prolonged backwards to such an extent, as to suggest
the idea that this race of men walked with their knee-
joints somewhat bent.
278 278^^. The tibi?e of these skeletons are ape-like in
character, being tlattened from side to side, while the
upper articular surfaces are such as to correspond with
those of the lower extremity of the femur.
The bones of their arms, like those of the lower
extremities, indicate great muscular development in the
individuals to which thev bolontjed.
B. Neolithjc.
In this divi.siou we find from its earlier to the later period a gradual,
hut distinct improvement in the workmanship of the stone implements
used by man. Many of the stone axe-heads are ground to a fine
polish, and the lance- and arrow-heads are beautifully formed. The
remains of the Irish elk, and of the reindeer, the wild ox, grizzly bear,
beaver, and wild boar, are found with human remains of this period
over the whole of Europe including our Islands. Eeyond this, as
Sir A. Geikie observes, " as tribe after tribe of human beings migrated
into Europe from some region in Asia, they brought with them the
animals they had domesticated — the hog, horse, sheep, goat, short-
horn, and dog." The remains of these creatures are found in the
river-gravels, cave-tloors, peat-bogs, raised beaches, and other geolo-
gical forma'.ions of this period. From the form of their skulls and
other remains, there is evidence to show that the descendants of the
early Iberian (Palteolithic) race of human beings sjiroad over Europe
throughout the Neolithic period. In addition to the Iberians we
recognize during the Neolithic period the advent into Western Europe
of the, so-called, Cro-Magnon stock. These people were a tall, power-
ful race, having capacious skulls which were of the dolichocephalic
type like the Iberians. But the latter were a short race of people,
who seem neither to have buried or to have paid any respect to their
dead. On the other hand, the Cro-Magnon race built the long
dolmens in wliicl^^to bury their chiefs, and in which to perform various
religious ceremonies in connection with their belief in the immortality
of the souls of the departed. Prom evidence of this kind it seems
probable that these tall, long-bkullcd people passed from the East into
NEOLITHIC.
51
Europe during the Neolithic period, probably intermarrying with the
Iberians.
Among our collection of Neolithic skulls will be found some crania
of a totally different race from those above referred to. These are the
skulls of people who inhabited some of the islands of Denmark during
the Neolithic period. Their remains are also found in Holland, the
North of France, the North of England and Ireland. They were a
tall, short-skulled or brachycephalic race, having a cranial index of 80
and upwards. The characteristic features of their skulls are those
of the Mongolian race of Northern Asia ; they inhabited the part of
Europe above referred to before the Bronze age.
279. Tlie Engis cranium.
A cast of this cranium was presented to the Museum by
Sir Charles Lyell ; its cranial index is 70, and its capacity
large. This cranium was found in the Engis cave near Liege
in a mass of breccia, together with the remains of extinct, and
of some existing mammals ; worked flint implements of the
early Neolithic type, and coarse earthenware were discovered
close to these human remains. The form of the cranium, the
pottery, and the character of the flint weapons lead us to place
this specimen among those belonging to the early Neolithic or
post-Glacial period of Europe. Sir Charles Lyell describes, and
has a drawing of this skull in his work on the Antiquity of
Man, p. 80. Prof. Huxley also in his ' Man's Place in Nature,'
p. 120, gives an account of the Engis skull ; he states that " it
is quite safe to assume that this skull takes us, at least, the
further side of the vague biological limit which separates the
present geological epoch from that which immediately preceded
it."
College Catalogue, No. 545.
279 ^ 279 \ 279 ^ Casts o£ the Cro-Magnon skulls.
The originals from which these casts where taken were found
together with other human bones buried in the upper strata
of a natural cave near Les Eyzies (Dordogne). In the strata
below this sepulchre the remains of the Palaeolithic inhabitants
of this cave were discovered, but the Cro-Magnon skeletons
were found in a distinctly Neolithic formation. As in the case
of the Mentone, so also in this sepulchre, there were three
skeletons : first, that of a powerful, tall old man 6 feet high,
"with a cranial index of 73'76 and cranial capacity of 1590 c.c. ;
second, a female with a cranial index of 71"72 ; and third,
a j-ounger man with a cranial index of 74'75. The foro-
e2
52
KARLY RACES OF MAN.
heads of these people were ■well developed, and so was the
occipital region ; the bones of their faces indicated a well-
shaped nose, the upper part of the face being broad as com-
pared with its length, with a well-formed chin and lower jaw.
— See Prof. Boyd Dawkins's ' Cave Hunting,' p. 225 ; Prof. G.
de Mortillet's ' Formation de la Nation Frangaise,' p. 311.
College Catalogue, Nos. 351, 352, 353.
279^. Skull found in the Rodmarton Dolmen.
This long-chambered dolmen is situated some six miles to
the south-west of Cirencester ; its length is about 180 feet
and breadth 70 feet ; the height near the east end is 8 feet.
Some 25 feet from the eastern end of the dolmen upright stones
were found, with a slanting stone resting against them, and
from the remains of charcoal and the bones of numerous
animals, it seems probable it was here that certain funeral
rites took place, and sacrifices to the dead were eaten. Near
the centre of the tumulus there was a chamber which was
entered from the south by a passage cut in the stones, like a
port-hole, through which access to the chamber could be made
in a creeping posture ; outside this a narrow gallery formed of
upright stones led to the outside of the tumulus. The chamber,
which was full cf rubble, contained bits of coarse pottery. In
another chamber opposite, and 30 feet distant from the one
above described, also formed by upright stones, the skeletons
of thirteen people, deposited in a crouched position, were found
together with some rude pottery, an axe of green stone ground
and polished, two finely-chipped flint leaf-shaped arrow-heads
of the early Neolithic type, and lastly a few charred bones.
All the skulls are dolichocephalic, four of them being deeply
cleft through the whole of the frontal bone. — See description
and fig,, ' Crania Britannica,' pi. lix. Barnard Davis Cat., p. 8,
No. 1210 (revised No. 29).
27'.1'\ The Muskham cranium was discovered in the valley of
the River Trent.
Prof. Huxley was of opinion that this cranium belonged to
an adult male, although small enough for a female ; it closely
resembles and is probably the cranium of one of the Iberian
inhabitants of Britain. See ' Prehistoric Remains of Caithness,'
p. 123. With the human remains bones of existing species
of animals were found, and it may be assigned to tlie Neo-
lithic period. Cranial index 77*5.
College Catalogue, No. 289.
NEOLITHIC.
53
279 A Welsh mutilated cranium from the Dolmen at Porth-y-
Ddarfarch, Anglesea.
This cranium is described and figured by Prof. Huxley in the
* Prehistoric Remains of Caithness,' p. 123. It belongs to the
same period and race of people as the preceding cranium.
College Catalogue, No. 339.
279 ^ The Nore cranium.
This cast is taken from a cranium found in the bed of the
river Nore, in Queen's County, Ireland ; cranial index 73"8.
Professor Huxley refers to this cranium in his work on the
' Prehistoric Remains of Caithness,' p. 123 : he states that it is
a good example of the " river-bed " crania of the inhabitant;S
of our islands in the Neolithic Period.
College Catalogue, No. 347.
279 ^ The Moen cranium.
A cast of this brachy cephalic cranium taken from " a gallery-
grave" on the Island of Moen, Denmark. Many of the skeletons
found in these graves are those of a tall, broad-skulled race of
men who inhabited parts of the North of Europe, and of
England and Ireland during the Stone age. This cranium is
described and figured in Nilsson's work on the Primitive In-
habitants of Scandinavia, edited by Lubbock (1868), p. 121,
pi, xii. figs. 230, 231 ; also Memoirs Anthrop. Soc. London,
vol. i. p. 510.
College Catalogue, No. 551,
279 ^ The Newbio-gin skull.
This fine brachycephalic skull was found in a complex
flagged cist near Kirkwall (Orkneys). The cranial index is
83. — See fig. and description, ' Crauia Britannica,' pi. xxi.
Barnard Davis Cat., p. 11, No. 376 (revised No. 162).
279 10 & 279 The Meudon skulls.
These casts were taken from skulls found in the famous long
Dolmen of Meudon, south of the river Seine (near Versailles), in
which two hundred skeletons were found. Two small (Neolithic)
stone axes, and two vases of sun-dried pottery were discovered
in this dolmen. The point of interest in these human remains
is, that previously to the Bronze age we find that men of the
long- and broad-skulled races were buried together. It is
54
EARLY RACES OF MAN.
probable that this brachycephalic skull belonged to one of the
same race of people as those found in the Island of Moen, the
dimensions of the skull and its other features point to this
conclusion. See description and drawings of these skulls in
the Memoirs Anthrop. Soc. London, vol. i. pp. 135, 492.
Barnard Davis Cat., p. 71, Nos. 558, 559 (revised Nos. 226,
227).
C Bronze,
The Erouze succeeded the Neolithic epoch, and is characterized
among the inhabitants of Europe by the introduction, and subsequent
substitution, of Bronze instruments and weapons for those of stoue,
bone, and horn. Throughout this period the Palaeolithic and Neolithic
races continued to spread, and to flourish over the whole of Europe.
In the Bronze age, however, we have clear evidence of the migration
into Western Europe of a race of men who had previously to that
epoch been unknown in this part of the world. These new comers
spread over France and into our Islands ; they probably intermarried
with the pre-existing inhabitants, and it was from the mingling of the
descendants of the Palaiolithic, the Neolithic, and Bronze-age people
that the Ancient British stock was formed.
The collection of skulls in our Museum affords us specimens of the
crania of the Bronze-age race. They were Brachycephalic, broad-
skulled, and were a dark, small people, who were in the habit of
burning the bodies of their dead ; their skulls are consequently less
numerous than we might otherwise have expected. Cinerary urns
containing the ashes of the bodies of these people, and the round
Barrows in which their remains were deposited cover the Wiltsliire
hills, and are common in many other parts of Great Britain, Central
Europe, and parts of Asia. The deep nasal notch, receding external
margin of the orbits, prominent cheek-bones, with the rounded contour
of these crania, are characteristic features of the skulls of the short
brachycephalic race, — the makers and traders in Bronze instruments
of prehistoric times in Europe. They were the people who built and
dwelt in the numerous Lake-villages of Switzerland and other parts of
Europe, including those found in various parts of Great Britain. Their
original racial home was probably the South-east of Asia, where
alluvial tin is found in great abundance. They appear to have learnt
how to mix tin and copper ores in such proportions as to form bronze,
which from its hardness and toughness was invaluable to the inhabitants
of Europe, who, up to the close of the Bronze period, were un-
acquainted with the properties of iron. Together with bronze instru-
ments, numerous articles made of Jade. Nephrite, nnd Chloromelanite,
BRONZE,
55
minerals which are not indigenous to Europe but are found in abund-
ance in the East of Asia, have been discovered with the remains of the
Lake-dwellers.
280. The Codford skull.
A Brachycephalic skull found in one of the numerous oblong
Barrows which cover the country around Stonehenge. It is a
typical Mongoloid cranium, with deep depression at the root of
the nose, and having a cranial index of 85-3. The skull is
that of a man belonging to the Bronze period in England. It
is described and figured in the ' Crania Britanuica,' pi. xiv.,
and was discovered at Codford, near Heytesbury, S. Wilts.
Dr. Thurnam has collected and measured 25 skulls from the
round Barrows in various parts of Great Britain ; their mean
cranial index is 80, " not one skull, properly speaking, being
dolichocephalic," Memoirs Anthrop. Soc. London, vol. iii. p. 48.
The skulls of these people are comparatively rare, as they were
in the habit of burning the bodies of their dead.
College Catalogue, No. 297.
280 \ The Green-Gate-Hill skull.
This skull formed part of one of two skeletons which were
found in the Green-Gate-Hill Barrow, Yorkshire. The skeletons
in this Barrow were, as was usual at this period, placed in the
sitting posture with the knees drawn up towards the chin. In
the same barrow burnt human bones were discovered, indicating
the practice of cremation, probably of the slaves of the Chief
whose bones were found in this barrow. The cranial index of
this skull is 80. The abrupt prominence of the nasal bones
rising from the deep depression below the marked supraorbital
ridges is characteristic of the Mongoloid type of skull. — See
' Crania Britannica,' pis. iii. & iv.
Barnard Davis Cat., No. 97 (revised No. 21), p. 4.
280^. Sunderland cranium.
This cranium was found in a cist (in North Sunderland) which
also contained three cinerary urns. The cranium was that of a
person not more than ten years of age, the permanent canines,
the second premolar and second molar teeth not having been
cut. The cranial index is 81; and the general characters of the
cranium indicate that it belonged to one of the short, broad-
skulled race of people who migrated into Britain during the
Bronze period.
B. Davis Cat., No. HIS (revised No. 28), p. G.
56
EARLY RACES OF MAN.
280 ^. Tho Dorset cranium.
A small Brachycephalic cranium of the same type as the pre-
ceding Bronze-age skulls, and having a cranial index of 87'6.
It was found in a railway-cutting in Dorset.
B. Davis Cat. No. 220 (revised No. 25), p. 4.
280 \ Orcadian skull.
A Brachycephalic skull (cranial index 80) found in a flagged
cist in the parish of Rindall, Island of Pomona.
B. Davis Cat. No. 583 (revised No. 164), p. 13.
D. Ancient British.
In Western Europe the Bronze was succeeded by the Iron period ;
the use of this latter metal gradually superseding Bronze. It is not
probable that Iron was extensively employed by the inhabitants of
England before the j'ear b.c. 1000 to 700, and in Ireland not until
near the commencement of the present era.
The collection of skulls and casts in our Museum affords us good
examples of the form of the crania of tho inhabitants of our islands
before the occupation of England by the Eomans. These skulls
indicate the continued existence in Great Britain of the races who
spread over Western Europe during the Bulseolithic, Neolithic, and
Bronze periods. In addition, from these crania we learn that these
long- and broad-skulled people had intermarried and a cross-breed had
thus been formed, for the cranial index of many of their descendants
ranges from 76 to 79. (The cranial index of the Dolichocephalic race
being below 75, and the Brachycephalic above 80.)
Some of the crania of the ancient Britons not only indicate the race
of men to which they belonged, but they are also remarkable for their
capacity. The Linton Heath skull, for example, has a cranial capacity
of 1780 c.c, much above that of the average Englishman of the present
day. This fact may possibly be accounted for by these remains being
those of an ancient British chief, a man elevated to this position on
account of his valour and strength, and whose body after death would
have been carefully interred, and his burial-place held in honour by
succeeding generations.
281. The Gristhorpe skull.
The original skull from which this cast was taken was dis-
covered in a Barrow at Gristhorpe, N. Biding, Yorkshire.
Within this barrow was a coflBn hollowed out of a split oak
tree, in which was the skeleton of a man some 6 feet 2 inches
ANCIENT BRlTISir.
57
in height ; together with these humau remains a bronze dagger
was found. This massive skull, with its high cheek-boaes,
deep nasal arch, and bra chy cephalic form, is characteristic of
the type of skull before referred to as having existed from the
Stone period onwards in the islands of Denmark, and the north
of Europe. Cranial index 83"6.
B. Davis Cat. No. V23 (revised No. 23), p. 3.
281 \ The Linton Heath skull (Cambridge.^hire).
One of many human skulls found in this locality, most of
them were so brittle that when touched they crumbled to
pieces. The skull is of the same type as the above, and
belongs to the same period ; its cranial index is 80'7.
College Catalogue, No. 318. See pi. xlix., ' Crania Britan-
nica,' and description,
281 2. The Witney skull (Brighthampton, Oson).
The skull of an ancient Briton belonging to the largo
Brachycephalic race; having a cranial index of 81*1.
College Catalogue, No. 322.
281 ^. A Dolichocephalic skull from Witney, Oxen, having a
cranial index of 75'2.
This skull, taken from the same locality as the Witney
Brachycephalic cranium, demonstrates the fact that the broad-
aud long-skulled races lived together in Britain during early
historic times.
College Catalogue, No. 321.
281 \ The Linton Heath skull.
This ancient British skull belongs to one of the " East
Angle " stock ; it is a fine specimen of one of the Dolicho-
cephalic aboriginal inhabitants of that part of England. The
cranial index is 75"3.
B. Davis Cat. No. ti72 (revised No. 62), p. 25. See ' Crania
Britannica,' pi. xlvi.
281 ^ The Kirkhill skull.
This Brachycephalic " ancient Scottish " skull was found
in a " rude cist " on the Kirkhill, St. Andrews. Cranial index
81 3.
B. Davis Cat. No. 761 (revised No, 171), p. 16.
58
EARLY RACES OF MAN.
281 ^ A Brachycephalic skull found in a cist, at St. Andrews.
It demonstates well the form of the cranium, and prominent
cheek-bones, with deep depression at root of the nose, charac-
teristic of the broad-skulled race of Northern Europe in pre-
historic times. Cranial index 83-5.
B. Davis Cat. No. 762 (revised No. 172), p. 16.
281 ^ A Brachycephalic skull found near the above locality, and
probably of about the same period.
Cranial index 82. Cranial capacity 1400 c.c.
College Catalogue, No. 342.
281*. From the same place as the above, a Dolichocephalic
cranium having a cranial index of 74-8.
Cranial capacity 1325 c.c.
College Catalogue, No. 344.
281*. A cranium found in the peat beneath the roots of an old
tree at Ridlington, Norfolk.
Cranial index 71'1 ; capacity 1500 c.c.
College Catalogue, No. 290.
281^°. The cast of a fine Brachycephalic cranium from the bed
of the Blackwater River, in Armagh.
This cranium is of the same tj'pe as that of the Linton and
other crania found in England and the North of Europe before
the dawn of the historic period in this part of the world.
Cranial index 83* 1.
College Catalogue, No. 350.
281 The cast of a skull found at a depth of seven feet below
the Round Tower of Drumbo, Co. Down.
This skull is of the same type as the above, indicating tlie
presence of the tall Brachjcephalic race in Ireland in pre-
historic times. Cranial index 85.
B. Davis Cat. No. 176 (revised No. 190), p. 64.
281 " & 281 Two casts of "Ancient Hibernian" crania belong-
ing to the tall Brachycephalic typo, with a cranial index
of upwards of 80.
B. Davis Cat. Nos.770 and 771 (revised Xos. 166, 1^6), p. 1.3.
ROMAN.
59
281 A Dolichocephalic skull found near Sligo Abbey.
Cranial index 73"3.
B. Davis Cat. No. 821 (revised No. 197), p. 66.
281 A Dolichocephalic cranium from the island of Aranmore,
Galway.
Cranial index 74 "S.
B. Davis Cat. No. 843 (revised No. 209), p. 68.
E. Roman.
From a craniological point of view there is no evidence to lead us
to think that the occupation of England by the Romans modified the
racial character of the inhabitants of this country. Two of the crania
of Romans of the 1st and 3rd centuries are sufficient to demonstrate
the type of skull of the conquerors of Eugland who came from the
banks of the Tiber.
282. The Kingsholm skull (Gloucester) was unearthed from
nine feet below the surface of the ground.
Many Roman remains have been found in the vicinity of
Kingsholm ; and, in connection with these human bones, coins
were discovered, which indicate that the skeleton was buried
in the site in which it was found during the first or second
century of the Christian era. {See ' Crania Britannica,'
pi. xxxvi., with description.) The erect, short square outline
of the face, aquiline nose level with the glabella, together with
the broad and square low forehead, are characteristic features
of the Romans of this period. Cranial index 75-3.
B. Davis Cat. No. 170 (revised No. 35), p. 18.
282 ^ The Bartlow Hills skull (Essex).
This cranium was found in one of the remarkable Roman
sepulchral tumuli on the hills situated on the Cambridgeshire
border of Essex. One of these tumuli was forty-five feet high,
and in it were found numerous funeral vessels of glass and
pottery, bronze and silver ornaments all of Roman workman-
ship, with cinerary urns containing human remains. The
practice of burning the bodies of the dead had completely fallen
into disuse at the end of the 4th century in Western Europe.
This skull is that of a female, and, from the coins found near,
her remains must have been buried some time between the years
267 and 337 A.D.
60"
EARLY RACES OF MAN.
The skull has delicate proportions, the depressed lower
border of orbits curved somewhat over the small cheeks. The
fine teeth, full smooth glabella, and forehead tending to square-
ness, are well recognized features in the skulls of Roman
females of the period mentioned above. Cranial index 79-4.
See ' Crania Britannica,' pi. xxx.
B. Davis Cat. No. 168 (revised No. 33), p. 18.
F. Anglo-Saxon.
Subsequent to the decline of the power of the Romans, England was
overrun by Scandinavians, Danes, Saxons, Engles, and Frisians, all of
whom were more or less pure descendants of the original Teutonic race
of Northern Europe. They were a tall, fair Dolichocephalic people,
the Frisians and Jutes probably less so than the other nations men-
tioned, they having mixed with the tall, fair Brachycephalic inhabitants
of the Palajolithic and Neolithic people from the islands of Denmark
and the North Sea. These Teutonic tribes not only overran England
and Scotland, but in consequence of the determined resistance by the
inhabitants which they encountered, were forced in self-defence to
exterminate the Ancient Britons from a large area of the country. As
time went on we learn, from a study of the form of their skulls, that
the Teutons and the descendants of the British inhabitants of our
Island who had been spared intermarried, and the Anglo-Saxon race
was formed; the Teutonic element predominating largely throughout a
great part of England and Scotland. As the authors of the ' Crania
Britannica' state, the tendency of the Anglo-Saxon skull is towards
the Dolichocephalic type. " The eye at once perceives that this is the
conformation so generally repeated in modern English skulls. Its
permanence as a character of race is at once unquestionable, and im-
pressive." 'Crania Britannica,' description of Anglo-Saxon skulls,
pis. xxxix. & xl.
283. Ihe Malton cranium found in a cutting of the Driffield
Railway, Yorkshire, with an Anglo-Saxon iron sword
2 ft. 8 in. long laid by the side of the skeleton.
Cranial index 77*4.
B. Davis Cat. No. 581 (revised No. G3), p. 26.
283 K The Keinp Town skull.
This skull was discovered in a tumulus at Brighton. Beside
the ekeleton were found a sword and spcar-licnd, boar's tusks,
ANGLO-SAXON'.
CI
find bone pins made of the metatarsals of a small horse. Cranial
index 77'9.
B. Davis Cat. No. 54 (revised No. 64), p. 26.
283 ^. The skull of an Anglo-Saxon young woman.
Cranial index 74"6. ' Crania Britannica,' pi. xlvii., and
description.
B. Davis Cat. No. 587 (revised No. 74), p. 32.
283 A skull found in a ' tuinulary cemetery ' near York,
believed to be that of one of the earl}' Saxon Christians
of the seventh or eighth century.
Cranial index 78-6. Capacity 1500 c.e.
College Catalogue, No. 316.
283 \ The skull of an " East- Angle."
B. Davis Cat. No. 42 (revised No. 56), p. 24.
283 \ The skull of an " East-Angle."
B. Davis Cat. No. 44 (revised No. 58), p. 24.
1. EUROPE*.
A. The British Isles.
a. Ex'GLAA^D.
«, Ancient British, or presumably ancient, though of uncertain
date.
288. The greater part of the skeleton of an adult male, found
beneath a bed of peat, which lay below a sand-hill on
tlie sea-coast near Leasowe Castle, in Cheshire.
The skeleton, and the circumstances under which it was dis-
covered, are described by Mr. Busk in the ' Transactions of
the Ethnological Society of London,' vol. iv., p. 101.
* In consequence of the uncertainty which still prevails with regard to
the classification and mutual relations of the races of Man, it has been
thought best, in this Catalogue, to adhere to an almost purely geographical
arrangement.
G2
KUROPE.
The teeth are much worn. The coronal and sagittal sutures
are completely obliterated, the lambdoidal nearly so.
Clavicle 143, humerus 340, radius 25.5, femur 462.
Cranium : C. 545, L. 190, B. 148, Bi. 779.
Presented hy General the Hon. Sir Edward Cast, 1864.
289. A calvaria, fonud at Miiskham, in the valley of the
Trent: S-
See Huxley, " Notes upon Human Eemains from the Valley
of the Trent," in ' The Geologist ' for June 1862. The skull is
also described and figured in Laing and Huxley's ' Prehistoric
Remains of Caithness,' 1866, p. 120, figs. 48-51.
C. 507, L. 178, B. 138, Bi. 775, H. 135, Hi. 758, Ca. 1300.
The plane of the foramen magnum is remarkably oblique,
the basilar angle (Broca) being 42°.
Presented hy Francis Drake, Esq., 1867.
290. A cranium, found in the peat beneath the roots of an old
tree, while making a ditch at Ridlington, Norfolk.
This specimen is mentioned in the sketch of the Geology of
Norfolk in "White's ' Gazetteer,' and (with the two following)
was formerly in the possession of Mr. J. Gunn.
Metopic.
C. 518, L. 187, B. 133, Bi. 711, H. 140, Hi. 749, BN. 99,
BA. 92, Ai. 929, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1500.
Presented, hy George Busk, Esq., 1865.
291. A cranium, found in digging a ditch near Wayford Bridge,
in Norfolk, at a depth of four feet, in peat : ? ?
C. 523, L. 188, B. 126, Bi. 670, H. 125, Hi. 665, BN. 97,
BA. 95, Ai. 979, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1200.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1868.
291 ^ A cranium, dredged from the bed of the Itiver Orwell,
Ipswich, from four feet of peat covered with five feet
of mud.
The cranium is weathered by exposure on the deck of the
dredger, where it also had s'>me grease dropped on it.
C. 530, L. 188, B. 140, Bi. 74."), H. 13;5, Hi. 707, BN. 101,
Ow. 37, Oh. 29, Oi. 784, Ca. 1570.
Presented hy Mrs. X. F. Layard, 1901.
ENGLAND.
C3
292. A skull from Hiclding, Norfolk.
Lower jaw presented by Mr. Gunn, Oct. 11th, 1879.
" Found, with the entire skeleton, at a depth of about eight
feet, in clearing out a drain-ditch ; the skeleton lay in a slanting
semivertical position S •
C. 518, L. 182, B. 138, Bi. 758, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 102,
BA. 97, Ai. 951, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1500.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1868.
293. The cranium of a young person, from a peat-bog in North-
amptonshire, wanting the greater part of the base.
The basilar suture is not closed ; and the posterior molars aro
not in place.
C. 515, L. 178, B. 144, Bi. 809.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 18G8.
294. The frontal and parietal bones of a cranium, fi-om a peat-
bog in Northamptonshire.
" From J. Prestwich, Esq., Bee. 1866."
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1868.
295.. A calvaria, found at a depth of sixteen feet below the
surface, Southern Outfall Works, Thames.
The deposit in which it was found is thus described : —
Vegetable soil 1' 2", yellow clay 3' 6", peat 2' 5", blue clay 8'0'',
silt 3' 0" (in this the skull was found), peat 0' 9", peat and clay
mixed 0' 5'', peat 1' 0", peat and clay 0' 7", running sand 1' 3'',
Thames ballast 30' 0".
L. 182, B. 144, Bi. 791.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1865.
295 ^ A cranium, found in blue clay sixteen feet below the
surface when excavating near Waterloo Station : .
C. 510, L. 179, B. 143, Bi. 799, H. 132, Hi. 737, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1545.
Presented hy the Directors of the London
5f South- Western Railway, 1904.
296. A calvaria., found in 1809, at a depth of thirty-six feet,
in Carnon Stream Work, Cornwall.
The frontal suture is persistent.
C. 523, L. 183, B. 137, Bi. 749.
64
KUROPE.
297. An ancient British skull, found, in 1852, in a barrow at
Codford, near Heytesburj, Wilts : S' •
Described and figured in Davis and Thurnam's ' Crania
Eritannica,' no. xxix.
C. 503, L. 170, B. 145, Bi. 853, H. 130, Hi. 765, BN. 95,
BA. 90, Ai. 947, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 41, Oh. 31,
Oi. 756, Ca. 1300.
Presented Iiy J. Y. Akerman, Esq., 1857.
297 ^ An ancient British cranium, found at a depth of twenty-
seven feet while excavating for the Manchester Ship
Canal.
It was imbedded in a layer of fine sharp sand, over which
was a la3 er of blue silt 3 ft. 6 in. in thickness, covered by red
clay 6 f L in thickness and surface soil of 1 ft. It probably
belonged to a young male.
C. 501, L. 175, B. 140, Bi. 800, H. 132, Hi. 754, BN. 96,
BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Xi. 440, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946.
Presented hi/ J. AherneaiJn/, Esq., 1890.
yS. Roman and Romano-British.
Owing to the impossibility of distinguishing these in many
cases, the remains of the Roman invaders of Britain are classed
Avith the inhabitants of the island who lived under their rule.
298. The greater part of the skeleton of a man, disinterred by
the donor at Frilford, near Abingdon, Berks, May 27th,
1870.
The following note from Professor Bolleston accompanied
the specimen: — "Found in a grave running from N.N.W. to
B.S.E., about 2' 4" deep. Abundant charcoal was found in the
grave, close to the bones ; large stones were also close to the
skeleton. Flints and shards were found in the grave. The
interment was such a one as those described by me in the
' ArchiEologia,' vol. xlii.* (]>. 6 of separate issue of ilemoir), as
' Roman or Romano-British Interments, witliout leaden but in
most cases probably with wooden coffins, and in semiorientcd
graves.' The skull is one of the type vci y frequent in llomano-
* " Researches and Excavations carried on in an Ancient Cemetery at
Frilford, near .\bingdon, Berks, in the years 1867-68," Archaeologia, vol. xlii.
p. 417.
ENGLAND.
65
Eritish times, and supposed by me (L c, p. 38) to belong to the
' Cimbric ' type of Ret/.ius."
Clavicle 155; humerus, r. 322, I. 312; radius 239; femur,
r. 441, L 433; tibia 354.
The sagittal suture is completely, and the coronal and lamb-
doidul sutures are in great part nbliterated.
Cranium : C. 552, L. 196, B. 145, Bi. 740, H. 132, Hi. 673,
BX 102, BA. 96, Ai. 941, Nh. 48, N\v. 22, Ni. 458, Oh. 40,
Ow. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1700.
Presented hy Professor Rolleston, 1875.
299. The greater part o£ the skeleton of a woman, disinterred
by the donor at Frilford, Jan. 20th, 1869.
"Taken from a grave 35" deep and running from N.?f.W. to
S.S.E. by S.E. Nails were found in the neighbourhood of the
body, which was in all probability that of a Eomano-British
woman."
Clavicle 132, humerus 283, radius 213, femur 408.
Cranium : C. 512, L. 175, B. 145, Bi. 829, H. 120, Hi. 688
Ca. 1390.
Presented hy Professor Rolleston, 1875
300. A skull, taken, in 1857, from a tumular cemetery on
White- Horse Hill, Berkshire : S •
For a description of the cemetery in which it was found, and
reasons for supposing that it belonged to a late period of the
Boman occupation (fourth or fifth century), see Davis and
Thurnam's ' Crania Britannica,' part li.
All the calvarial sutures are united.
C. 548, L. 193, B. 145, Bi. 751, H. 131, Hi. 679, BX. 103,
BA. 93, Ai. 903, Nh. 51, Nw. 22, Ni. 431, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1575.
Presented hy Dr. J. Thnrnam, 1858.
301. An adult metopic skull, from the same cemetery : $ .
C. 492, t. 172, B. 129, Bi. 750, H. 120, Hi. 698, BN. 91,
BA. 85, Ai. 934, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889.
Presented hy Dr. ./. Tlmrnam, 1858.
302. The skull of a young person, from the same cemetery : ? ?
The basilar suture is not consolidated. All the permanent
teeth are in place, except the posterior molars.
C. 515, L. 184, B. 141, Bi. 766, H. 130, Hi. 707, Ca. 1220.
Presented hy Dr. J. Thurnam, 1858.
6G
KUROPE.
303. A skull, presented as " Sknll of an Ancient Roman,
Blandford, Dorset : " •
There is a circular exostosis on the right parietal bone.
C. 500, L. 178, B. 133, Bi. 747, H. 126, Hi. 708, BN. 100,
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Oh. 41, Ow. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1290.
Presented hr/ J. Y. Alderman, Esq.
30i. A mutilated cranium, from the same place : ^ .
C. 525, L. 185, B. 142, Bi. 768, H. 124, Hi. 670.
Presented btj J. Y. Akerman, Esq.
305. A mutilated cranium, from the same place.
C. 507, L. 179, B. 132, Bi. 737.
Presented Inj J. Y. Alierman, Esq.
30G. A metopic cranium, marked "From the camp atSpettisbury,
near Blandford, Dorset, 1857 : " .
C. 543, L. 193, B. 149, Bi. 772, H. 142, Hi. 736, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, M. 481, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1790.
307. A cranium, with the same inscription : ?
Very large, probably hydrocephalic, the cranial bones being
disproportionate to those of the face.
C. 558, L. 196, B. 156, Bi. 796, H. 136, Hi. 694, BN. 110,
BA. 104, Ai. 945, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1730.
308. A skull, said io be that of " a Roman, from Jordans, near
Weymouth:" c? •
It has a very large epactal bone.
C. 528, L. 184, B. 147, Bi. 799, H. 139, Hi. 755, BN. 99,
BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1600.
Presented by J. Macmeikan, Esq., 18G0.
The following seven specimens were sent to the Museum in
18G1 as " Roman skulls dug up in Cannon Street, in the city of
London, 1861." They present a general resemblance, being all
long, low, and rather broad ; having the glabella, supraorbital
prominences, mastoid processes, and muscular ridges little
developed, the focial bonos small, and tlio orbits large and liigli.
ENGLAND.
G7
309. A skull, dug up in Cannon Street in 1861 : J*.
C. 538, L. 188, B. 145, Bi. 771, H. 125, Hi. 665, BN. 100,
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Nl 455, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
01. 875, Ca. 1475.
310. A skull, dug up in Cannon Street in 1861 : .
C. 525, L. 183, B. 140, Bi. 765, H. 120, Hi. 656, BN. 95.
BA. 90, Ai. 947, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 38,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1370.
311. A skull, dug up in Canpon Street in 1861 : c??
C. 525, L. 190, B. 138, Bi. 726, H. 123, Hi. 647, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1380.
312. A cranium, dug up in Cannon Street in 1861 : (J .
C. 503, L. 177, B. 135, Bi. 763, H. 132, Hi. 746, BN. 101,
BA. 92, Ai. 911, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1370.
313. A cranium, dug up in Cannon Street in 1861 : .
C. 528, L. 188, B. 143, Bi. 761, H. 132, Hi. 702, BN. 96,
BA. 92, Ai. 958, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1530.
314. A cranium, dug up in Cannon Street iu 1861 : ? .
C. 495, L. 172, B. 137, Bi. 797, H. 124, Hi. 721, BN. 88,
BA. 78, Ai. 886, Nh. 46, Nw. 20, Ni. 435, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1270.
315. A cranium, dug up in Cannon Street iu 1861 : $ .
C. 492, L. 172, B. 127, Bi. 738, H. 121, Hi. 703, BN. 95,
BA. 93, Ai. 979, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1190.
315 ^ A cranium, dug up in making excavations at Bevis Marks,
Houndsditch.
Found in the Eoman clay along with some slabs bearing
Eoman inscriptions which were removed to the City Library,
Oct. 1884. The cranium is somewhat distorted on the left side
and bulging posteriorly on the right side.
C. 516, L. 178, B. 141, Bi. 792, H. 131, Hi. 736, BN. 99,
BA. 100, Ai. 1010, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi, 861, Ca. 1400.
Purchased, 1885.
f2
EUROPE.
315 ^. A craniom, dug up at London Wall wliile excavating for
foundations.
Found among quantities of Eoman pottery about 22 feet
below the present surface-level.
C. 525, L. 186, B. 144, Bi. 774, H. 135, Hi. 726, BX. 102,
BA. 92, Ai. 902, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow. 42, Oh. 38,
Oi. 905, Ca. 1535.
Purchased, 1885.
315^. A craninm, dug up at the same place.
C. 525, L. 187, B. 139, Bi. 743, H. 141, Hi. 754, BX. 104,
BA. 97, Ai. 93:5, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1620.
Purchased, 1885.
315*. A cranium, dug up at the same plnce.
C. 528, L. 186, B. 140, Bi. 753, H. 132, Hi. 710, BN. 103,
BA. 93, Ai. 903, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1510.
Purchased, 1885.
315 ^. A cranium, dug up at the same place.
C. 518, L. 181, B. 144, Bi. 796, H. 134, Hi. 740, BN. 97,
BA. 89, Ai. 918, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947.
Purchased, 1885.
315 A cah aria, from the same place.
C. 526, L. 181, B. 143, Bi. 790.
Purchased, 1885.
7. Anfflo- Saxon Period.
[316] A skull, found in a tumulary cemetery near York, referred
283^. by the donor to the early Saxon Christians of the seventh
or eighth century : S • 0. C. 5712.
See Dr. Thurnam's Memoir, communicated to the Yorkshire
Philosophical Society, of which au abstract will be tound iu
0. C. p. 881.
C. 525, L. 188, B. 148, Bi. 787, H. 133, Hi. 707, BN. 99,
BA. 96, Ai. 970, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
01. 921, Ca. 1500.
Presented hi/ Dr. John Tkurnam, 1848.
ENGLAND.
69
316 \ A mutilated skull.
316 2. A mutilated skull.
L. 177, H. 134, Hi. 757, BN. 107, BA. 97, Ai, 907, 0\v. 42,
Oh. 31, Oi. 738.
316 ^. A mutilated skull.
316 *. A mutilated skull.
316 ^ A mutilated skull.
316 *. A mutilated cranium.
L. 186, B. 140, Bi. 753, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 4G0, Ow. 38.
Oh. 33, 01. 868.
316 ^. A mutilated cranium.
316 Various bones.
316 ^. Various bones.
The above nine specimens of Bronze age, from Yorkshire,
were presented hy the Rev. Canon Greenwell, 1894.
317. The skull of an Anglo-Saxon, discovered in 1858 in a
tumulus on Wye Hill, on the left of the high road from
Wye to Dover, with an iron spear-head and a small
knife.
It is figured and described in Davis and Thurnam's ' Crania
Britannica,' pi. xlvi. The right lower canine is retained within
the alveolus.
C. 540, L. 196, B. 144, Bi. 735, H. 146, Hi. 745.
Presented hy C. Roach Smith, lUsq.
317 \ A skull and right femur, dug up iu the parish of Ash,
near Sandv^^ich, Kent.
Body interred at full length on the back. No weapon was
found with it. But iu the earth removed with the body wns a
gold coin of the Emperor Honorius. The body was probably
interred about the year 400 a.d.
C. 540, L. 193, B. 143, Bi. 741, H. 135, Hi. 699, BN. 106,
BA. 102, Ai. 962, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 4J2, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi 854, Ca. 1650.
Presented by Dr. Wcdl, 1894.
[318] A skull, found with about fifty others, in 1853, in an
281 K Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Linton Heath, Cambridge-
shire : .
rigured and described in ' Crania Britaniiic;i,' pi. xhx.
70
EUROPE.
Many of the others found with it were in such an extremely
brittle condition that they crumbled on being touched.
C. 553, L. 192, B. 155, Bi. 807, H. 142, Hi. 740, BK 102,
BA. 95, Ai. 931, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1780.
Presented hy the Hon. Richard C. Neville, 1853.
318 ^ A cranium^ found in an early Saxon clialk-coffin at the
site of Chertsey Abbey. Supposed date, a.d. 1230.
C. 531, L. 181, B. 150, Bi. 829, Nh. 52, Nw. 29, Ni. 558,
Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872.
318 ^. A calvaria, from the same place.
C. 522, L. 172, B. 155, Bi. 901.
318 ^. A calvaria, from the same place.
C. 541, L. 181, B. 156, Bi. 862.
318 A calvaria, from the same place.
C 523, L. 174, B. 153, Bi. 879.
318 ^. A skull, from the same place.
C. 524, L. 190, B. 138, Bi. 726, H. 138, Hi. 726, m. 105,
BA. 97, Ai. 924, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861.
318 ^. A skull, from the same place.
C. 538, L. 190, B. 139, Bi. 732, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490,
Ow. 37, Oh. 33, Oi. 892.
318 ^ . A calvaria.
C. 523, L. 172, B. 147, Bi. 855, H. 126, Hi. 733, BN. 92.
318 ^. Two humeri, one femur and a tibia : from the same place.
The above ei<jht specimens jn^esentcd hy
J. Y. Akerman, Esq.
319. A skull, probably from the same cemetery as No. 318 : ? .
C. 478, L. 170, B. 127, Bi. 747, H. 124, Hi. 729, BN. 94,
BA. 89, Ai. 9^7, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 8!J7.
Presented hy the Hon. liichard C. Neville.
ENGLAND.
71
320. A mutilated cranium, having a remarkably low and narrow
forehead, a mandible, and a left femur and tibia.
These are described by the donor as " Bones of a Saxon, from
the cemetery at Bartlow, in Essex, found in February 1853.
This was the body of a warrior ; he lay on his shield, of which
the iron boss was found under the skull, and an iron knife was
at his side. Part of the frontal bone of a child lay near the
feet."
Presented by the Hon. Richard C. Neville.
[321] A skull, with the cervical vertebra? (wanting the atlas),
281^. found in 1857 in an Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Bright-
hainpton, near Witney, Oxon : ? .
See ' Archaeologia,' vol. xxxvii. p. 391, and ' Crania Britan-
nica,' where a skull from the same cemetery is described and
figured (pi. xlviii.).
C. 528, L. 190, B. 113, Bi. 753, H. 129, Hi. 679, BN. 95,
BA. 96, Ai. 1011, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838.
Presented by J. Y. Akerman, Esq.
[322] A skull, with the cervical vertebrte preserved, from the
281^. same cemetery: ? ?
C. 504, L. 175, B. 142, Bi. 811, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440,
Ow. 37, Oh. 36, Oi. 973.
Presented by J. Y. AkernuDi, Esq.
322 ^. A mandible, from the same cemetery, stained green by
contact with a bronze fibula on the breast.
323. A skull, showing considerable posthumous distortion,
found in 1875 in a Saxon cemetery at Bishopstone, near
Aylesbury : ? .
Presented by the Rev. Charles Lowndes., 1875..
324. A mutilated calvaria, from the same locality : (J .
C. 545, L. 195, B. 145, Bi. 744.
Presented by the Rev, Charles Lowndes, 1877.
h. Of Uncertain Date, or Modern.
325. A mutilated calvaria, found in the chalk at Lewisham,
showing signs of posthumous distortion.
Presented J>y George Busk, Esq., ISlio.
72
EUROPE.
325^. The craninm of a male, from Ancaster, near Grantham.
C. 536, L. 186, B. 144, Bi. 774, H. 135, Hi. 726, BX. 101,
BA. 99, Ai. 980, Nh. 51, Kw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1565.
Presented hij Frank Xewcomhe, Esq., 1877.
326. A f^kull, found in digging a dniin near Whitehall Stairs,
May 23rd, 1823: ^. O.C. 5713.
There were two other skulls and many loose bones found in
the same spot.
C. 515, L. 182, B. 140, Bi. 769, H. 130, Hi. 714, BN. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 54, Nw. 22, Ni. 407, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1410.
Presented by William Lynn, Esq., 1823.
S26-'. A cranium found in 1873 at the junction of King Street
with Rose Lane, Norwich, during the construction of an
upper sewer under the direction of Mr. Morcent. The
sewer, which was about 10 feet deep, was situated about
midway up the incline of the valley of the Wensum, in
black sandy soil supposed to have been about 7 feet deep
and not disturbed : ^ .
C. 5.32, L. 190, B. 146, Bi. 768, H. 128, Hi. 674, BX. 96,
BA. 94, Ai. 979, Nh. 42, Nw. 25, Ni. 595, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1515.
Presented by John Gunn, Esq., 1875.
326 ^ A skull, found on the site of a long disused church-
yard where the church of St. Olave formerly stood,
Norwich : (J .
C. 488, L. 170, B. 134, Bi. 788, H. 136, Hi. 800, BN". 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Xi. 468, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1350.
Presented ly William Kemp, Esq., 1879.
826'. A cranium, dredged fi om the bed of the Thames between
Battersca and Vauxhall Bridge, 1863 : ^ .
C. 549, L. 198, B. 140, Bi. 707, H. 142, Hi. 717, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Xh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1730.
326 ^ A cninium, dredged from the bed of the Thames 200 yards
south of Chelsea Bridge : ^ .
C. 520, L. 184, B. 142, Bi. 772, H. 134, Hi. 728, BN. 100,
ENGLAND.
73
BA. 103, Ai. 945, Nh. 53, Nw. 21, Ni. 396, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1550.
32G^. A crnnium, dredged from the bed of the Thames, London,
18G6:
C. 527, L. 184, B. 145, Bi. 788, H. 135, Hi. 734, BX, 105,
BA. 100, Ai. 952, Kh. 57, Nw. 24, Ni. 421, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1620.
326 ^. A cranium, dredged from the Thames near Somerset
House, 1865 : J* .
C. 525, L. 186, B. 141, Bi. 758, H. 130, Hi. 699, B^f. 105,
BA. 96, Ai. 914, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1470.
The above four were presented hy
F. BucMand, Esq., 1880.
326 ^. A cranium, found at a depth of seven or eight feet in
digging the foundation for the Board School, Fountain
St., Wandsworth Rd.
L. 174, H. 131, Hi. 753, BN. 100, BA. 91, Ai. 910, Nh. 52,
Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 38, Oh. 35, Oi. 921.
Presented hy H. W. Jackson, Esq., 1881.
326*'. A cranium, found in a railway-cutting at the Minories.
C. 495, L. 167, B. 145, Bi. 868, H. 137, Hi. 820, BN. 100,
BA. 92, Ai. 920, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789, Ca. 1450.
Purchased, 1882.
326 A skull, found in a railway-cutting at the Minories.
C. 520, L. 183, B. 140, Bi. 765, H. 131, Hi. 7i6, BN. 95,
BA. 88, Ai. 926, Nh. 56, Nw. 24, Ni. 429, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1355.
Purchased, 1882.
326 A skull, found when excavating near AVaterloo Station :
It was found above No. 295'.
C. 486, L. 177, B. li>7, Bi. 718, H. 125, Hi. 706, BN. 98,
BA. 93, Ai. 949, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1205.
Presented hy the Directors of the London and
South-Western Railway.
74
EunopE,
327. A skull, dug up near St. Michael's Church, St. Alban's: ^ .
It has two supernumerary upper incisor teeth, placed behind
the others.
C. 5-43, L. 193, B. 145, Bi. 751, H. 136, Hi. 705, m. 102,
BA. 108, Ai. 1059, Nh. 58, Nw. 22, Ni. 379, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1600.
Presented by the Rev. John G. Hale, 1860.
328. A skull, found in 1878, with a number of others, three feet
below the surface, in a field adjoining Coldham Common,
Cambridge.
The basilar suture is not completely consoUdated, and the
third molars are not j'et in place. It is remarkably low in
proportion to its length ; in conformity with this condition,
the ascending ramus of the mandible has little height, as was
the case with several others from tho same localit}'.
C. 520, L. 186, B. 140, Bi. 753, H. 116, Hi. 624, BN. 101,
BA. 95, Ai. 911, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919.
Presented hy E. T. Newton, Esq., 1878.
320. The skull of an English sailor.
It has a remarkably low and retreating frontal, and a very
depressed breg-matic region.
C. 540, L. 191, B. 143, Bi. 749, H. 123, Hi. 644, BX. 102,
BA. 103, Ai. 1010, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1460.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 18G9.
330. The skull of an Englishman aged 54.
The upper part of the cranium is unsymmetrically developed,
being prominent on the right and flattened on the left side.
C. 545, L. 195, B. 142, Bi. 728, H. 145, Hi. 744, BN. 103,
BA. 96, Ai. 932, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 482, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1730.
Prepared in 1864.
330 \ The skeleton, wanting the hands and feet, of an English-
man aged 44.
Height 4 feet 11 inches = 1480.
Clavicle, r. 138, I. 141; humerus, r. 304, ?. 297 ; radius,
}•. 215, 1.21S; femur, r. 405, I 410 ; tibia, r. 339, I. 340.
Cranium: C. 546, L. 190, B. 152, Bi. 800, H. 1.38, Hi. 72(;,
BN. 90, Nh. 49, Nw. 20, Ni. 408, Ow. 38, Oh. 37, Oi. 974,
Ca. 1785.
Prepared in 1881.
ENGLAND,
75
331. The skull of an Englishman about 20 years of age.
The basilar suture is closed ; but the third molars are not
fully in place, that of the right side of the lower jaw being
still within the alveolus.
C. 507, L. 179, B. 140, Bi. 782, H. 135, Hi. 754, BN. 98,
BA. 97, Ai. 990, Nh. 46, Nw. 21, Ni. 457, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1425.
Prepared in 1869.
331 \ The skull of an Englishman aged 26, died Oct. 1879.
C. 487, L. 169, B. 138, Bi. 817, H. 122, Hi. 722, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1220.
331 ^. The skull and pelvis of an Englishman aged 36.
C. 517, L. 186, B. 137, Bi. 737, H. 135, Hi. 726, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1585.
Prepared in 1882.
331 ^ The skull and pelvis of an Englishman aged 67.
The skull is atrophied.
G. 521, L. 187, B. 136, Bi. 727, H. 131, Hi. 701, BN. 101,
BA. 95, Ai. 941, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1472.
Prejmred in 1882.
332. The skull of an Englishwoman aged 27.
This specimen and the next exhibit very well the characters
of the feminine skull, when contrasted with the preceding
specimens.
C. 512, L. 180, B. 140, Bi. 778, H. 134, Hi. 774, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 44, Nw. 21, Ni. 477, Ow. 34, Oh. 31,
Oi. 912, Ca. 1410.
The pelvis of the same person is No. 161.
Prepared in 1875.
333. The skull of an Englishwoman aged 27.
C. 485, L. 173, B. 131, Bi. 757, H. 121, Hi. 699, BN. 87,
BA. 82, Ai. 943, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1170.
The stylo-hyals, not yet iinited by bone to the tympano-hyal
processes, are preserved.
Prepared in 1870.
76
EUROrE.
333 ^ The skull of an Englishwoman : the last molars are not
yet in place and the basilar suture is not closed.
C. 507, L. 174, B. 143, Bi. 822, H. 125, Hi. 718, BN. 91,
BA. 83, Ai. 912, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1575.
Presented ly E. W. Cooke, Esq., R.A., 1880.
334. The skull of an Englishwoman aged 70.
But one tooth remains, the right lower canine. The cal-
varial sutures are all partially consolidated.
C. 508, L. 178, B. 138, Bi. 775, H. 126, Hi. 708, BN. 96,
Nh. 49, Nvv. 20, M. 408, Ow. 35, Oh. 36, Oi. 1029, Ca. 1200.
Prejmred in 1877.
335. The skull of an Enolishman aged 61.
Charles Nichols, formerly a clerk, and subsequent!}' a comic
lecturer, a man of fair education and considerable dramatic and
musical talent. He died in June 1877, having in his will left
his head to the Museum.
ConsoHdation has commenced at the lower extremities of the
coronal, the posterior end of the sagittal, and the upper part of
the lamhdoidal sutures.
C. 516, L. 179, B. 140, Bi. 782, H. 135, Hi. 754, BN. 98,
B.\. 87, Ai. 888, Nh. 52, Nw. 21, Ni. 404, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1610.
Bequeathed hy 3Jr. C. Nichols, 1877.
336. The articulated skeleton of an Englishman, said to be that.
of the notorious Jonathan Wilde, who was executed at
Tyburn, 24th of May, 1725.
Jonathan Wilde, the infamous thief-catclier, who had for
many years screened from justice such criminals as obeyed hi.s
orders, and caused numbers of others to be hanged, received
sentence of death, at the Old Bailey, on Jklay 15th, 1725,
having been convicted of receiving stolen goods, and taking a
reward of the owners for returning them without discoveiing
the robbers.
The skeleton was accompanied by a coffin-plate, bearing the
inscription — '■ Mr. Jonathan Wilde, Died May 24, 1725, In
y*^ 42ud year of his ago ; " and a letter from the donor, dated
"22 Burton Crescent, June ISth, 1847," stated that it had
been in tlic possession of himself and his predecessors for
upwards of fifty years.
Height 1632 = 5 feet 4-2 inches.
EN^GLAND.
77
Clavicle 147, humerus 328, radius 236, femur 447, tibia 345.
Cranium : C. 520, L. 185, B. 134, Bi. 724, H. 135, Hi. 730,
BN. 104, BA. 101. Ai. 971, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 42,
Oh. 34, Oi. 810, Ca. 1425.
Presented ly Frederick Fowler, Esq., 1847.
337. The cranium of Eugene Aram, who was executed for
murder at York in August 1759, and gibbeted in
Knaresborough Forest.
Eugene Aram was born in Yorkshire about 1710, was well
educated, and began life as a city clerk in London, but after-
wards set up a school at Knaresborough. In 1745 he con-
spired with two others to defraud certain of his neighbours of
plate and goods ; and the confederates meeting in St. Eobert's
Cave to divide their spoil, appear to have had a disagreement,
which resulted in the murder of one of them, named Clark,
whose body was buried in the cave. He was supposed to have
absconded ; but the accidental discovery of his skeleton in 1758,
and the evidence of the other confederate, led to the conviction
of Eugene Aram, who in the meanwhile had occupied the post
of usher in a school at Lynn, in ]S"orfolk. His defence at the
trial was considered very remarkable for the ingenuity and
erudition which it displayed.
The authenticity of the skull is thoroughly well attested,
having been obtained from the gibbet by the grandfather of the
donor, Dr. Hutchinson, a surgeon in practice at Knaresborough
at the time of the execution (see letters, dated December 9th
and 15th, 1869, Museum Letter-book, vol. ii. pp. 38, 39) ; and
its condition tends to confirm this history, as it has evidently
never been macerated. The end of the right mastoid process
has been cut off, probably in severing the head from the body.
It was exhibited at the Meeting of the British Association at
Newcastle, in 1838 (see Report of Transactions of Sections,
p. 125).
The cranium is small, and almost feminine in appearance ;
but the mastoid processes are long, and the glabella well
developed. There are two large symmetrical Wormian bones
in the lambdoidal suture. The sagittal suture is partially
obliterated. There is a considerable postcoronal depression,
C. 515, L. 185, B. 140, Bi. 757, H. 130, Hi. 703, m. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 53, Nw. 22, Wi. 415, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy the Rev. John Walker^
Bradwell Rectory, Great Yarmovth, 1869.
78
EUROPE.
337 ^ The skull of an Eiiolishmaa who was hanged for
murdenng his wife and three children.
C. 550, L. 198, B. 140, Bi. 707, H. 139, Hi. 702, BN. 113,
BA. 106, Ai. 938, Jsh. 51, Nw. 24. Ni. 471. Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
01. 868, Ca. 1712.
Presented hy Isaac Massey, M.D., 1883.
338. The partially articulated skeleton of an Englishman aged
31, being that of John Thurtell, a London solicitor,
executed at Hertford, January 9th, 1824, for the murder
of Mr. Weare.
The body was removed to St. Bartholomew's Hospital for
dissection ; and the skeleton was preserved by Mr. Wormald,
then Demonstrator of Anatomy.
The skull is massive and heavy, and has remarkably large
mastoid processes, indicatino; great muscular development.
Clavicle 102, humerus 345, radius 248 ; femur, r. 491, I. 500 ;
tibia, r. 403, I. 405.
Cranium : C. 535, L. 191, B. 146, Bi. 764, H. 143, Hi. 749,
BN. 107, BA. 103, Ai. 963, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 461, Ow. 39,
Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1640.
Presented hy Mrs. Wormald, 1874.
338 \ The skull of a boy aged 14.
C. 495, L. 178, B. 136, Bi. 764, H. 126, Hi. 708, BN. 93,
BA. 83, Ai. 892, Nh. 47, Nw. 19, Ni. 404, Ow. 33, Oh. 35,
Oi. 1061, Ca. 1355.
Purchased, 1890.
b. Wales.
[339] A mutilated calvaria, from a remarkable tumulus at
279*. Porth-y-Ddarfarch (Towyn-y-Capel), Anglesea.
An account of the discovery of this and the two following
specimens by the Hon. W. 0. Stanley, entitled " Towyn-y-Capel
and the ruined Chapel of St. Bride, on the West Coast of Holy-
head Island, with notices of the curious interments there disco-
vered," is published in the third volume of the 'Archaeological
Journal of the Archteological Institute,' 1846. The skull is
described and figured by Professor Huxley in ' Prehistoric
llemains of Caithness,' 1866.
V. 495, L. 179, B. 130, Bi. 726.
Presented hy Hon. W. 0. Stanley, 1854.
WALES. — SCOTLAND. 79
34:0. A still more imperfect calvaria, from the same tumulus.
C. 485, L. 171, B. 130, Bi. 760.
Presented by Hon. W. 0. Stanley , 185-4.
311. The frontal and facial portion of a skull, from the same
tumulus. Presented hy Hon. W. 0. Stanley, 1854.
c. Scotland.
[342] A skull, found among the ruins of an ancient Culdee
281 ^ Monastery at St. Andrews, 1860 : ? .
C. 505, L. 173, B. 142, Bi. 821, H. 127, Hi. 734, BN. 99,
BA. 98, Ai. 990, Nh. 43, Nw. 20, Ni. 465, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1400.
Crania found at tlie same place and time are described in
" Observations upon Sixteen Ancient Human Skulls found iu
Excavations made on the Kirkhill, St. Andrews, 1860," by Dr. J.
Barnard Davis, Edin. New Phil. Journ. vol. xiv. (1861) p. 191.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1866.
343. A cranium, from the same place : ? .
The teeth are much worn. The lower part of the coronal
and hinder part of the sagittal sutures are consolidated.
C. 490, L. 173, B. 134, Bi. 775, H. 122, Hi. 705, BN. 90,
BA. 89, Ai. 989, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1160.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1866.
[344] A mutilated cranium, from the same place.
281*. Slightly platj'basic. The basilar suture is still open.
C. 530, L. 187, B. 140, Bi. 749, H. 118, Hi. 631, Ca. 1325.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1866.
345 & 345 ^. A remarkably depressed or tapeinocephalic cranium,
and a femur, supposed to belong to the same individual :
S.
These were purchased by the donor at the sale by Messrs.
Sotheby and Co., on Marcli 22nd, 1865, of " a collection of
Fossils and Minerals &c. formed during the last century by the
Hon. Archibald Fra!:;er, of Lovat," and described in the catalogue
as " Skull and thigh-bone of Lord Darnley."
The internal evidence afforded by both bones conclusively
negatives Ihcir authenticity. Darnley, at the time of his death
80
EDROPfi.
in 1567, was about 22 years old ; and the bones are those of a
man considerably more advanced in life and of great muscular
development. The almost complete absence of frontal elevation,
which is one of the most striking features in the skull, finds no
corroboration in any of the known portraits and descriptions of
the young Earl ; and the femur could not be that of a person
invariably described as " tail," or " long," as, calculating at the
usual ratio of 27'5 to 100, it would give a height of only 5 Icct
2"2 inches.
C. 533, L. 185, B. 145, Bi. 784, H. 119, Hi. 643, BX. 106,
BA. 98, Ai. 925, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 40, Oh. 40,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1350.
Length of femur 434.
Praspnted hi J. W. Belt, Esq., 18G0.
345 ^ A left femur resembling the previous cranium in cha-
racter, and inscribed : " Thigh bone of Lord Darnley,
husband of Marv Queen of Scots, murdered and blown
up Feb. 10th, 1567."
Said to have been purchased with the above inscription at a
sale at Sotheby & Wilkinson's with two other bones, " Thigh
bone of Little John, Bobin Hood's companion, and shin bone of
Humphrey, Duke of Gloster," by Mr. T. M. Grimshaw (25
Gt. Ormond Street, Bloomsbury), from whom this femur was
purchased July 1st, 1880.
It is that of a very tall man and is probably the real thigh
bone belonging to the cranium (345), 345 ' having been
accidentally substituted. Length 538 mm.
346. The skull of a man, described as that of " a Highlander or
Celtic Scot." 0. C. 5731.
C. 513, L. 178, B. 142, Bi. 798, H. 137, Hi. 770, BN. 94,
BA. 95, Ai. 1011, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi. 806, Ca. 1520.
From the Collection of George Langstaff, Esq.
Purchased, 1835.
34G ^ The skeleton (nearly complete) of a $ ?
Clavicle, r. 136, I. 140 ; humerus, r. 325, I. 318 ; radius,
r. 241, I. 238 ; femur, r. 445, I. 442 ; tibia, r. 367, I. 367.
Cranium : C. 496, L. 176, B. 132, Bi. 750, H. 132, Hi. 750,
BN. 96, BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ki. 449, Ow. 36,
Oh. 30, Oi. 833, Ca. 1290.
SCOTLAND . IRELAND .
81
346 ^ The skull of a $ . This aud the preceding specimen were
dug up with other bones in an old British dwelling at
Skerrabroe, in the Parish of Sandwich, Orkney, by the
late Mr. W. Watt.
See " On the Dwellings of the Prehistoric Races in Orkne}-,"
by William Traill, M.D., Proceedings of the Scottish Anti-
quarian Society, April 1868, where the tumulus in which they
were found is fully described. These specimens are described
by Dr. Garson in the 'Journal of the Anthropological Institute,'
1883,
C. 512, L. 184, B. 133, Bi. 723, H. 129, Hi. 701, BN. 97,
BA. 89, Ai. 918, Nh, 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1485.
Presented hy C. S. Clouston, Esq., M.B.^ 1880.
d. Ireland.
[347] A cast of a mutilated cranium, from the bed of the river
279^. Nore, at Borris, in Queen's County : 6 .
Described and figured by Professor Huxley in ' Prehistoric
Remains of Caithness,' 1866, figs. 60 & 61.
C. 562, L. 199, B. 147, Bi. 739, H. 138, Hi. 693.
Presented hy Professor Huxley, 1866.
348. The cast of a cranium found with the above.
C. 538, L. 191, B. 142, Bi. 743.
Presented hy Professor Huxley, 186G.
349. The cast of a mutilated cranium from the bed of the Black-
water River, in Armagh, " strikingly similar to the
Muskham cranium (No. 289) in its general characters."
C. 520, L. 181, B. 142, Bi. 785.
Presented hy Professor Huxley, 1866.
[350] The cast of another cranium from the same locality.
281'° c. 542, L. 186, B. 153, Bi. 823.
Presented hy Professor Huxley, 1866.
G
82
EUROPE.
B. France.
a. Ancient.
The following (Nos. 351 to 3-55 inclusive) are easts from remains of
prehistoric inhabitants of Perigord, discovered in 1868 by M. Lartet at
Cro-Magnon, Vallee de la Vezere, described by Broca and Pruner Bey
in ' Reliquiae Aquitanicae' and ' Bull. Soc. d'Anthrop. de Paris,' 2 ser.
t. iii. (1868), and by Quatrefages and Hamy in ' Crania Ethnica.' The
originals are in tbe Museum d'Histoire Naturclle at Paris.
[351] Cast of skull, v^'ith humerus, ulna, carinated femur, platy-
279 K cnemic tibia, and fibula. Marked "No. 1, (S •"
Figured in Quatrefages and Hamy's ' Crania Ethnica,' plates
iii., iv., and v. Described at p. 45.
[352] Cast of cranium, marked <'No. 2, $ ."
271)2. . Crania Ethuica,' p. 81, figs. 80 k 81.
[353] Cast of calvaria, with portion of lower jaw and tibia,
279 ^ marked "No. 3, 6
' Crania Ethnica,' p. 50.
Preserded hy the " Professeurs Administrateurs
du Mus^e d'Histoire Naturelle a Paris" per
M. de Quatrefages, 1873.
354. The cast of the right ramus of a mandible found by M.
Boucher de Perthes in the gravel at Moulin-Quignon,
near Abbeville, March 28, 1863.
See " An Account of the Proceedings of the late Conference
held in France to inquire into the circumstances attending the
asserted discovery of a Human Jaw in the gravel at Moulin-
Quignon, near Abbeville ; including the Proces-Vcrbaux of the
Sittings of the Conference, with notes tliereon," by H. Falconer,
G. Busk, and W. B. Carpenter, ' Natural History Review,' Julj'
1863, p. 423. Also Dr. H. Falconer " On the Evidence in tlie
case of the controverted Human Jaw and Flint ImplemenfB at
Moulin-Quignon," ' Palicoutological Memoirs,' vol. ii. p. 601
(1868).
Presented J>>/ the same, 1873.
FRA>rCE.
83
355. The cast of a portion of a mandible found at Moulin-
. Quignon in 1864. Presented hy tlte same, 1873,
356. A cranium from a Grallo-Roman cemetery at St. Aclieul,
near Amiens, in the brick-earth above the flint-bearing
beds of the Somme valley : S •
In each orbit is a coin of the Emperor Magnentius, struck at
Ambianum (Amiens). The adjacent bone is deeply stained
with copper. Coffin-nails and angle-irons were found with the
human remains in the cemetery, some of which are deposited in
a drawer in the Museum.
C. 543, L. 194, B. 142, Bi. 732, H. 138, Hi. 711, EX. 107,
BA. 100, Ai. 935, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi, 971, Ca. 1650.
Presented hy Henry Christy, Esq., 1865.
357. A calvaria from the same cemetery : S .
C. 550, L. 193, B. 145, Bi. 751, H. 138, Hi. 715, Ca. 1625.
Presented by Henry Christy, Esq., 18C5.
358. A skull obtained from a Gallo-Roman cemetery at St.
Acheul, by Sir John Lubbock, Bart. : S .
C. 508, L. 181, B. 134, Bi. 740, H. 126, Hi. 696, BN. 97,
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 37, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, Ca. 1260.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1868.
358 ^. The cranium of a Grallo-Roman from St. Acheul : s •
C. 530, L. 185, B. 144, Bi. 778, H. 131, Hi. 708, BN. 96,
BA. 86, Ai. 986, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 48.
358 ^. The mutilated cranium of a Gallo-Roman from St. Acheul.
C. 545, L. 194, B. 141, Bi. 727, H. 129, Hi. 665, BN. 98,
BA. 90, Ai. 918, Nh. 54, Nw. 22, Ni. 407, Ow. 37, Oh. 36,
Oi. 973.
Anthropol, Soc, No. 205.
©2
84
EUROPE.
b. Modern.
" The following twelve specimens (Nos. 359 to 370, excluding 363 '
and 365 ') were extracted from the Catacombs at Paris, and are there-
fore probably French. In the first six the frontal suture is persistent * ;
and in most of them the high, broad, rather short, subspherical form
of the cranium prevails." — 0. C. p. 883. ,
359. A metopic cranium. 0. C. 5719. J .
C. 530, L. 180, B. 150, Bi. 833, BN. 95, BA. 95, Ai. 1000,
Nh. 50, Nw. 30, Ni. 600, Ow. 40, Oh. 32, Oi. 800.
Presented hij Dr. W. E. Leach, 1827.
3G0. A metopic cranium, 0. C. 5720. J.
The outer alveolar plate has been removed from the teeth in
place, showing the great length of the root of the canine, and
that the first premolar has its outer root double, while in the
second it is single.
C. 523, L. 180, B. 146, Bi. 811, H. 135, Hi. 750, BIST. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, ISTi. 444, Ow. 43, Oh. 36,
Oi. 837, Ca. 1500.
Presented hy Dr. Leach, 1827.
361. A metopic cranium, wanting the occipital bone. 0. C.
5721. 6.
m. 96, BA. 90, Ai. 938, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 37,
Oh. 33, Oi. 892.
Presented ly Dr. Leach, 1827.
3G2. A metopic cranium. 0. C. 5722. ? .
C. 493, L. 167, B. 145, Bi. 868, H. 122, Hi. 731, BN. 95,
BA. 93, Ai. 979, Nh. 51, Nw. 22, Ni. 431, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1385.
Presented hy Dr. Leach, 1827.
* These were probably selected on that account. In the edition of the
Catalogue of 1831 the following passage occurs . — " It was a curious remark
made bv Ur. Leach, and others who have examined that immense collection
of crania and other bones in the catacombs at Paris, tliat tlie number of
adult skulls in which the frontal suture remained unoblitorated was so con-
siderable tliat, from a calculation made on the spot, he estimated the pro-
portion to be at least one in eleven."
Kegalia has observed 141 cases of metopism in Italian crania in the
National jNIuseum of Anthropology at Florence — almost exactly the same
propoilion as that mentioned above. (Archiv. per Antropologia, vol. viii,
p. 465, 1878.)
FRAis'CE.
85
363. A metopic cranium. 0. C. 5723. $ .
C. 520, L. 184, B. 136, Bi. 739, H. 127, Hi. 690, BX. 90,
Nh. 52, Nw. 20, m. 386, Ow. 36, Oh. 35, Oi. 972, Ca. 1410.
Presented hy Dr. Leach., 1827.
3(33 \ The cranium of a Frenchman, aged 34 years, born at
Yvetot.
C. 535, L. 193, B. 139, Bi. 720, H. 135, Hi. 699, BN. 97,
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ovf. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944.
Antlirnpol. Soc, No. 215.
3G4. A metopic cranium. 0. C 5724. 6 ?
C. 500, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 783, H. 126, Hi. 720, BX. 96,
Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1150.
Presented hy Dr. Leach, 1827.
365. A cranium. 0. C. 5725. 6 .
C. 518, L. 180, B. 147, Bi. 817, H. 140, Hi. 778, BN. 98,
BA. 87, Ai. 888, Nh. 51, Nw. 21, Ni. 412, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1650.
Presented hy Dr. Leach, 1827.
365^. The cranium of a Belgian, from Brussels. (Metopic.)
C. 541, L. 188, B. 143, Bi. 761, H. 125, Hi. 665, BN. 103,
Nh. 58, Nw. 24, Ni. 414, Ow. 38, Oh. 35, Oi. 921, Ca. 1550.
Anthro2)ol. Soc, No. 161.
365 ^. The cranium of a Fleming, from Ghent : (J .
C. 527, L. 183, B. 150, Bi. 820, H. 131, Hi. 716, BN. 100,
Ow. 38, Oh. 36, Oi. 947, Ca. 1660.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 179.
366. A cranium. 0. C. 5726. cJ?
C. 512, L. 178, B. 138, Bi. 775, H. 134, Hi. 753, BN. 92,
Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Oh. 35, Ow. 33, Oi. 943, Ca. 1450.
Presented hy Dr. Leach.
367. A cranium. 0. C. 5727.
C. 512, L. 185, B. 133, Bi. 719, H. 132, Hi. 714, BN. 104,
BA. 98, Ai. 942, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 40, Oh. 30,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1360.
Presented hy Dr. T^each, 1827.
86
EUROrE.
368. A cranium. 0. C. 5728.
The basioccipital presents a median articular surface for the
atlas, on the anterior border of the foramen magnum.
C. 515, L. 180, B. 142, Bi. 789, H. 129, Hi. 717, BN. 93,
BA. 89, Ai. 957, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1375.
Presented l»j Dr. Leach, 1827.
369. A cranium. 0. C. 5729.
C. 492, L. 179, B. 131, Bi. 732, H. 120, Hi. 670, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 45, Nw. 23, Ni. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1200.
Presented hy Dr. LeaeJi, 1827.
370. A cranium. 0. C. 5730.
C. 487, L. 178, B. 130, Bi. 730, H. 123, Hi. 691, BN. 95,
BA. 86, Ai. 905, Nh. 48, Nw. 20, Ni. 417, Ow. 37, Oh. 36,
Oi. 973, Ca. 1220.
Presented hy Dr. Leach, 1827.
370^. The cast of a cranium said to be that of Rene Descartes
(born at La Haye, in Touraine, March 31st, 1596; died at
Stockholm, February 11th, 1650). The original is in
the Paris Museum. See ' Journal de Zoologie,' Nov. 1st,
1872. Presented hy Professor Gervais, 1872.
370 ^ to 370 Thirty crania of Parisians, from a cemetery
several centuries old. Many of them had marks upon
them made by Broca, referring to measurements in his
register now in the possession of the Anthrojiological
Society of Paris.
Presented Avg. 1880 hy Dr. Topinard, Directeur
du Lahoratoire d' Anthroj^oloyie de V Ecole des
Hautes Etudes, Paris.
370 C. 510, L. 172, B. 152, Bi. 884, H. 135, Hi. 785, BK 97,
BA. 92, Ai. 948, Nh. 54, N\v. 27, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1534.
370 C. 518, L. 177, B. 149, Bi. 842, H. 123, Hi. 695, BN. 95,
BA. 95, Ai. 1000, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1505.
370 \ C. 515, L. 179, B. 140, Bi. 782, H. 126, Hi. 704, BN. 97,
BA. 89, Ai. 918, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1293.
FRANCB.
87
370'. C. 519, L. 180, B. 143, Bi. 794, H. 188, Hi. 767, m. 100,
BA. 92, Ai. 920, Nh. 49, ISTw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1593.
370 C. 544, L. 185, B. 152, Bi. 822, H. 132, Hi. 714, BN. 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, M. 471, Ow. 43, Oh. 35,
Oi. 814, Ca. 1720.
370 ^ C. 508, L. 181, B. 136, Bi. 751, H. 123, Hi. 680, BN. 99,
BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1360.
370 \ C. 516, L. 175, B. 148, Bi. 846, H. 132, Hi. 754, BN. 99,
m. 51, ISTw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1550.
3701 C. 505, L. 178, B. 140, Bi. 787, H. 121, Hi. 680, BN. 97,
BA. 92, Ai. 948, Nh. 46, Nw. 21, Ni. 457, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1350.
370^°. C. 517, L. 179, B. 144, Bi. 804, H. 137, Hi. 765, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 34, Oh. 31,
Oi. 912, Ca. 1540.
370 C. 505, L. 172, B. 145, Bi. 843, H. 134, Hi. 779, BN. 94,
BA. 90, Ai. 957, Nh. 52, Nw. 21, Ni. 404, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1545.
370 '^ C. 532, L. 184, B. 146, Bi. 793, H. 137, Hi. 745, BN. 106,
BA.. 96, Ai. 906, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni, 436, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1610.
370 '^ C. 509, L. 170, B. 147, Bi. 865, H. 127, Hi. 747, BN. 100,
BA. 98, Ai. 980, Nh. 46, Nw. 21, Ni. 457, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1530.
370". C. 520, L. 181, B. 147, Bi. 812, H. 136, Hi. 751, BN. 106,
BA. 101, Ai. 953, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1485.
370'°. C. 521, L. 179, B. 145, Bi. 810, H. 130, Hi. 726, BN. 101,
BA. 96, Ai. 950, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1436.
370 '\ C. 492, L. 163, B. 144, Bi. 883, H. 130, Hi. 798, BN. 93,
BA. 92, Ai. 989, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni, 423, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1340.
370 'I C. 507, L. 173, B. 142, Bi. 821, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464,
Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897.
370 C. 515, L. 182, B. 141, Bi. 775, H. 127, Hi. 698, BN. 99,
BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. ,33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1460.
88
EUROPE.
370". C. 535, L. 179, B. 153, Bi. 855, H. 140, Hi. 782, m. 103,
BA. 93, Ai. 903, Kh. 51, ^w. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1610.
370 '\ C. 533, L. 190, B. 143, Bi. 753, H. 133, Hi. 700, BF. 104,
BA. 97, Ai. 933, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 33, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1585.
370^'. C. 509, L. 173, B. 147, Bi. 850, H. 125, Hi, 723, BN 96,
BA. 94, Ai. 979, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Cw. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1445.
370 '\ C. 530, L. 180, B. 153, Bi. 850, H. 129, Hi. 717, B^T. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789.
370 C. 510, L. 177, B. 141, Bi. 797, H. 136, Hi. 768, BN. 103,
BA. 92, Ai. 893, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1480.
370 '\ C. 489, L. 172, B. 131, Bi. 762, H. 126, Hi. 733, BN. 102,
BA. 92, Ai. 902, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1265.
370". C. 501, L. 177, B. 134, Bi. 757, H. 122, Hi. 689, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 43, Nw. 22, Ni. 512, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1335.
370 '^ C. 516, L. 177, B. 147, Bi. 831, H. 132, Hi. 746, BN. 96,
BA. 89, Ai. 927, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1620.
370 C. 486, L. 171, B. 131, Bi. 766, H. 126, Hi. 737, BN. 96,
BA. 84, Ai. 875, Nh. 44, Nw. 22, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1255.
370'". C. 491, L. 174, B. 131, Bi. 753, H. 131, Hi. 753, BN. 97,
BA. 95, Ai. 979, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1275.
370". C. 490, L. 173, B. 132, Bi. 763, H. 121, Hi. 699, BN. 92,
BA. 88, Ai. 957, Nh. 54, Nw. 21, Ni. 477, Ow. 34, Oh. 33,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1222.
370 C. 500, L. 171, B. 143, Bi. 836, H. 137, Hi. 801, BN. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1610.
370 C. 504, L. 175, B. 141, Bi. 806, H. 134, Hi. 766, BN. 98,
BA. 94, Ai. 959, Nh. 52, Nw. 21, Ni. 404, Ow. 36, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1485.
THE SPANISH PENINSULA.
89
C. The Spanish Peninsula.
a. Ancient.
[371] A mutilated cranium, remarkable for the low retreating
278^. forehead, prominent supraorbital ridges, and peculiar
conformation of the maxillae.
From a quarry behind " Forbes Battery," in the brecciated
tahis under the North Front of the Rock of Gibraltar.
See Broca, " Cranes et Ossements humaines des Cavernes de
Gibraltar," ' Bullet, de la See. d'Anthropol. de Paris,' 18 Fer.,
1869, 2^ ser. t. ri. pp. 146-148. Eeprinted in ' Memoir es
d'Anthropologie,' t. ii. p. 370, fig. 55 (p. 377).
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1868.
372. A cranium found by Captain Brome in the Genista Cave,
Gibraltar : S •
See " On the Caves of Gibraltar in which Human Remains
and Works of Art have been found," by G. Busk, in ' Transac-
tions of the International Congress of Prehistoric Archa3ology,'
1868 (Norwich meeting). This cranium is described at p. 162,
and figured in pi. vii. figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4.
C. 522, L. 185, B. 140, Bi. 757, H. 142, Hi. 768, Ca. 1600.
Presented hj George Busk, Esq., 1868.
373. A cranium from the same locality : S .
Described and figured in the memoir cited above, pi. vii. figs.
5, 6, 7, and 8.
C. 525, L. 186, B. 141, Bi. 758, H. 140, Hi. 753, Ca. 1630.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1868.
373 ^. The cranium of a young person from the Genista Cave
No. 3 A.
C. 500, L. 182, B. 138, Bi. 758, H. 131, Hi. 720, BN. 88.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1885.
374. A cranium found by Sir James Cochrane in the " Judge's
Cave," Gibraltar : S ?
See Busk, loc. cit. p. 147, figs. 9, 10, and 11.
Tlie upper margin of the left squamosal contains two dibtinct
ossifications. The right side is normal.
C. 468, L. 170, B. 137, Bi. 806, H. 133, Hi. 782, Ca. 1270.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1868.
90
EUROPE.
374 ^ The cranium of a Basque, from Guipuscoa : cJ •
The squamosal touches the frontal on the left side.
C. 550, L. 197, B. 146, Bi. 741, H. 132, Hi. 670, BN. 105,
BA. 94, Ai. 895, Nh. 57, Nw. 23, Ni. 404, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1740.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 245.
374 ^. The cranium of a Basque, from Guipuscoa : 2 •
C. 515, L. 184, B. 136, Bi. 739, H. 121, Hi. 658, BX. 101,
BA. 96, Ai. 950, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 38, Oh. .33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1370.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 246.
374 ^. The skull of a Portuguese male, from Madeira.
C. 505, L. 182, B. 138, Bi. 758, H. 131, Hi. 720, BN. 99,
BA. 95, Ai. 960, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, Ca. 1465.
J. H. Spitzhj Collection, 1901.
D. Italy.
a. Ancient.
375. A mutilated cranium from Fasano (ancient Gncdlda),
Bari: 6.
BN. 97, BA. 92, Ai. 948, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni, -^34, Ow. 41,
Oh. 36, Oi. 878.
Nicolucci Collection *. Purcliancd, 1870.
375 ^. Portions of a skeleton from the Grotta di Pollcra.
Consisting of imperfect calvaria, facial bones, clavicle, imper-
fect humerus, tibia, femur, calcimeum and astragalus.
Found in a Cist formed of four large stones and a covering
stone 12 feet beneath the surface under two thick stalagmite
layers which had to be broken through to reach it. Above
the Cist were found rude pottery, a stone celt, and bones of goat,
Ursus sj'dtcKS, Fclis, and Bus.
Presented hj A. J. Wall, Esq., F.R.C.S., 1887.
375 2. The imperfect skull of an ancient Etruscan : J .
375 ^. The skull of an ancient Etruscan dug up in a field ahout
* A collection of 38 ancient and 114 modern Italian, and 4 ancient and
10 modern Greek skulls, purchased in 1870 from Ur. Giustiniano Nico-
lucci, of Isola di Sora (Terra di Lavoro), Italy. The localities are given
ou the authority of Dr. Nicolucci.
ITALY.
91
6 miles S.W. of Chiusi, the ancient Clusium ; with it
were found some fragments of hlack pottery.
C. 513, L. 178, B. 147, Bi. 826, Nh. 54, Nw. 22, Ni. 407,
Ow. 37, Oh. 33, Oi. 892.
Presented Inj A. J. Wall, Esq., 1888.
376. A cranium from Rugge (ancient Eiidice), near Lecce, Px'O-
vince of Otranto : S .
C. 534, L. 193, B. 142, Bi. 736, H. 140, Hi. 725.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
377. A sliuU from Ceglie (ancient CosUum), Province of Otranto:
?.
The squamosals of both sides join the frontal bone.
C. 500, L. 179, B. 135, Bi. 755, H. 122, Hi. 682, BN. 94,
BA. 92, Ai. 979, Nh. 50, ^w. 20, Ni. 400, Ow. 39, Oh. 38,
Oi. 974,
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
" The above three skulls (375, 376, and 377) belong to the lajiigi,
and are the only known examples of the race" (G. Nicolucci).
378. A skull from Capua, Terra di Lavoro. From a tomb of
the first or second century B.C.
C. 527, L. 190, B. 140, Bi. 737, H. 135, Hi. 711, BN. 103,
Nh. 51, Nw, 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 36, Oh. 35, Oi. 972.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
379. A craninm from Cassino, Terra di Lavoro. From a tomb
of the sixth century of the Christian era. S .
C. 503, L. 175, B. 138, Bi. 789, H. 130, Hi. 743, Nh. 48,
Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
380. A mutilated cranium from Cassino. From a tomb of the
sixth century of the Christian era. 5 .
C. 515, L. 184, B. 138, Bi. 750.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
The fifteen following specimens (Nos. 381 to 395 inclusive) were
collected in the ancient necropolis of Aquinum. They are not older
than two centuries before, nor more modern than two centuries after,
the Christian era.
92
EUROPE.
381. A skull from Aquino (ancient Aquinum), Terra, di Lavoro:
??
The right squamosal touches the frontal.
C. 505, L. 174, B. 145, Bi. 833, H. 127, Hi. 730, BX. 85,
BA. 88, Ai. 1035, Nh. 45, Nw. 23, M. 511, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 801, Ca. 1400.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
382. A skull from Aquino : $ ?
C. 507, L. 174, B. 147, Bi. 845, H. 132, Hi. 759, m. 94,
BA. 89, Ai. 947, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1475.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
383. A skull from Aquino : 6 ?
C. 510, L. 108, B. 150, Bi. 893, H. 127, Hi. 756, BN. 93,
BA. 87, Ai. 935, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 462, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
384. A skull from Aquino : 6.
C. 525, L. 186, B. 137, Bi. 737, H. 148, Hi. 796, BN. 106,
BA. 98, Ai. 925, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1570.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870,
385. A calvaria from Aquino.
C. 492, L. 105, B. 140, Bi. 848, H. 121, Hi. 733.
Nicolucci Collection, Purchased, 1870.
38G. A skull from Aquino : 6 .
C. 556, L. 196, B. 146, Bi. 745, H. 148, Hi. 755, BN. Ill,
BA. 104, Ai. 937, Nh. 56, Nw. 27, Ni. 482, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
387. A skull from Aquino : 6 .
C. 556, L. 197, B. 155, Bi. 787, H. 144, Hi. 731, BN. 108,
BA. 105, Ai. 972, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1670.
N/'colucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
388. A skull from Aquino : 2 .
C. 503, L. 178, B. 113, Bi. 803, H. 136, Hi. 764, BN. 99,
ITALY. 93
BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1320.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
389. A skull from Aquino : $ .
C. 535, L. 190, B. 145, Bi. 763, H. 140, Hi. 737, BN. 106,
BA. 103, Ai. 972, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1480.
Nicolucci Collection. Purcliascdy 1870.
390. A calvarium from Aquino : J" .
Metopic.
C. 508, L. 180, B. 138, Bi. 767.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
391. A skull from Aquino : S ?
C. 505, L. 178, B. 141, Bi. 792, H. 129, Hi. 725, BN. 94,
BA. 90, Ai. 957, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1375.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
392. A calvarium from Aquino : $ .
C. 513, L. 180, B. 140, Bi. 778, H. 130, Hi. 722, Ca. 1390.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
393. The cranium of an aged person from Aquino : $ .
The calvarial sutures are all obliterated ; the teeth are lost,
and the alveoli absorbed.
C. 520, L. 182, B. 142, Bi. 780, H. 127, Hi. 698.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
394. A skull from Aquino : ? .
The left squamosal articulates with the frontal.
C. 504, L. 1 80, B. 132, Bi. 733, H. 131, Hi. 728, BN. 104,
BA. 96, Ai. 923, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1310.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
395. A skull from Aquino : ^ .
C. 525, L. 179, B. 151, Bi. 844, H. 131, Hi. 732, BN. 101,
BA. 97, Ai. 960, Nh. 52, Nw, 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1520.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
94
BUEOPE.
396. A mutilated skull from a tomb o£ the third century o£ the
Christian era, on the Via Latina, Isola di Sora (Pro v. di
Terra di Lavoro).
C. 515, L. 178, B. 141, Bi. 792.
I^icolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
397. A cranium from a tomb of the third century, on the Via
Latina, Isola di Sora : 2 .
The right squamosal touches the frontal.
C. 5u7, L. 177, B. 140, Bi. 791, H. 130, Hi. 734.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
398. A inutilated skull from a tomb of the third century, on the
Via Latina, Isola di Sora : c? •
C. 520, L. 179, B. 144, Bi. 804.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
399. A cranium from a tomb on the Via Latina, Isola di Sora :
<?.
C. 525, L. 183, B. 145, Bi. 792.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
400. A cranium from a tomb of the ninth century after Christ,
at Bamo, Province of Frosinone : $ ?
C. 480, L. 167, B. 130, Bi. 778, Nh. 43, Nw. 22, Ni. 512,
Ow. 36, Oh. 30, Oi. 833, Ca. 1230.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
401. The mutilated skull of a child about 7 years of age, from a
tomb anterior to the Christian era, at Arpino {Arpinum),
Terra di Lavoro.
The milk-teeth and first permanent molars are in place.
L. 169, B. 125, Bi. 740.
Nicolucci Collection. Pu) chased, 1870.
402. A skull from Ostia : c? •
C. 525, L. 182, B. 148, Bi. 813, H. 133, Hi. 731, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 49, Nw. 21, Ni. 429, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842.
Nicolitrci C'ollcction, J'urcJiased, 1870.
ITALY.
95
403. A skull from Rome ( Via Latino) : .
C. 532, L. 184, B. 149, Bi. 810, H. 135, Hi. 734, m. 93,
BA. 88, Ai. 946, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1600.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
404. A skull from Rome ( Via Latino) : $ .
C. 530, L. ]82, B. 148, Bi. 813, H. 135, Hi. 742, BA^. 102,
BA. 93, Ai. 912, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1590.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased., 1870.
405. A skull from Rome ( Via Appia) : S •
C. 530, L. 183, B. 148, Bi. 809, H. 138, Hi. 754, BN. 108,
BA. 99, Ai. 917, Nh. 56, Nw. 23, M. 411, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1575.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
406. A cranium from a tomb in the ancient Alba Fucensis : $ ,
C. 502, L. 175, B. 135, Bi. 771, H. 125, Hi. 714, BN. 103,
BA. 99, Ai. 961, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Oh. 36, Ow. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1270.
Nicolucci Collection, Purchased, 1870.
407. A skull from a tomb of the fourth century of the Christian
era at Falerone (ancient Valeria Picena), Province of
Ascoli : (S .
C. 533, L. 180, B. 153, Bi. 850, H. 143, Hi. 794, BN. 105,
BA. 98, Ai. 933, Nh. 58, Nw. 27, Ni. 466, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1700.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
408. The skull of a child from a tomb of the fourth century at
Falerone ( Valeria Picena),
The permanent incisors are in place ; but the posterior milk-
molars have not been shed.
C. 508, L. 177, B. 143, Bi. 808, H. 124, Hi. 701, Nh. 52,
Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 38, Oh. 37, Oi. 974.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
409. A cranium from Terracina, Province of Velletri ; from a
sepulture anterior to the Christian era : .
C. 545, L. 185, B. 153, Bi. 827, H. 133, Hi. 719, BN. 100.
BA. 91, Ai. 910, Ow. 41, Oh. 36, Oi. 878, Ca. 1690.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
96
EUROPK.
410. A cranium from Ancona : J* .
C. 513, L. 180, B. UO, Bi. 778, H. 132, Hi. 733, BX. 99,
BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1475.
jyicoliicci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
411. A cast of a skull found in a tomb anterior to the Christian
era, at Modena : (J .
C. 558, L. 201, B. 147, Bi. 731.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
412. A skull from an ancient tomb in the Agra Canavesano,
near Turin, a region inhabited by the Salassi, a people of
Celtic origin : $ .
" From Professor Garbeglietti."
C. 492, L. 173, B. 132, Bi. 763, H. 130, Hi. 751, BX. 98,
BA. 94, Ai. 959, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1270.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
b. Modern.
413. The skull of a child from Lecce, Province of Otranto.
All the milk-teeth are in place, with the first permanent
molars.
C. 457, L. 165, B. 123, Bi. 745, H. 122, Hi. 739, BN. 81,
BA. 74, Ai. 913, Nh. 39, Nw. 19, Ni. 487, Ow. 34, Oh. 29,
Oi. 853.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
414. The skull of an aged person from Lecce : $ .
The teeth have nearly all been lost during life, and the
coronal and sagittal sutures are partially ossified.
C. 455, L. 177, B. 128, Bi. 723, H."l29, Hi. 729, BN. 93,
Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 36, Oh. 30, Oi. 833, Ca. 1205.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
415. A skull from Lecce : S .
Metopic.
C. 520, L. 182, B. 140, Bi. 769, H. 129, Hi. 709, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai, 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1440.
N/cohirci Collection. PurcJutsed, 1870.
ITALY.
97
416. A skull from Lecce : S •
The calvarial siitures are almost obliterated,
C. 518, L. 183, B. 142, K. 776, H. 138, Hi. 754, BX. 110,
BA. 108, Ai. 982, Nh. 54, Nw. 27, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1420.
Nicolucci Collection. Purcliased, 1870.
417. A skull from Lecce : 5 .
C. 457, L. 158, B. 130, Bi. 823, H. 119, Hi. 753, BX. 84,
BA. 82, Ai. 976, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1050.
Nicolucci Collection, Purcliasecl, 1870.
418. A skull from Naples : ? .
Metoi)ic.
C. 474, L. 168, B. 124, Bi. 738, H. 118, Hi. 702, BN. 99,
BA. 101, Ai. 1020, Nh. 45, Nw. 19, Ni. 422, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1090.
Nicolucci Collection, Purchased, 1870.
419. A skull from Naples : S •
A thick -waUed heavy cranium, presenting a moderate degree
of platybasic or plastic deformation. The sagittal suture is
completely obliterated, and the coronal and lambdoidal sutures
very simple.
C. 523, L. 183, B. 142, Bi. 776, H. 134, Hi. 732, BN. 106,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1047, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1450.
Nicolucci Collection, Purchased, 1870,
420. A skull from Naples : c? •
Metopic.
C. 500, L. 170, B. 145, Bi. 853, H. 129, Hi. 759, BN. 93,
BA. 91, Ai. 978, Nh. 49, Nw. 20, Ni. 408, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1250.
Nicolucci Collection, Purchased, 1870,
421. A skull of a young person from Naples : .
The basilar suture is still open, and the third molars are
coming into place.
C. 515, L. 186, B. 139, Bi. 747, H. 139, Hi. 747, BN. 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 896, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
H
98
EUROPE.
422. A skull from Benovento : J'.
C. 520, L. 187, B. 140, Bi. 749, H. 145, Hi. 775, B^. 107,
BA. 100, Ai. 935, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 41, Oh. 32,
Oi. 780, Ca. 1520.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
423. A skull from Benevento : 9 ?
The mastoid and styloid processes are much developed ; but
all the other characters are feminiiie. The left squamosal
articulates with the frontal by a broad process ; the right
approaches very near to it.
C. 482, L. 167, B. 135, Bi. 808, H. 127, Hi. 760, BX. 92
BA. 87, Ai. 946, Nh. 45, Nw. 20, Ni. 444, Ow. 36, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1028, Ca. 1245.
JSlcoIucci Collection. Purcliased, 1870.
424. A cranium from Fondi, Terra di Lavoro : S •
C. 482, L. 174, B. 124, Bi. 713, H. 132, Hi. 759, BX. 99,
BA. 95, Ai. 960, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 3] ,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1150.
JSicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
425. A cranium from Fondi : ^ .
C. 522, L. 179, B. 145, Bi. 810, H. 142, Hi. 793, BN. 103,
BA. 104, Ai. 1010, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi.900, Ca. 1640.
Hicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
426. A cranium from Fondi : S •
C. 507, L. 177, B. 137, Bi. 774, H. 134, Hi. 757, BN. 102,
BA. 97, Ai. 951, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1330.
JSicolitcci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
427. A skull from Cassino, Terra di Lavoro : S •
C. 520, L. 181, B. 14.5, Bi. 801, H. 129, Hi. 713, BN. 107,
BA. 102, Ai. 953, Nh. 54, Nw. 22, Ni. 407, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1530.
N^icolucci Collection. Purchu.'ied, 1870.
428. A cranium from Pontecorvo, Terra di Lavoro : ? .
C. 497, L. 174, B. 141, Bi. 810, H. 126, Hi. 724, BX. 92,
BA. 88, Ai. 957, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1250.
Sirohnri Collecl/nn. Pui'cJtascd, 1610.
ITALY.
99
429. A craninin from Isoletta, Terra di Lavoro : J".
C. 484, L. 166, B. 139, Bi. 837, H. 135, Hi. 813, BN. 105,
BA. 96, Ai. 914, Nh. 50, ^w. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1320.
Nieolucci Colleclion. P archased, 1870.
430. A skull from Isoletta : .
C. 505, L. 179, B. 140, Bi. 782, II. 128, Hi, 715, BX. 98,
BA. 99, Ai. 1010, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, M. 469, Ow. 3S, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1425.
Nieolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
431. A cranium from Ceprano, Province of Frosinone : J" .
C. 532, L. 190, B. 148, Bi. 779, II. 136, Hi. 716, BN. 101,
BA. 97, Ai. 960, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 41, Oh. 32,
Oi. 780, Ca. 1630.
Nieolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
432. A cranium from Ceprano : ^ .
Metopic.
C. 515, L. 180, B. 143, Bi. 794, H. 130, Hi. 722, BX. 109,
BA. 105, Ai. 963, Nh. 57, Nw. 28, Ni. 491, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1425.
Nieolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
433. A cranium from Ceprano : .
C. 515, L. 172, B. 147, Bi. 855, H. 134, Hi. 779. BN. 97,
BA. 92, Ai. 948, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1440.
Nieolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
434. The skull of a young person from Isola di Sora, Terra di
Lavoro.
The basilar suture is open ; and the last molars are not in
place. The right upper premolars are both misplaced, being
side by side and rotated on their axes.
C. 405, L. 158, B. 135, Bi. 854, H. 140, Hi. 886, BN. 98,
BA. 92, Ai. 939, Nh. 44, Nw. 21, Ni. 477, Ow. 34, Oh. 30,
Oi. 882.
Nieolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
435. A skull from Isola di Sora : S •
C. 512, L. 174, B. 150, Bi. 802, H. 138, Hi. 793, BN. 100,
BA. 93, Ai. 930, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1475.
Nieolucci Collection. Purchased, 1810,
100
EUROPE.
436. A skull from Isola di Sora : J ?
C. 482, L. 165, B. 139, Bi. 842, H. 127, Hi. 770, BX. 97,
BA.. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 44, Nw. 22, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 30,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1280.
JSicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
437. A skull from Isola di Sora : ^ .
The right squamosal just touches the frontal.
C. 548, L. 190, B. 153, Bi. 805, H. 135, Hi. 711, BX. 100,
BA.. 93, Ai. 930, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1720.
Nicolucc'i Collection. Purchased, 1870.
438. A cranium from Isola di Sora : <S •
C. 525, L. 178, B. 147, Bi. 826, H. 137, Hi. 770, m. 102,
BA. 96, Ai. 941, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1600.
JSHcohicci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
439. A skull from Isola di Sora : c? •
There is a largo "Wormian hone in the right fronto-parietal
suture ; and the posterior external angle of the left parietal
appears to have ossified from a separate centre.
C. 526, L. 183, B. 145, Bi. 792, H. 140, Hi. 765, BN. 97,
BA. 92, Ai, 948, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1590.
JSicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
440. The skull of a child from Isola di Sora.
The permanent incisors are in place ; but the upper milk-
molars are still retained.
C. 485, L. 170, B. 140, Bi. 824, H. 130, Hi. 765, BN. 93,
BA. 91, Ai. 978, Nh. 43, Nw. 20, Ni. 465, Ow. 35, Oh. 29,
Oi. 829.
JSicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
441. A cranium from Isola di Sora : $ .
It is motopic, and has a considerable bregmatic depression.
C. 498, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 783, H. 120, Hi. 686, BN. 94,
BA. 88, Ai. 936, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1220.
JSicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
ITALY.
101
442. A skull from Isola di Sora : .
G. 507, L. 167, B. 150, Bi. 898, H. 134, Hi. 802, BN. 94,
BA. 98, Ai. 1043, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1475.
JSicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
443. A skull from Isola di Sora : ^ •
The left squamosal just touches the frontal.
C. 498, L. 168, B. 143, Bi. 851, H. 130, Hi. 774, BN. 90,
BA. 87, Ai. 967, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1380.
N'lcolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
444. A skull from Isola di Sora : S •
It has a large, median, nearly symmetrical, lozenge-shaped
independent ossification at the bregma.
C. 512, L. 172, B. 144, Bi. 837, H. 135, Hi. 785, BN. 101,
BA. 96, Ai. 950, Nh. 51, Nw. 22, Ni. 431, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1420.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
445. A cranium from Isola di Sora : $ .
C. 492, L. 165, B. 144, Bi. 873, H. 129, Hi. 782, BN. 98,
BA. 93, Ai. 949, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, Ca. 1320.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
446. A cranium from Isola di Sora: .
C. 525, L. 182, B. 148, Bi. 813, H. 132, Hi. 725, BN. 97,
BA. 90, Ai. 928, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1590.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
447. A skull from Isola di Sora.
C. 465, L. 158, B. 133, Bi. 842, H. 122, Hi. 772, BN. 95,
BA. 97, Ai. 1021, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1140.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
448. A cranium from Isola di Sora : ^ .
Metopic.
C. 515, L. 182, B. 140, Bi. 769, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 104,
BA. 103, Ai. 990, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1390.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
102
EUROPE.
449. A skull from Tsola dl Sora : .
C. 530, L. 183, B. 153, Bi. 836, H. 147, Hi. 803, BN. 99,
BA. 88, Ai. 889, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ki. 462, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1750.
Nicolueci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
450. The cranium of an old person from Isola di Sora : ? .
All the teeth have been lost during life. The coronal snture
is partially obliterated.
C. 518, L. 184, B. 143, Bi. 777, H, 133, Hi. 723, Ca. 1520.
JS^icolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
451. A skull from Isola di Sora : S •
The occiput is flattened, as if from pressure in infancy. The
sagittal and lambdoidal sutures are almost obliterated.
C. 522, L. 173, B. 157, Bi. 908, H. 142, Hi. 821, m. 102,
BA. 97, Ai. 951, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 82], Ca. 1680.
Kicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
452. A cranium from Isola di Sora : ? .
C. 502, L. 181, B. 134, Bi. 740, H. 130, Hi. 718, BN. 95,
BA. 91, Ai. 958, Nh. 49, Nw. 21, Ki. 429, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1330.
Nicolueci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
453. A cranium from Isola di Sora : ^ .
C. 518, L. 180, B. 146, Bi. 811, H. 133, Hi. 739, BN. 104,
BA. 97, Ai. 933, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ki. 551, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1430.
Nicolueci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
454. A cranium from Arpino, Terra di Lavoro : .
C. 538, L. 189, B. 145, Bi. 767, H. 140, Hi. 741, BN. Ill,
BA. 103, Ai. 928, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 44, Oh. 36,
Oi. 818, Ca. 1635.
Nicolueci Colleetion. Purchased, 1870.
455. A cranium from Arpino : .
C. 540, L. 183, B. 155, Bi. 824, H. 129, Hi. 686, BN. 103,
BA. 105, Ai. 1019, Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Jsi. 473, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1670.
Nicolueci Collection. Purc]u(sed, 1870.
ITALY.
103
456. A skull from Arpino : c? •
C. 497, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 783, H. 132, Hi. 754, B:^. 104,
Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 509, Ow. 43, Oh. 34, Oi. 791, Ca. 1220.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
457. A skull from Arpino : .
C. 528, L. 188, B. 142, Bi. 755, H. 143, Hi. 761, B?^. 108,
BA. 99, Ai. 917, Nh. 56, Nw. 23, Ni. 411, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1600.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
458. A cranium from Arpino : c? •
C. 503, L. 170, B. 144, Bi. 847, H. 132, Hi. 776, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1370.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
459. A skull of an aged person from Arpino : $ .
All the teeth have been lost ; but the calvarial sutures are
only partially closed.
C. 502, L. 176, B. 142, Bi. 807, H. 126, Hi. 710, BN. 92,
Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 34, Oh. 33, Oi. 971, Ca. 1400.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
460. A skull from Arpino : S •
C. 510, L. 179, B. 141, Bi. 788, H. 124, Hi. 693, BN. 96,
BA. 96, Ai. 1000, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1350.
Nicolucci Collection.. Purchased, 1870.
461. A cranium from Arpino.
C. 495, L. 173, B. 143, Bi. 827, H. 124, Hi. 717, BN. 93,
BA. 90, Ai. 968, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1300.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
462. A cranium from Arpino : ^ .
C. 515, L. 174, B. 150, Bi. 862, H. 134, Hi. 770, BN. 95,
BA. 90, Ai. 947, Nh. 53, Nw. 22, Ni. 415, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1560.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
463. A cranium from Arpino : •
C. 525, L. 185, B. 145, Bi. 784, H. 136, Hi. 735, EX. 102,
104
EUBOPE.
BA. 96, Ai. 941, Nh. 58, Nw. 28, Wi. 483, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1525.
Kicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
464. The skull of a young person from Sora, Terra di Lavoro :
?.
The basilar suture is not closed. All the permanent teeth are
in place, except the third molars.
C. 465, L. 163, B. 132, Bi. 810, H. 125, Hi. 767, BX. 89,
BA. 86, Ai. 966, Nh. 42, Nw. 20, Ni. 476, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
465. A cranium from Sora : .
The stylohyals are strongly ossified and ankylosed to the
skull, forming a " styloid process " on the right side two inches
in length. That of the left side has been broken off.
C. 512, L. 171, B. 147, Bi. 860, H. 134, Hi. 784, BN. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 29,
Oi. 744, Ca. 1400.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
466. A cranium from Castelluccio : ^ .
The basal portion is broken away.
C. 523, L. 182, B. 147, Bi. 808, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444,
Ow. 39, Oh. 33, Oi. 846, Ca. 1680 (approximately).
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
467. The cranium of a child from Castelluccio.
The mUk-molars and first permanent molars are in place.
C. 470, L. 163, B. 135, Bi. 828, H. 123, Hi. 755, BN. 82,
BA. 76, Ai. 927, Nh. 39, Nw. 20, Ni. 513, Ow. 34, Oh. 31,
Oi. 912.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
4G8. A cranium from Atiua, Terra di Lavoro : ^ .
C. 498, L. 170, B. 142, Bi. 835, H. 131, Hi. 771, BN. 95,
BA. 91, Ai. 958, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1400.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
469. A cranium from Alvito, Terra di Lavoro: S •
A Wormian bone is developed in the right side of the coronal
suture.
ITALY.
105
C. 533, L. 190, B. 144, Bi. 758, H. 140, Hi. 737, BX. 101,
Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 40, Ob. 30, Oi. 750, Ca. 1620.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
470. A skull from Pescosolido, Terra di Lavoro : S .
C. 523, L. 183, B. 145, Bi. 792, H. 125, Hi. 683, BN". 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1460.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
471. A skull from Pescosolido :
C. 485, L. 164, B. 144, Bi. 878, H. 127, Hi. 774, BI^. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 48, 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 39. Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1260.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
472. A cranium from Santo Padre, Terra di Lavoro : ^ .
C. 515, L. 181, B. 143, Bi. 790, H. 124, Hi. 685, BN. 101,
BA. 100, Ai. 990, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1490.
Nicolucci Colleciion. Purchased, 1870.
473. A cranium from Bamo, Province of Frosinone : $ .
C. 523, L. 178, B. 149, Bi. 837, H. 125, Hi. 702, Ca. 1405.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
474. A skull from Rome : S •
C. 520, L. 180, B. 144, Bi. 800, H. 137, Hi. 761, BN. 106,
BA. 101, Ai. 953, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1530.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
475. A skull from Rome : ^ .
Marked " Cranio romano odierno. Prof. Carlo Maggiorano."
The region of the opisthion is remarkably flattened, giving
a nearly horizontal direction to the plane of the occipital
foramen (which is of very small size), and a basilar angle
of 30°*.
C. 533, L. 183, B. 149, Bi. 814, H. 128, Hi. 699, BN. 96,
BA. 99, Ai. 1031, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1500.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
* The angle NBY, Broca, ' Instructions craniologiques ' (1875), p. 92.
106
EUROrE.
476. A skull from Rome : J •
This forms a great contrast to tlie last in the prominence of
the region of the opisthion, the basilar angle being only 7°.
C. 523, L. 181, B. 147, Bi. 812, H. 130, Hi. 718, m. 95,
BA. 95, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1620.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
477. A skull from Rome: S.
" Trasteverino dell' eta di 40 anni."
C. 520, L. 182, B. 145, Bi. 797, H. 124, Hi. 681, B'^. 96,
BA. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1525.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
[478. Transferred to Pathological Series, No. 1238 a.]
479. A skull from Rome : S •
C. 525, L. 183, B. 146, Bi. 798, H. 140, Hi. 765, BN. 107,
BA. 98, Ai. 916, Nh. 53, Nw. 26. Ni. 491, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1500.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
480. A cranium from Ferentino, Province of Frosinone : S •
The calvarial sutures are almost obliterated.
C. 515, L. 184, B. 138, Bi. 750, H. 135, Hi. 734, BN. 99,
BA. 103, Ai. 1040, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 39, Oh. 29,
Oi. 744, Ca. 1600.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
481. A cranium from Ferentino : 9 .
C. 472, L. 164, B. 132, Bi. 805, H. 120, Hi. 732, BN. 90,
BA. 96, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1060.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
482. A cranium from Ferentino : 2 ,
C. 520, L. 186, B. 144, Bi. 774, H. 129, Hi. 694, BX. 98,
BA. 92, Ai. 939, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 38, Oh 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1420.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
483. A cranium from Balsoraao, Abruzzo : J'.
The calvarial sutures are almost obliterated.
C. 530, L. 183, B. 148, Bi. 809, H. 137, Hi. 719, BX. 101,
ITALY.
107
BA. 94, Ai. 931, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, M. 490, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1550.
Nicolucci Collection. Purcliased, 1870.
484. A cranium from S. Griovaniii in Valle Roveto, Abruzzo :
The teeth have been lost during life ; and the calvarlal
sutures are consolidated.
C. 508, L. 182, B. 134, Bi. 736, H. 129, Hi. 709, BN. 100,
Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 39, Oh. 32, Oi. 821, Ca. 1400.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
485. The cranium of a child from S. Giovanni in Valle Koveto.
The milk-teeth and first true molars are in place. The frontal
suture is not closed. Besides the epipteric bones on both sides,
there is a separate ossification along the whole of the left
squamoso-parietal suture.
C. 505, L. 178, B. 142, Bi. 798, H. 127, Hi. 713, BN. 88,
BA. 83, Ai. 943, Nh. 44, Nw. 21, Ni. 477, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
486. A cranium from S. Giovanni in Valle Roveto : ? .
C. 477, L. 166, B. 137, Bi. 825, H. 130, Hi. 783, BN. 92,
BA. 87, Ai. 946, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1250.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
487. A cranium from Capistrello, Abruzzo : S •
A very heavy cranium. The calvarial sutures are nearly
consolidated.
C. 527, L. 180, B. 153, Bi. 850, H. 137, Hi, 761, BN. 99,
BA. 92, Ai. 929, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1590.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
488. A skull from Capistrello: ? .
Metopic, with bregmatic depression and occipital flattening.
C. 508, L. 172, B. 148, Bi. 860, H. 129, Hi. 750, BN. 99,
BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1435.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
489. A skull from Avezzano, Abruzzo : ? .
C. 495, L. 168, B. 146, Bi. 869, H. 125, Hi. 744, BN. 93,
108
EUROPE.
BA. 88, Ai. 946, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1370.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
4110. A cranium from Avezzano: ^ .
C. 493, L. 168, B. 141, Bi. 839, H. 130, Hi. 774, BX. 91,
BA. 89, Ai. 978, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1360.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
491. A cranium from Luco, Abruzzo : c? •
The sagittal and coronal sutures are nearly obliterated.
C. 517, L. 182, B. 144, Bi. 791, H. 137,'Hi. 753, BN. 101,
BA. 97, Ai. 960, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1500.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
492. A cranium of a young person from Luco: ? .
The basilar suture is open. All the permanent teeth, except
the posterior molars, are in place. There is a considerable post-
bregmatic transverse depression.
C. 482, L. 165, B. 138, Bi. 836, H. 135, Hi. 818, BN. 104,
BA. 95, Ai. 913, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
493. A cranium from Luco : .
A partially healed horizontal incision, apparently from a
sabre-blow, extends nearly across the frontal bone.
C. 493, L. 176, B. 133, Bi. 756, H. 140, Hi. 795, BN. 100,
BA. 93, Ai. 930, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 820, Ca. 1250.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
494. A cranium from Luco : ? .
C. 507, L. 180, B. 137, Bi. 761, H. 125, Hi. 694, BN. 100,
Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi. 919, Ca. 1340.
Nicolucci Collection. Purcliased, 1870.
495. A cranium from Luco : S •
The calvarial sutures are nearly obliterated.
C. 505, L. 175, B. 140, Bi. 800, H. 137, Hi. 783, BN. 100,
BA. 93, Ai. 930, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1355.
Nicolucci Collection. PurcJutsed, 1870.
ITALY.
109
496. A cranium from Alba Fucense, Abruzzo : S •
C. 515, L. 180, B. 140, Bi. 778, H. 132, Hi. 733, BN. 100,
BA. 109, Ai. 1090, m. 55, Nw. 22, Ni. 400, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1480.
JSicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
497. A cranium from Ortucchio, Abruzzo : S •
C. 510, L. 178, B. 143, Bi. 803, H. 134, Hi. 753, BN. 94,
BA. 98, Ai. 1043, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1410.
JSicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
498. A cranium from Trasacco, Abruzzo : ^ .
C. 507, L. 177, B. 144, Bi. 814, H. 130, Hi. 734, BN. 105,
BA. 105, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1380.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
499. A cranium from Paterno, Abruzzo : ? .
C. 500, L. 178, B. 137, Bi. 770, H. 130, Hi. 730, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1375.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
500. A skull from Tagliacozzo, Abruzzo : ? .
C. 492, L. 176, B. 132, Bi. 750, H. 122, Hi. 693, BN. 94,
BA. 88, Ai. 936, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 35, Oh. 33, Oi.
943, Ca. 1290.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
501. A skull from Popoli, Abruzzo : ? .
C. 507, L. 178, B. 142, Bi. 798, H. 121, Hi. 680, BN. 93,
BA. 88, Ai. 946, Nh. 51 , Nw. 21, Ni. 412, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1330.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
502. A cranium from Aquila, Abruzzo : S ■
It is flattened posteriori j-, apparently from compression in
infancj^
C. 500, L. 167, B. 150, Bi. 898, H. 135, Hi. 808, BN. 100,
BA. 90, Ai. 900, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 36, Oh. 34, Oi.
944, Ca. 1400.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
110
EUROPE.
5U3. A cranium from Aquila : ? .
All the teeth have been lost during life.
C. 483, L. 169, B. 134, Bi. 793, H. 126, Hi. 746, BN. 95,
Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 36, Oh. 33, Oi. 917, Ca. 1160.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
504. A skull from Aquila : S •
Though all the true molars are in place, the second left lower
milk-molar is retained and occupies the place of the permanent
premolar, which appears not to have been developed. The
sagittal suture is almost entirely obliterated, though the coronal
and lambdoidal sutures are free.
C. 528, L. 192, B. 144, Bi. 750, H. 138, Hi. 719, BN. 103,
BA. 93, Ai. 903, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi.
897, Ca. 1525.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
505. A cranium from Aquila.
The teeth have nearly all been lost during life ; but the right
canine is retained in the alveolus, and displaced inwards. The
contiguous premolar is also displaced, and rotated on its axis.
C. 480, L. 170, B. 135, Bi. 794, H. 127, Hi. 747, BN. 95,
Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 39, Oh. 33, Oi. 846, Ca. 1170.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
506. A skull from Chieti, Abruzzo : ^ .
Metopic, though the sagittal suture is partly closed.
C. 523, L. 188, B. 138, Bi. 734, H. 128, Hi. 681, BN. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 52, Nw. 20, Ni. 385, Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi.
919, Ca. 1450.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
507. A cranium from Torviglia, Provincia di Genova : $ .
Marked " Montanaro Ligure. Garbiglietti. Yero tipo dei
Monte Liguri." This and the next are remarkable for their low
vertical (basibrogmatic) diameter (II). The elevated position of
the basion and consequent shortness of the basinasal line (BN)
causes the high alveolar index. The squamosals and frontals in
both nearly meet at theptcrion, a small ei)ip(eric being intci posed.
C. 519, L. 179, B. 140, Bi. 810, II. 115, Hi. 642. BN. 86,
BA. 92, Ai. 1070, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi.
895, Ca. 1445.
Nicolucci ('oUcrtioii. Purchased, 1870.
ITALY.
Ill
508. A skull o£ a peasant from Porto Maurizio, Liguria.
Marked " Montanaro Ligure in sui 70 anni. Garbiglietti."
All the upper teeth have been lost during life, though the lower
incisors and premolars remain.
C. 500, L. 171, B. 144, Ei. 842, H. 112, Hi. 655, EN. 85,
Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 36, Oli. 37, Oi. 1028, Ca. 1280.
Aicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1873.
509. A skull from Liguria, Provincia di Genova: J".
Marked " Montanaro Ligure in sui 50 anni. Garbiglietti."
The atlas is firmly ankylosed to the occipital bone. The cal-
varial sutures are very complex ; and there is an oblong Wormian
bone at the anterior extremity of the sagittal suture. As will
be seen by the indices, this skull is of a totally differeat form
from the two which precede it.
C. 527, L. 186, E. 142, Bi. 763, H. 143, Hi. 769, EN. 106,
BA. 106, Ai. 1000, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 452, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1570.
Nicolucci Collection. Purcliased, 1870.
510. A skull of a native of Parma : ^ .
C. 535, L. 178, B. 153, Bi. 860, H. 136, Hi. 764, BN. 104,
BA. 98, Ai. 942, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 40, Oh. 36, Oi.
900, Ca. 1550.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
511. The skull of a male native of Modena.
A metopic skull, with commencing obliteration of the sutures.
C. 510, L. 184, B. 135, Bi. 734, H. 127, Hi. 690, BN. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 39, Oh. 33, Oi.
846, Ca. 1310.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
The six following specimens (but more especially Nos. 514 and 515)
exhibit very well the characteristic differences of the skull in the two
sexes.
512. The skull of a male Modenese, aged 45.
The teeth are very small, and the posterior molars absent in
both jaws.
C. 517, L. 173, E. 154, Bi. 890, H. 13-5, Hi. 780, BN. 97,
BA. 87, Ai. 897, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 32, Oi.
821, Ca. 1570.
Nicohicei Collection. Purchased, 1870.
112
EUROPE.
513. The skull of a female native of Modena.
Metopic. The mastoid processes are large for a female.
C. 480, L. 170, B. 132, Bi. 776, H. 117, Hi. 688, BN. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 45, Nw. 23, Ni. 511, Ow. 35, Oh. 29,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1235.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
514. The skull of a man of Bologna.
C. 534, L. 186, B. 145, Bi. 780, H. 136, Hi. 731, m. 110,
BA. 105, Ai. 955, Nh 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 42, Oh, 36,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1520.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
515. The skull of a woman of Bologna.
Both permanent upper canines are partially embedded in
the palate, and the milk-canines occupy their places in the
dental arch, although the basilar suture is united and the third
molars are coming into place. The posterior lower right milk-
molar is also retained ; but it is about to be displaced by its
successor. The second left lower incisor has a bifurcate root.
C. 487, L. 170, B. 137, Bi. 806, H. 122, Hi. 718, m. 94,
BA. 97, Ai. 1032, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1225.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
516. The skull of a Lombard of Pavia : S •
" From Professor Garbiglietti. The phrenological system of
Vimont has been marked ou the left side by Dr. Panizza."
C. 502, L. 171, B. 143, Bi. 836, H. 140, Hi. 819, BN. 101,
BA. 97, Ai. 960, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi.
868, Ca. 1430.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
517. A skull from Pavia: ? .
The right upper canine is embedded in the palate.
C. 487, L. 170, B. 138, Bi. 812, H. 125, Hi. 735, BN. 93,
BA. 88, Ai. 946, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 34, Oh. 34, Oi.
1000, Ca. 1300.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
518. The cranium of a woman of Breschia, Lombardia.
Metopic.
C. 480, L. 167, B. 133, Bi. 796, H. 125, Hi. 749, BN. 92,
BA. 86, Ai. 935, Nh. 44, Nw. 21, Ni. 477, Ow. 35, Oh. 34, Oi.
971, Ca. 1290.
Nicolucci C olh'i-tloii. Purchased, 1870.
ITALY.
113
519. A skull from Turin : $.
" Piemontese in sui 45 anni. Garbiglietti."
C. 523, L. 179, B. 150, Bi. 838, H. 140, Hi. 782, BN. 102
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Q^. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1600.
Nicolucd Collection. Purcliased, 1870.
520. A mutilated calvaria from Rivarolo, Canavese.
From a tomb of the sixteenth centurj'.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased^ 1870.
521. A skull from S. Komedio, Trentino : S .
C. 518, L. 173, B. 152, Bi. 879, H. 132, Hi. 763, BX. 95,
BA. 87, Ai. 916, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, 0\v. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1430.
Nicolucci Collection. PurcliaseJ, 1870.
522. A cranium from S. Romedio, Trentino ; ? .
AH the teeth have been lost during life, and the alveolar pro-
cesses of the maxillas are completely absorbed.
C. 498, L. 175, B. 140, Bi. 800, H. 130, Hi. 743, BN. 99,
Ifh. 45, Nw. 21, Ni. 467, Ow. 41, Oh. 32, Oi. 780, Ca. 1200.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
523. The skull of a male native of Udine, Proviuciadi Yenczia;
an infantry soldier, aged 22.
C. 503, L. 170, B. 148, Bi. 871, H. 125, Hi. 735, BN. 102,
BA. 97, Ai. 951, NTi. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi.
919, Ca. 1430.
Nicolucci Collection. PurcJiased, 1870 .
524. The skull of a male native of Solino, Belluno, Provincia di
Venezia; an infantry soldier, aged 23.
C. 505, L. 175, B. 140, Bi. 800, H. 121, Hi. 691, BN. 99,
BA. 99, Ai. 1000, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1360.
Nicolucci Collection. Purcliase.l, 1870.
525. A cranium from Palazzolo, Acreide, Sicily : .
The frontal bone has been broken and a great portion lost.
C. 508, L. 180, B. 146, Bi. 811, H. 136, Hi. 756, BN. 101.
Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 31, Oi. 816, Ca. 1450,
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
114
EUROPE.
526. A cranium from Palermo, Sicily : J •
Metopic.
C. 504, L. 172, B. 139, Bi. 808, H. 130, Hi. 756, BN. 97,
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, m. 46, N\t. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1400.
Nicolucci Collection, Purchased, 1870.
527. The cranium of a Piedmontese : . 0. C. 5718.
C. 526, L. 178, B. 150, Bi. 843, H. 140, Hi. 787, BN. 102,
BA. 93, Ai. 912, Nh. 49, Nw. 21, Ni. 429, Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi.
895, Ca. 1625.
From lite Collection of John Flint South, Esq.
Purchased, 1835.
527 ^ The cranium of a Sardinian, from the north of Sardinia
near Castel Sardo.
C. 509, L. 185, B. 129, Bi. 697, H. 131, Hi. 708, BN. 98,
BA. 94, Ai. 959, Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1425.
Presented hij SIgnor Riccardo Magnelli, of the Museum of
Natural History, Florence, 1880.
E. Greece and the Axcient Greek Colonies.
a. Ancient.
528. A skull from an ancient tomb at Cuma (Eolic colonj') * :
C. 557, L. 203, B. 145, Bi. 714, H. 140, Hi. 690, BN. 110
BA. 110, Ai. 1000, Nh. 55, Nw. 31, Ni. 564, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Cu. 1600.
Nicolucci Collection (1). Purchased, 1870.
529. A skull from an ancient tomb at Cuma : ? .
C. 525, L. 188, B. 139, Bi. 739, H. 129, Hi. 686, BN. 105,
BA. 102, Ai. 971, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897.
Nirohirci CoUccfiou. I'urchascd, 1870.
530. A cranium from an ancient Greek tombatNola (Chalcidic
colony) : ? ?
C. 502, L. 175, B. 142, Bi. 811, H. 117, Hi. 669, BN. 97,
* This and the three fillowiiig are clashed as Greek on the autliurily of
Dr. Nicolucei,
GREECE.
115
BA. 101, Ai. 1041, Nh. 57, Nw. 23, Wu -104, Ow. 38, Oh. 38,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1250.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
531. A cranium from a very rich Greek tomb at Ruvo (Magna
Grgecia) : •
C. 493, L. 175, B.130, Bi. 743, H. 139, Hi. 794, BN". 96,
BA. 92, Ai. 958, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 709, Ca. 1310.
Nicolucci Collection. PurcJiased, 1870.
531 ^ A skull from the Island of Antiparos, one of the Cyclades,
found with relics Avhich appear to have belonged to a
period before the 16th Century B.C. See 'Athenaeum/
3rd May, 1884.
C. 510, L. 178, B. 144, Bi. 809, H. 141, Hi. 792, BN. 101,
BA. 88, Ai. 871, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1450.
Presented hy Theodore Bent, Esq., 1881.
531^. An imperfect calvaria and several bones from the same
place.
C. 542, L. 190, B. 145, Bi. 763.
Presented hy T. Bent, Esq., 1884.
b. Modern.
532. A skull from Corfu : ^ .
Marked " Cranio di un Corcircso del viUaggio Europidu.
Dono del Prof. Zaviziano."
C. 538, L. 195, B. 140, Bi. 718, H. 139, Hi. 713, BN. 106,
BA. 103, Ai. 972, Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1650.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
533. A skull from Corfu : ^ .
" Native del villaggio Castcllanos. Dono del Prof. Zaviziano."
C. 517, L. 186, B. 137, Bi. 737, H. 137, Hi. 737, BN. 107,
BA. 102, Ai. 953, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1450.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
534. A cranium from Corfu : ? .
Metopic.
C. 500, L. 179, B. 134, Bi. 749, H. 125, Hi. 698, BN. 91,
i2
116
EUROPE.
BA. 89, Ai. 978, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 31, Oi.
861, Ca. 1230.
Kicolucci Collection. PurcJiased, 1870.
535. A cranium from Zante : S ?
Metopic, but with partial consolidation from advancing ago
of all the calvarial sutures.
C. 505, L. 175, B. 142, Bi. 811, H. 136, Hi. 777, BN. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi.
919, Ca. 1450.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
536. The skull of a native of the island of Paxo.
" Dono del Prof. Zaviziano."
The teeth have all been lost during life ; and the calvarial
sutures are nearly obliterated.
C. 490, L. 173, B. 135, Bi. 780, H. 140, Hi. 809, BK 104,
Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1290.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
537. A skull from Tripolitz:i, Morca : S •
C. 515, L. 174, B. 148, Bi. 851, H. 134, Hi. 770, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 55, Nw. 29, Ni. 527, Ow. 37, Oh. 35, Oi.
946, Ca. 1580.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
538. A skull from Tripolitza : c? ■
C. 520, L. 181, B. 147, Bi. 812, H. 134, Hi. 740, BN. 102,
BA. 101, Ai. 990, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 717, Ca. 1500.
Nicolucci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
530. The cranium of an Ejiirote from Aita (Epirus) : ^ .
From Prof. Zaviziano. The occipital region is remarkably
and unsymmetrically flattened, from pressure in infancy.
C. 522, L. 175, B. 158, Bi. 903, H. 140, Hi. 800, BN. 98,
BA. 91, Ai. 929, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 400, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1650.
Nicoliuxi Collection. Purchased, ]<:>70.
540. The skull of an Epirote from Arta : ^ .
C. 527, L. 180, B. 153, Bi. 850, H. 139, Hi. 772, BN. 100,
Nh. 49, Nw. 20, Ni. 531, Ow. 40, Oh. 33, Oi. 825, Ca. 1630.
Nicolncci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
CENTRAL EUROPE.
117
541. A skull of a native of the Acrocerauaian Mountains,
Albania : ? .
" Giovane di anni 21 di religione greca, nata su' monti Acro-
cerauni. Dono del Prof. Zaviziano."
C. 468, L. 156, B. 140, Bi. 897, H. 126, Hi. 808, BN. 88,
BA. 89, Ai. 1011, Nh. 42, Nw. 22, M. 524, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi. 806, Ca. 1255.
Nicolncci Collection. Purchased, 1870.
542. The cranium of a modern Grreek. 0. C. 5716. c??
C. 512, L. 183, B. 134, Bi. 732, H. 140, Hi. 765, BN. 107,
BA. 104, Ai. 972, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1450.
Presented hy Dr. John Davy.
543. The cranium of a Greek. 0. C. 5717. S .
C. 509, L. 178, B. 140, Bi. 787, H. 129, Hi. 725, BN. 98,
Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 4l80, Ow. 41, Oh. 37, Oi. 902, Ca. 1550.
Presented hy Dr. John Davy.
F. Central Europe.
(The Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland.)
[544] A cast of the upper part of a cranium discovered (with
278^ other bones of the skeleton) in a limestone-cave in the
Neanderthal, near Hochdal, between Diisseldorf and
Elberfeld, in the year 1857.
Seo Prof. Schaafhausen, in Miiller's Archiv, 1858, p. 543 ;
Busk, in Nat. Hist. lieview, 1861, p. 155, and elsewhere, under
the name of " the Neanderthal skull." The original is now in
the museum at Bonn.
C. 560 ; L. glabello-occipital 201, ophryo-occipital 190 ;
B. 151, Bi. 795.
Presented by Professor Huxley, 18C2.
544 ^ A cranium from a Dutch cemetery of the 17th Century
at Nagapatam, South India.
B. 136, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 42, Oh. 34, Oi. 810.
118
EUROPE.
544:^. A cranium from the same place.
C. 505, L. 181, K 122, Bi. 674, H. 131, Hi. 724, BN. 98,
BA. 97, Ai. 990, Xh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868.
544 ^. A cranium from the same place.
C. 467, L. 166, B. 131, Bi. 789, H. 128, Hi. 771, BN. 96,
BA. 99, Ai. 1031, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 35, Oh. 29,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1150.
The ahove three specimens presented hy Dr. John Sliortt,
De2mti/ Surgeon- General, 1882.
544^ The skull of a Dutchman (metopic), from Surinam.
C. 505, L. 177, B. 139, Bi. 785, H. 132, Hi. 746, BX. 103,
BA. 97, Ai. 942, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1390.
J. II. Spitzly Collection.
[545] A cast of the " Engis skull," discovered and described by
279 Dr. Schmerling.
The original is in the museum at Liege. The circumstances
under which ib was found, its probahle antiquity, and its cha-
racters are discussed in Lyell's ' Antiquity of Man,' Huxley's
' Man's Place in Nature,' and many other works on the same
subject.
C. 530, L. 191, B. 137, Bi. 717.
Presented hy Sir Charles Lijell, Bart., 18G8.
546. A skull from the ancient cemetery at Hallstatt, near IschI,
in the Austrian Tyrol : S •
The weapons and imi.Iements found in this cemetery prove it
to belong to the period when bronze was being superseded by
iron or steel for cutting-purposes in that part of Europe. See
Von Saukcn's ' Grabfcld von Hallstalt in Obcrostcrreich luid
desscn Altcnthiimer,' 4to, "NVien, 1808.
C. 523, L. 181, B. 150, Bi. 829, H. 138, Hi. 762.
Presented hij Sir John Lrdjbock, Ijart., and
John Kvans, Esq., 1809.
546 \ A cast of the macrocopiuilic cranium found in Csongrad
in Hungary, described in an illustrated memoir by the
donor.
Presented hy Prof. Joseph von Lenliossek, 1879.
CENTRAL EUROrE.
m
546 ^. The skull of a male Bohemian, " JozeE Hovarka,"
21 years old, boro at Kobili, Bohemia.
C. 500, L. 170, B. 142, Bi. 835, H. 129, Hi. 759, BN. 100,
BA. 98, Ai. 980, Nh. 48, Nvv. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 187.
54G ^. The skull of a male Bohemian. " TubaJa Takab," born
at Wastredek, Bohemia.
C. 530, L. 186, B. 144, Bi. 774, H. 121, Hi. 651, BX. 99,
BA. 99, Ai. 1000, m. 54, J^w. 22, Ni. 407, Ovv. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1420.
Anth'opol. Soc, No. 184,
516*. The cranium of a male Bohemian. " Vala Hynek,"
33 years old, from Postloz, Southern Bohemia. One of
the prisoners from the famine rebellion in Bak, 18GG.
C. 510, L. 172, B. 148, Bi. 860, H. 138, Hi. 802, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1520.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 188.
546". The cranium of a Bohemian. "Anskey Wenzel," 31
years old, from Berunitz.
C. 478, L. 158, B. 145, Bi. 918, H. 129, Hi. 816, BN. 90,
BA. 92, Ai. 1022, Nh. 51, Nw. 22, Ni. 431, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1315.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 186.
546 \ The skull of a Tyrolese : S •
C. 505, L. 173, B. 145, Bi. 838, H. 129, Hi. 746, BN. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1420.
AntJirojml. Soc, No. 146.
546 ^, The skull of a male Slavian from Carniola, " Krotelz
Johan," 30 years old, from Perloka, Tschernembl, Krain.
C. 508, L. 172, B. 140, Bi. 814, H. 139, Hi. 808, BN. 106,
BA. 100, Ai. 943, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1480.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 185,
546^. The skull of a Tazygian from Austria : (J .
C. 525, L. 177, B. 150, Bi. 847, H. 130, Hi, 734, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1550.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 59.
120
EUROPE.
G. The Danubian Provinces.
547. The cranium o£ a Servian soldier. 0. C. 5714.
C. 498, L. 1G8, B. 144, Bi. 857, H. 130, Hi. 774, BN. 99,
Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1330.
Presented hy J. W. Gutch, Esq.
548. The nuitiliited cranium of a Servian soldier. 0. C. 5715.
B. 152, H. 139.
Presented hy J, W . Gutch, Esq.
549. The cranium of a Bulgarian peasant.
A waggon-driver of the Servian army, killed in Ihe Turco-
Scrvian war, August 1876, between Nissa and Alexenatz.
C. 500, L. 177, B. 134, Bi. 757, H. 140, Hi. 791, EX. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 46, JSV. 25, Tsi. 543, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 820, Ca. 1315.
Presented hy Armand Leslie, Esq., 1877.
549 The skull of a Saxon from Transylvania : (J •
C. 514, L. 174, B. 147, Bi. 865, H. 131, Hi. 753, BX. 99,
BA. 95, Ai. 960, Nh. 55, Nw. 21, Ni. 382, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1510,
Anthropol. Soc, No. 145.
549 \ The skull of a Wend from Transylvania : S ■
C. 510, L. 175, B. 141, Bi. 806, H. 121, Hi. 737, BK 102,
BA. 91, Ai. 892, Nh. 53, Nw. 22, Ni. 415, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1410.
Antliropol. Soc., No. 147.
549^. The skull of an Armenian from Transj Ivania : ^ .
C. 515, L. 175, B. 145, Bi. 829, H. 129, Hi. 737, BN. 98,
BA. 94, Ai. 959, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, iS'i. 491, Ow. 37, Oh. 39,
Oi. 1054, Ca. 1560.
Antliropol. Soc , No. 20,
549*. The skull of a Masure from Transylvania. : 5.
C. 488, L. 164, B. 116, Bi. 890, H. 127, Hi. 774, m. 91,
BA. 97, Ai. 1066, Kh. 41, Nw. 23, Ni. 561, Ow. 38, Oh. 29,
Oi. 763, Ca. 1380.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 70.
SCANDINAVIA.
121
H. Scandinavia.
550. A cast of an ancient cranium from Bohuslan, being " the
type of a class of skulls called ' dolichocephalic ' by the
d^onor." 0. C. 5709.
It is figured in Nilsson's ' Primitive Inhabitants of
Scandinavia,' edited by Lubbock (1868), pi. xv. figs. 253,
254, & 255, and referred to at p. 116 as found in 1843 in
a sbell-bed at Stangenas, in the parish of Bro. The original is
in the museum at Lund.
C. 560, L. 198, B. 116, Bi. 737.
Presented hy Professor Retzius.
[551] A cast of the cranium of an ancient inhabitant of Scandi-
279 * navia, " being the type of a class of skulls called ' brachy-
cephalic ' by the donor." 0. C. 5708.
It appears to be that figured in Nilsson's ' Primitive In-
habitants of Scandinavia,' edited by Lubbock (1868), pi. xii.
figs. 230, 231, & 232, as " brachycephalous cranium from a
gallery-grave on Moen," and referred to at p. 121 of the work.
C. 507, L. 172, B. 145, Bi. 843
Presented hy Professor Rttzius.
552. A cast of a cranium from a gallery-grave in the inland of
Moen, Denmark. 0. C. 5710.
" It is concluded to have belonged to an individual inhumed
at a period prior to a knowledge of the working or use of
metals in Denmark." Figured by Nilsson, in the work cited
above, pi. xiii. fig. 240, by Retzius, ' Ethnol. Schriften,' pi. iii.
fig. 2, and measured by Yirchow as No. 39 in the ' Archiv fiir
Anthrop.' iv. 1870, pp. 69 «& 85.
Original in the Physiological Museum, Copenhagen, 1879.
C. 487, L. 172, B. 133, Bi. 773, H. 140, Hi. 814, BIST. 105,
BA. 106, Ai. 1010, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 35, Oh. 28,
Oi. 800.
Presented hy Professor JEscJiricJU.
553. The skull of a Lapp. 0. C. 5711. ^.
Inscribed " Lapp from Lycksele, Umea, Lappmark. Pre-
sented by Dr. Lindstrom, 1840." The man probably died in
hospital or under medical treatment, as the calvaria has been
122
EUROPE.
removed in the recent state, apparently for the purpose of exa-
mining the brain. The skull is metopic, and has numerous
small Wormian bones in the lambdoidal suture.
C. 530, L. 181, B. 149, Bi. 823, H. 135, Hi. 746, BN. 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 41, Oh. 32,
Oi. 780, Ca. IGOO.
Presented hrj Professor Esehriclit.
The following seven specimens of crania and bones of ancient
pagan Lapps (excluding Nos. 554 ^ and 554 ^) were collected by
Mr. A. G. Nordvi, who, iu a letter dated " Christiania, May 15th,
1878," says of them :—
"These skulls were found bj- myself atMortensuoes, 70° 7' by 46° 47',
near the head of the Varangerfjord, in East Einmark, Norway. The
graves in which they were found are situated in places where tolerably
large flat stones abound. They have a depth of about two yards by a
width of one yard or more, and are covered by many layers of flat
stones. The fact that the graves are situated in such airy, dry
localities — their bottom consisting only of loose, flat stones — explains
why the skulls, iu spite of their great age, are so well preserved
in some instances, viz. where they have not been crushed by the falling-
in of the stones composing the sepulchres. This latter is very often
the case ; and in the course of thirty-eight years, during which I have
collected Lappish antiquities, I have met with but very few graves
containing tolerably good skulls."
554. The skull and almost complete skeleton of a male Lapp
from East Fin mark.
Clavicle 135, humerus 302, radius 234, femur 399, tibia 320.
Cranium : C. 543, L. 189, B. 160, Bi. 847, H. 141, Hi. 746,
BN. 104, BA. 104, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 39,
Oh. 32, Oi. 821, Ca. 1800.
Purchased, 1878.
554'. The articuUited skeleton of an ancient male Lapp from a
tomb.
Height, 5 ft. 2 in. = 1568.
Clavicle, r. 132, I 141; humerus, r. 304, I 301; radius,
r. 228, I. 226 ; femur, r. 408, I. 407 ; tibia, r. 315, I. 315.
Cranium: C. 523, L. 176, B. 152, Bi. 864, H. 130, Hi. 739,
BIS. 97, BA. 100, Ai. 1031, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 40,
Oh. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1720.
I'urcJiased, 188C.
SCANDINAVIA.
123
554 ^. The articulated skeleton of a female Lapp from an ancient
tomb.
Height, 4 ft. 10 in. = 1467.
Clavicle, r. 138, I. 130 ; humerus, r. 282, I. 278 ; radius,
r. 209, I 205 ; femur, r. 389, I. 391 ; tibia, r. 303, I 300.
Cranium : C. 482, L. 167, B. 136, Bi. 814, H. 122, Hi. 731,
BN. 94, BA. 89, Ai. 947, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, m. 438, Ow. 38,
Oh. 35, Oi. 921, Ca. 1342.
Purchased, 1886.
555. The skull of a Lapp from East Finmark : .
C. 530, L. 185, B. 151, Bi. 816, H. 124, Hi. 670, BN. 96,
BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1475.
Purchased, 1878.
556. The skull of a Lapp from East Finmark : •
An imperfect pelvis and some long bones accompanied the
skull *.
C. 510, L. 175, B. 143, Bi. 817, H. 138, Hi. 789, BN. 106,
BA. 104, Ai. 981, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1400.
Purchased, 1878.
557. The skull and some bones of a Lapp from East Fin-
mark : $ ?
The atlas articulates with the left paroccipital process. There
is a large epactal bone in the supraoccipital.
C. 495, L. 175, B. 134, Bi. 766, H, 124, Hi. 709, BN. 94,
BA. 95, Ai. 1011, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1330.
Purchased, 1878.
558. The skull of a Lapp from East Finmark : ? .
A female pelvis and some long bones arc with this skull.
C. 493, L. 172, B. 140, Bi. 814, H. 128, Hi. 744, BN. 95,
BA. 95, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1300.
Purchased, 1878.
* Except in the case of No. 554, it is not quite certain that the bones
which are placed with these skulls belong to the same individuals, though
they are from the same locality.
124
EUROPE.
559. The imperfect cranium of a Lapp from East Finmark : ? .
C. 492, L. 171, B. 137, Bi. 801, H. 116, Hi. 678, BN. 98,
BA. 94, Ai. 959, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895.
Purchased, 1878.
560. The imperfect skull of a Lapp child.
The milk-teeth have been acquired, and the first two molars
are coming into place. As in the last specimen, the cranium
has been injured, probably by pressure after death. The basi-
occipital is wanting.
Purchased, 1878.
560^ to 560^^. Skulls, crania, and bones from Danish graves,
Yorkshire. Presented by the Rev. Canon Greenwell,
1899.
560 \ Skull, clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis, femora, patella,
tibiae, fibula.
The skull is metopic.
C. 530, L. 187, B. 140, Bi. 749, H. 141, Hi. 754, BN. 97.
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1725.
560 ^ Skull, humeri, ulnae, radius, femora, tibiae, fibula.
C. 493, L. 175, B. 134, Bi. 766, H. 127, Hi. 726, BN. 99,
BA. 96, Ai. 970, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1400.
560 •\ SkiiU, clavicles, scapula;, humeri, ulna, radii, pelvis, femora,
patellae, tibiae, fibula.
Left upper canine in palate, left second lower milk premolar
C. 525, L. 182, B. 142, Bi. 780, H. 132, Hi. 725, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846.
560 ' Skull, clavicles, humeri, radius, femora, tibiae, fibuln.
C. 513, L. 176, B. 141, Bi. 801, 11. 132, Hi. 750, BN. 99,
BA. 91, Ai. 919.
530'. Skull (imperfect), luimerus, four femora, four tibiae.
Upper jaw very narrow, high arclied palate.
C. 525, L. 185, B. 140, Bi. 757.
500 " Skull (imperfect), humerus, femora, tibia?.
C. r,08, L. 184, H. 132, Hi. 717, BN. 98, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889.
SCANDINAVIA. 125
560 ^ Skull (imperfect). Metopic.
560 Imperfect skull, left canine in palate, second milk premolar
retained in lower jaw.
560 Imperfect skull, right second milk premolar (?) in palate.
560". Imperfect skull, humerus, ulna, pelvis, femora, patella, tibia,
fibula.
560 Imperfect skull (metopic), scapula, innominate, femur, patella,
tibia.
560 Imperfect skull, humeri, femur, tibia.
560 Imperfect skull (metopic), humerus, three femora, four tibiije.
560 Imperfect skull (metopic), humerus, femora.
560 Imperfect skull, humerus, ulna, three femora, tibia.
560 Imperfect skull, two femora, three tibiae.
560". Imperfect skull, three humeri, ulna, radius.
560 Imperfect skull, humeri, radius, femur, tibia.
560 Imperfect skull.
560 Imperfect skuU.
560 Imperfect skull.
500 Imperfect skull,
560 ". Imperfect skull.
560 ^\ Imperfect skull.
560 -\ Imperfect cranium, pelvis, femur, patella, tibia.
560 Imperfect cranium, humerus, pelvis, femur, tibia.
560 Imperfect cranium, femora.
560 Imperfect cranium.
560 Imperfect cranium.
560 Imperfect cranium.
560 Scapula and pelvis (imperfect).
126
EUROPE.
I. Russia.
561. The skull of a ii^ale Finn, a native of Christinestad,
aged 32.
A sailor, -who died on board the Seamen's Hospital-ship
' Dreadnought.' The skull is raetopio.
C. 550, L. 196, E. 14(J, Bi. 745, H. 141, Hi. 719, EX. 107,
EA. 104, Ai. 972, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
01. 842, Ca. 1610.
Presented hij George Bush, Esq., 1865.
562. The cranium of a Russian soldier.
From the battlefield of Inkermann, Crimea, 1854.
The sagittal suture is completely obliterated.
C. 517, L. 182, B. 145, Bi. 797, H. 137, Hi. 753, m. 101,
BA. 96, Ai. 950, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1520.
Presented hy B. Waterhouse Hawkins, Esq., 1862.
562 '. The cranium of a Russian soldier from a battlefield in
the Crimea, 1854.
C. 499, L. 172, E. 143, Bi. 831, H. 129, Hi. 750, EX. 101,
BA. 97, Ai. 960, Nh. 50, Nw, 25, Ni. 500, 0\v. 30, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1392.
Presented htj Frank Buckland, Esq., 1880.
563. The cranium of a Russian soldier.
From a man killed at the battle of the Alma, Crimea, 1854,
C. 500, L. 175, E. 140, Ei. 800, H. 138, Hi. 789, EX. 99,
BA, 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1510.
Presented, 1870.
564. A skull from a grave in the catacombs of Panticapoeum
(Kertch), Crimea : S •
C. 520, L. 174, B. 136, Ei. 782.
Presented hij Commander J. Buchan Telfer, R.X., 1876.
565. An artificially deformed cranium, taken by the donor from
an ancient tomb at Mtzhetha, near Tiflis, Georgia,
January 1873.
Described and figured in tlic 'Journal of (lie Anthropological
RUSSIA. — NORTH AFRICA.
127
Institute, vol. iv. p. 57, pi. iv. It belonged to one of the
people spoken of by Hippocrates as " Macroeephali." The
deformity is produced by compressing-bandages passing round
the forehead and occiput, shortening and narrowing the head,
and abnormally elevating the vertex. See K. E. von Baer,
" Die Macrokephalen im Boden der Krym und Oesterreichs,"
Me'm. Acad. St. Petersbourg, ii. (1860).
C. 447, L. 157, B. 130, Bi. 828, H. 165, Hi. 1051.
Presented hy Commander J. Buclian Telfer, R.N., 1876.
565 ^. A metopic cranium from near Tiflis : from a young person.
(Anthropol. Soc., No. 190.)
565 ^ A metopic cranium, mutilated, from near Tiflis.
(Jour. Anthropol. Instit. vol. iv. pp. 57-60.)
{Anthropol. Soc., No. 200.)
2. NORTH AFRICA.
A. The Canary Islands.
566. The skeleton of a male Guanclie made from a desiccated
body from one of the ancient sepulchres in the island of
Teneriffe.
A photograph was taken of the dried body before the skeleton
was prepared.
Clavicle, r. 138, I. 139; humerus, r. 286, I. 276; radius,
r. 222, I. 222 ; femur, r. 398, I. 402 ; tibia, r. 321, I. 327.
Cranium : C. 516, L. 182, B. 138, Bi. 758, H. 131, Hi. 720,
m. 99, BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 37,
Oh. 32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1360.
British Muse2ini. Purchased.
567. The skull of a Guanche from the island of Gj'an Canaria :
^. 0. C. 5568.
C. 545, L. 191, B. 143, Bi. 749, H. 140, Hi. 733, BN. 104,
BA. 98, Ai. 942, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ki. 455, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1625.
Presented hy Sir George Grey, 184G.
568. The skull of a Guanche from Teneriffe : (J .
Sent to the donor direct from the island.
C. 540, L. 190, B. 146, Bi. 768, H. 140, Hi. 737, BX. 100,
128
NOBTH AFRICA.
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 52, Xw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 42, Oh. 34,
Oi. 810. Ca. 1600.
Presented hy F. Le Gros Clarh, Esq., 1875.
569. The skull of a Guanche from Teneriffe : .
C. 522, L. 189, B. 140, Bi. 741, H. 133, Hi. 704, BX. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Xh. 45, Xw. 25, Xi. 556, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1470.
Presenttd hy Archibald Hamilton, Esq., 1870.
569 Tlie skull of a Guanche from a cave iu Teneriife : J* .
Kight styloid much enlarged.
C. 545, L. 192, B. 145, Bi. 755, H. 128, Hi. 667, BX. 102,
BA. 94, Ai. 922, Xh. 56, Xw. 25, Xi. 446, 0\v. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1700.
Presented hy J. Loire, Esq., 1893.
570. The cranium of a Guanche from TenerifFe : J" .
This and the two following were brought to the donor, from
an ancient sepulchre in Teneriffe, by Miss Haig.
C. 525, L. 186, B. 146, Bi. 785, H. 134, Hi. 720, BX. 99,
BA. 98, Ai. 990, Xh. 51, Xw. 23, Xi. 451, Ow. 43, Oh. 32,
Oi. 744, Ca. 1450.
Presented hy Sir John Lnhhocl-, Bart., 1868.
571. The cranium of a Guanche from Teneriffe : S •
C. 505, L. 178, B. 140, Bi. 787, H. 132, Hi. 742, BX. 102,
BA. 101, Ai. 990, Xh. 47, Xw. 24, Xi. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 29,
Oi. 763, Ca. 1425.
Presented hy Sir John Lidihock, Bart., 1868.
572. Tlie cranium of a young Guanche from Teneiiffo.
The basilar suture is open. All the permanent teeth have
been acquired, but the last molars are not fully developed.
C. 482, L. 170, B. 132, Bi. 776, H, 122, Hi. 718, BX. 92,
BA. 88, Ai. 957, Xh. 47, Xw. 20, Xi. 426, Ow. 34, Oh. 34,
Oi. 1000.
Presented hy Sir John Luhhock, Bart., 1868.
573. The imperfect skeleton of a male Guanche from Teneriffe.
It was sent to the Museum in a dried state, as found, wrapped
in the remains of a goat's skin ; but many of the bones (tlie
THE CANARY ISLANDS. — ALGIERS AND TUNIS.
129
sfcernum, clavicles, right humerus, niae of the ribs, and the
second, third, and fourth dorsal vertebrae) had been lost.
Humerus I. 326, radius I. 239, femur 450, tibia 372,
Cranium : C. 503, L. 180, B. 137, Bi, 761, H. 130, Hi. 722,
m. 104, BA. 98, Ai. 942, Nh, 43, Nw. 21, Ni, 488, Ow. 38,
Oh. 31, Oi. 816, Ca. 1380.
Presented hy Charles H. Hamilton, Esq.,
of Santa Cruz, Teneriffe, 1876.
573 ^, Three mandibles, three right femurs, humerus &c., found
in the Guanche cave at La Paz in Puerto Orotava,
Canary Islands.
Presented hy Percy Rendall, Esq., M.D., 1890.
573'''". Fragments of bones from the Guanche cave at Yeod in
Teneriffe.
Presented by Percy Rendall, Esq., M.D., 1890.
573 The cranium of a female Guanche, aged 35, from Puerto
de la Madera, Tacaronti, Tenerilfe.
C. 512, L. 180, B. 144, Bi. 800, H. 127, Hi. 706, BN. 98,
BA. 93, Ai. 949, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1410.
AntJiropol. Sac, No. 183.
573 The cranium of a Guanche, aged 35, from the same place.
C. 512, L. 179, B. 144, Bi. 804, H. 124, Hi. 693, BN. 91,
BA. 90, Ai. 989, Nh. 43, N\v. 24, Ni. 558, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1420,
Anthropol. Soc, No, 221,
573 The skull of a Guanche,
C. 502, L. 174, B. 140, Bi. 805, H. 122, Hi. 701, BN. 96,
BA. 92, Ai. 958, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1470.
Presented by A. Q. Silcock, Esq., 1903,
B. Algiers and Tunis.
574. A cranium from a native burial-ground at Constantine : c? .
This and the three following were collected by Henry
Christy, Esq., in 1863.
The squamosal meets the frontal on the right side,
C. 510, L. 183, B. 130, Bi. 710, H. 140, Hi. 765, BN. 108,
K
130
NORTH AFRICA.
BA. 103, Ai. 954, m. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1430.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 18G4.
575. A cranium from a native burial-ground at Constantine : (J .
C. 532, L. 190, B. 142, Bi. 747, H. 141, Hi. 742, BN. 104,
BA. 100, Ai. 962, Nh. 53, ITw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1530.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1864.
576. A skull from a native burial-ground at Constantine : ? .
Metopic.
C. 490, L. 174, B. 132, Bi. 759, H. 130, Hi. 747, m. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 56, Nw. 23, Ni. 411, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1330.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 18G4.
577. A mutilated calvaria from a native burial-ground at Con-
stantine : cJ .
C. 509, L. 183, B. 137, Bi. 749.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1864.
577 A skull from Algeria.
C. 497, L. 170, B. 145, Bi. 853, H. 139, Hi. 818, BN. 100,
Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1450.
Presented hy Lt.- Col. Sir R. II. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
578. The cranium of an Arab : ^ .
Obtained by Mr. Fitton " from a Marabout Tomb of the
Beni Urgine Tribe, near Bona, Algeria."
C. 487, L. 175, B. 120, Bi. 720, H. 134, Hi. 766, BN. 101,
BA. 97, Ai. 960, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1335.
■Presented hy Professor Iliuvley, 1866.
579. The cranium of an Arab : ? .
From the same locality as the last.
A remarkably small, but perfectly adult, cranium.
C. 409, L. 167, B. 129, Bi. 772, H. 120, Hi. 719, BN. 93,
BA. 91, Ai. 978, Nh. 42, Nw. 23, Ni. 548, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1110.
Presented hy Professor Huxley, 1866.
EGYPT.
131
The three following specimens were taken from an ancient
tomb on the site of Carthage, by Alexander Henry Baxter,
Surgeon R.N., of H.M. Ship 'Beacon.' They have not the
appearance of great antiquity ; and all have deep incisions in
various parts, apparently sabre-cuts inflicted during life, which
makes it probable that they belong to men slain in battle or
victims of a massacre.
580. A cranium from Carthage : .
Metopic.
C. 524, L. 185, B. 140, Bi. 757, H. 135, Hi. 730, BN. 104,
BA. 97, Ai. 933, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1560.
Presented by Mrs. A. H. Baxter, 18G9.
581. A cranium from Carthage : S •
C. 497, L. 168, B. 144, Bi. 857, H. 132, Hi. 786, BX. 100,
BA. 98, Ai. 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 42, Oh. 34,
Oi. 810, Ca. 1460.
Presented by Mrs. A. H. Baxter, 18G9.
582. A cranium from Carthage : ^ .
The basilar suture has scarcely united ; but the last molars
have been acquired.
C. 503, L. 175, B. 141, Bi. 806, H. 140, Hi. 800, BN. 105,
BA. 104, Ai. 990, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1410.
Presented by Mrs. A. 11. Baxter, 18G9.
C. Egypt.
583. The articulated skeleton of an ancient Egyptian : male. -
Prepared from a mummy obtained from Thebes, and belong-
ing apparently to the XXVlIIth Dynasty (4th century b.c), if
not even later. The coverings, inscriptions, &c. are fully
described by Dr. S. Birch, " On a Mummy opened at Stafford
House on the 15th of July, 1875," ' Transactions of the Society
of Biblical Archaeology,' vol. v. 1877, p. 122 ; see also ibid.
vol. iv. 1876, p. 251.
The mummy was prepared without bitumen ; and the ethmoid
bones were intact, showing that the brain had not been extracted
through the nostrils in the manner described by Herodotus, and
as is generally the case with mummies from Thebes. When
divested of their wrappings, the soft tissues of the body were
132
NORTH AFRICA.
all dry and perfectly friable, separating from the bones and
crumbling at a touch. The hair that remained upon the scalp
was fine, soft, and wavy, probably originally white or grey, but
now stained of a yellowish-brown colour, much the same hue, in
fact, as that of the dried flesh and bones and the cloths in which
they were enveloped. The bones were very light and brittle,
having lost much of their animal matter, and could only be
made firm enough to bear the wires necessary for articulation
by impregnation with gelatine. The skeleton is that of a man
of short stature and considerably advanced in age. Some
of the teeth have been lost during life ; and the others are very
much worn — the incisors almost down to the roots, as is often
the case with Egyptians, probably owing to the admixture of
sandy particles with their food. The left ulna has been frac-
tured near its lower end, at some period long before death, and
has reunited with scarcely any displacement. Some chronic in-
flammatory disease, probably of a rheumatic nature, has affected
the anterior surfaces of the bodies of the two lower lumbar ver-
tebras and the articulation between them, leading to an irregular
deposit of new bone, which has met in front of the articulation,
causing partial ankylosis. There is also a thickening of the
middle of the tenth right rib, which may possibly be the effect
of injury.
Height of skeleton 5 feet 2-9 inches=1598; clavicle 170;
humerus, r. 331, I. 327; radius 252; femur, r. 441, I. 437 ;
tibia, 352.
Cranium : C. 533, L. 193, B. 139, Bi. 720, H. 137, Hi. 710,
BN. 104, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 42, Oh. 33, Oi. 786,
Ca. 1530.
Presented hy the Dule of Sutherland, KG., 1875.
583 ^ The skeleton of an ancient Egyptian (male) not articulated.
Prepared in 1879 from a specimen described in the Catalogue
of Vascular and Miscellaneous Preparations in a dried state
(1831) as No. 739. " An Egyptian human mummy partly un-
wrapped ; taken out of one of the sepulchres at Thebes, by the
late Captain Hayes." On completing the unwrapping in 1879,
it was found to be covered merely with the ordinary cloth, and
without any ornaments of any kind. The brain had been
extracted through the nostrils, the viscera removed through an
aperture in the left flank, and the wliole of the thoracic aud
abdominal cavities filled with bitumen.
There was none of the substance however in the brain-cavity
or about the head.
EGYPT.
133
Clavicle, r. 161, I. 163 ; humerus, r. 321, I. 316 ; radius,
r. 245, I 243 ; femur, r. 424, I. 428 ; tibia, r. 336, Z. 335.
Cranium : C. 498, L. 179, B. 134, Bi. 749, H. 134, Hi. 749,
BN. 105, BA. 102, Ai. 971, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 36,
Oh. 27, Oi. 750, Ca. 1330.
Presented hy Sir David Dundas, Bart., 1812.
583 ^. The skeleton of a male Egyptian mummy.
It was wrapped in simple cloths without bitumen or orna-
ments. Hair cut short, cranium very much broken.
Clavicle, r. 154, I. 154 ; humerus, r. 353, I. 350 ; radius,
r. 278, Z. 277 ; femur, r. 490, I. 485.
Cranium : C. 498, L. 176, B. 133, Bi. 756, H. 131, Hi. 744,
m. 96, BA. 88, Ai. 917, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ca. 1350.
Purchased, 1879.
583 ^. The imperfect skeleton of a mummy.
Humerus, r. 294 ; femur, r. 395, J. 395 ; tibia, Z. 344.
Cranium : C. 507, L. 178, B. ]33, Bi. 747, Nh. 49, Nw. 25,
Ni. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 35, Oi. 921.
1889.
583*. The mummy of Ra-nefer, a High Official under Seneferu,
beginning of the IV th Dynasty, about 4000 B.C.
From his tomb at Meedum, Egypt.
Presented hy Dr. Flinders Pelrie, 1892.
The following 14 imperfect skeletons and 12 skulls of
ancient Egyptians, belong to the IVth Dynasty, uot later than
4000 B.C.
Presented hy Dr. Flinders Petrie, 1892.
583 ^ Skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 163 ; humerus, r. 324, Z. 326 ; radius, r. 250,
I. 257 ; femur, r. 463, I. 469 ; tibia, r. 402.
Cranium : C. 505, L. 177, B. 140, Bi. 791, H. 139, Hi. 785,
BN. 102, BA. 89, Ai. 873, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 36,
Oh. 34, Oi. 944, Ca. 1480.
583 «. Skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 130, Z. 133 ; humerus, 298 ; radius, r. 259, Z. 1:57 ;
femur, r. 463, Z. 469 ; tibia, r. 345, Z. 349.
Cranium : C. 518, L. 183, B. 139, Bi. 760, H. 136, Hi. 743,
BN. 105, BA. 105, Ai. 1000, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 38,
Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1550.
134
NORTH AFRICA.
583 ^ Skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 143, I. 146 ; humerus, r. 319, Z. 317 ; radius,
r. 261, 7. 253 ; femur, r. 455, I. 450 ; tibia, r. 387, I. 386.
Cranium: C. 520, L. 181, B. 140, Bi. 773, H. 141, Hi. 779,
BX. 100, BA. 96, Ai. 960, ^h. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 38,
Oh. 35, Oi. 921, Ca. 1480.
583 ^ Skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 150, 1. 149 ; humerus, r. 310, 1. 303; radius, 250;
femur, r. 435, I. 437 ; tibia, r. 369, I. 365.
Cranium : C. 504, L. 177, B. 137, Bi. 774, H. 138, Hi. 780,
BN. 102, Ca. 1380.
583 \ Articulated skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 157, I. 155; humerus, r. 317, I. 319; radius,
r. 251, I. 246 ; femur, r. 462, Z. 467; tibia, r. 385, Z. 386.
Cranium : C. 523, L. 184, B. 142, Bi. 772, H. 136, Hi. 739,
m. 107, BA. 106, Ai. 991, Nh. 55, N w. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 38,
Oh. 34, Oi. 895, Ca. 1530.
58310. Skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 153, I. 159 ; humerus, r. 314, I. 308 ; radius,
r. 253 ; femur, I. 449 ; tibia 360.
583". Skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 137, I. 145 ; humerus, r. 342, I. 334 ; radius,
Z. 253.
58312. Skeleton.
583 1^ Skeleton.
Humerus, r. 293; radius, 223, /. 222; femur, r. 419,
I. 414.
583 1^ Skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 150, Z. 155; humerus, r. 338, Z. 324; tibia,
r. 384, Z. 381.
Cranium : C. 494, L. 170, B. 134, Bi. 788, H. 141, Hi. 829,
m. 110, BA. 101, Ai. 918, Xh. 53, Nw. 22, Ni. 415, Ow. 37,
Oh. 34, Oi. 919.
5831''. Skeleton.
C. 525, L. 189, B. 139, Bi. 735, H. 136, Hi. 720, BN. 102.
Ow. 35, Oh. 31, Oi. 886, Ca. 1480.
EGYPT.
135
583 Skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 117, I. 125 ; humerus, r. 287, I. 281 ; radius,
I. 220 ; femur, 429 ; tibia, r. 355, I. 359.
583 1^ Skeleton.
Clavicle, 130 ; humerus, 297, 290 ; radius, r. 230, 229 ;
femur, r. 426, I 430 ; tibia, r. 342, Z. 345.
Cranium: C. 490, L. 173, B. 131, Bi. 757, H. 131, Hi. 757,
m. 90, BA. 94, Ai. 1044, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 37,
Oh. 34, Oi. 919, Ca. 1250.
583 1^ Skeleton (young).'
Clavicle, r. 112, I. 107 ; humerus, i: 259, I. 257 ; radius,
r. 212, I 205 ; femur, r. 395, 401 ; tibia, r. 354, Z. 352.
58318. Skull.
C. 518, L. 194, B. 148, Bi. 763, H. 139, Hi. 716, BN. 101,
BA. 102, Ai. 1010, Nh. 46, Nw. 29, Ni. 630, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1480.
583 20. Skull.
C. 518, L. 182, B. 135, Bi. 742, H. 135, Hi. 742, BN. 103,
BA. 101, Ai. 981, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1480.
583 21. gj-^n,
583^2. Skull (imperfect).
583 23. Skull.
C. 505, L. 177, B. 135, Bi. 763, H. 133, Hi. 751, BN. 96,
Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842, Ca. 1420.
583 2*. Skull.i
583 25. Skull. I
y Imperfect.
58326.
583 2^ Skull.-
583 28. si-uii,
C. 510, L. 178, B. 135, Bi. 758, H. 131, Hi. 730, BN. 102,
BA. 96, Ai. 941.
583 2^ Skull (imperfect).
13G
NOKTH AFRICA.
583 Skull (imperfect).
583 Skeleton (imperfect) of an Egyptian of the Vlth Dynasty,
3000 B.C.
R. scapula and humerus transferred to Pathology, No. 911 b.
Clavicle, r. 151, I. 157 ; humerus, r. 261, I. 335 ; radius,
r. 264, I. 260 ; femur, r. 462, I. 467 ; tibia, r. 392, I. 393.
Cranium : C. 507, L. 182, B. 138, Bi. 758, H. 133, Hi. 731,
m. 102, BA. 98, Ai. 961, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 40,
Oh. 35, Oi. 875, Ca. 1445.
Presented by J. Willovgliby Fraser, Esq., 1895.
583 32,
C, 529, L. 186, B. 140, Bi. 753, H. 130, Hi. 699, BjST. 98,
BA. 92, Ai. 939, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1525.
583^3. Skull.
C. 526, L. 185, B. 14-5, Bi. 784, H. 126, Hi. 681, BN. 91,
BA. 81, Ai. 890, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1620.
583 3^ Skull.
C. 524, L. 189, B. 135, Bi. 714, H. 131, Hi. 693 BN. 105,
BA. 94, Ai. 895, Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 509, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1550.
583 3^ Skull.
C. 483, L. 168, B. 135, Bi. 804, H. 137, Hi. 815, BN. 99,
BA. 92, Ai. 929, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 36 Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1300.
583 Skull.
C. 493, L. 177, B. 132, Bi. 746, H. 124, Hi. 701, BN. 97,
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1250.
583 3^ Skull.
C. 528, L. 183, B. 144, Bi. 787, H. 319, Hi. 650, m. 97,
BA. 92, Ai. 948, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1430.
EGYPT.
137
583^8. Skull.
C. 525, L. 186, B. 141, Bi. 758, H. 129, Hi. 694, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1520.
583 39. gkuii (young).
C. 490, L. 176, B. 131, Bi. 744, H. 120, Hi. 682, BN. 83,
BA. 74, Ai. 892, Nh. 40, Nw. 19, Ni. 475, Ow. 33, Oh. 32,
Oi. 970, Ca. 1380.
583*0. Skull (young).
C. 500, L. 179, B. 131, Bi. 732, H. 125, Hi. 698, BN. 83,
BA. 73, Ai. 880, Nh. 37, Nw. 18, Ni. 486, Ow. 31, Oh. 31,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1420.
583 «. Skull (young).
This, and the preceding nine skulls, belong to the XXIInd
Dynasty.
Presented hy Dr. Flinders Petrie, 1892.
The ten following specimens were brought by the donor from
Thebes, February 1874. As they were purchased from the
Arabs who frequent the tombs of the ancient necropolis on the
west bank of the river, the exact localities or dates at which they
were buried could not be traced ; but they were all genuine
ancient mummy heads, and were mostly still enveloped in their
wrapping. They all, in the injury to the ethmoid bones, confirm
the statement of Herodotus, in his descriplion of the method of
embalming practised by the Ancient Egyptians, that, " in the
first place, with an iron hook they draw out the brain through
the nostrils, and fill up the vacuum by injecting drugs."
584. The skull of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes : c? •
C. 525, L. 194, B. 135. Bi. 696, H. 137, Hi. 706, BN. 106,
BA. 99, Ai. 934, Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Ni. 473, Ow. 40, Oh. 34
Oi. 850, Ca. 1590.
Presented by Professor Flower, 1874,
585. The skull of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes : ^ .
The teeth are much worn, and the cranial sutures partially
consolidated.
C. 512, L. 185, B. 140, Bi. 757, H. 135, Hi. 730, BN. 100,
138
NORTH AFRICA.
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 54, Nw. 30, Ni. 556, Ow. 40, Oh. 30,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1390.
Presented hy Professor Flower, 1874.
586. The skull of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes : c? •
C. 516, L. 180, B. 142, Bi. 789, H. 130, Hi. 722, m. 100,
BA. 90, Ai. 900, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1380.
Presented ly Professor Flower, 1874.
587. The skull of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes : S •
C. 508, L. 178, B. 140, Bi. 787, H. 129, Hi. 725, B]Sr. 97,
BA. 87, Ai. 897, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 41, Oh. 31,
Oi. 756, Ca. 1475.
Presented by Professor Flower, 1874.
588. The skull of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes : .
C. 515, L. 183, B. 138, Bi. 754, H. 137, Hi. 749, BN. 96,
BA. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919.
Presented hy Professor Slower, 1874.
589. The skull of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes : ? .
A large but thin-waUed and feminine-looking skull. Me-
topic.
C. 517, L. 182, B. 141, Bi. 775, H. 130, Hi. 714, Nh. 49,
Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 38, Oi. 1000, Ca. 1390.
Presented hy Professor Flower, 1874.
590. The skull of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes : $ .
rrom an old person. The sagittal suture is completely, and
the frontal partially consolidated. The bones of the calvaria
and face are greatly atrophied.
C. 494, L. 180, B. 126, Bi. 700, H, 125, Hi. G94, BN. 94,
Ow. 40, Oh. 32, Oi. 800, Ca. 1200.
Presented hy Professor Flower, 1874.
591. The skull of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes: $ .
C. 490, L. 179, B. 127, Bi. 709, H. 125, Hi. 698, BN. 94,
BA. 91, Ai. 968, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1220.
Presented hy Professor Florcer, 1874.
592. The skull of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes : ? .
C. 496, L. 182, B. 130, Bi. 71-1, II. 133, Hi. 731, BN. 101,
EGYPT.
139
BA. 99, Ai. 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1350.
Presented hy Professor Floiver, 1874.
593. The skull of an ancient Egyptian child from Thebes.
All the milk-teeth are in place.
C. 450, L. 160, B. 125, Bi. 781.
Presented hy Professor Flower, 1874.
593 ^. The skull of an Egyptian from Thebes, ^ , from a
mummy prepared with bitumen which nearly filled
the cranial cavity. The head was shaved. It was
received into the Museum in its original wrappings.
Obtained by the donor from the Arabsj 1879. Cervical
vertebrte preserved.
C. 573, L. 183, B. 139, Bi. 760, H. 139, Hi. 760, BN. 103,
BA. 97, Ai. 942, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
01. 868, Ca. 1450.
Presented hy William Samuel Tuke, Esq., 1879.
593 ^. The skull from an Egyptian mummy obtained at Thebes,
1879. Brought to Museum in original wrappings but
without bitumen. Hair cut short, beard and whiskers
(also short) prove that it was a male.
C. 513, L. 188, B. 137, Bi. 720, H. 139, Hi. 739, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 45, Nw. 27, Ni. 600, Ow. 39, Oh. 29,
Oi. 744, Ca. 1415.
Purchased, 1879.
594. The skull of an ancient Egyptian, taken from a mummy :
9 . 0. C. 5565.
C. 490, L. 172, B. 137, Bi. 797, H. 131, Hi. 762, BN. 92,
BA. 89, Ai. 967, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1290.
Purcliased from Dr. Vesalius Pettigrew, 1853.
595. The preserved head of an ancient Egyptian female from
Thebes.
It was obtained from an Arab at Medeenet Habou in 1875.
The original appearance of the face is reproduced in some com-
position, covered with cloth, on which the eyes, eyebrows, (S:c.
are painted. The covering has been stripped from the upper
1-10
NORTH AFRICA.
part of the scalp ; but much of the hair remains. A necklace
of blue beads encircles the throat.
L. 188, B. 143, Bi. 761 (approximate).
Presented by Admiral Sir Erasmus Ommanei/, 1875.
596. The left foot of an Egyptian mummy in its wrappings, from
Thebes.
It preserves its natural conformation, undistorted by shoes.
The second toe is slightly longer than the first.
Presented hi/ Admiral Sir Erasnms Ommaney, 1875.
596 A. The hand of an Egyptian mummy from Thebes.
Presented by Admiral Sir Erasmus Ommaney, 1875.
597. The cranium of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes : ^ .
This skull, though that of a mummy, was not prepared with
bitumen, and, as in many of the following, has the ethmoid
bones intact, showing that the brain could not have been
extracted in the manner described above.
C. 510, L. 183, B. 137, Bi. 749, H. 131, Hi. 716, BN. 101,
BA. 100, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ki. 510, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1370.
Presented by Lady Franklin, 1854.
598. The calvaria of an ancient Egyptian from Thebes: ^ .
Inscribed " May 2nd, IS'JO."
C. 500, L. 178, B. 132, Bi. 742.
Presented by Lady I^rankiin, 1854.
599. The skull of an ancient Egyptian : ? .
Taken from a mummy found by the donor in a tomb within
the precincts of the Eameseum at Thebes.
C. 493, L. 173, B. 135, Bi. 780, H. 132, Hi. 763, BN. 98,
BA. 92, Ai. 939, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Oh. 41, Ow. 36,
Oi. 878.
Presented by Joseph Ponomi, Esq.
600. The skull of an ancient Egyptian, taken from a mummy
brought from Thebes by Mr. Bonomi : ? . 0. V. 55G4.
Metopic.
C. 485, L. 173, B. 130, Bi. 751, H. 128, Hi. 740, BN. 96,
BA. 92, Ai. 958, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1180.
Presented by C. //. Payers Harrison, Esg., 1848.
EGYPT.
141
600 ^. The skull with the six upper cervicals of an Egyptian
mummy bitumenized and with the ethmoid broken to
extract the brain : male. Height 5 feet = 1530 mm.
This, according to Dr. Birch who examined the wrappings, was
a priest named Har (called a God beloved) holding other offices
— of the period of the XXII nd Dynasty, about 900 B.C. The
penis, elongated and compressed, with scrotum pressed to its
under side and wrapped in the same bandages, is preserved in
the drawer and marked 600
C. 525, L. 189, B. 139, Bi. 735, H. 132, Hi. 698, BN. 105,
BA. 102, Ai. 971, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1560.
Presented Charles Parle, Esq., 1881.
600 ^. A male skull from Thebes, with six upper cervicals.
C. 518, L. 183, B. 147, Bi. 803, H. 137, Hi. 749, BN. 98,
BA. 97, Ai. 990, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1745.
600 ^. A female skull, with six upper cervicals. The face is
broken.
C. 487, L. 173, B. 131, Bi. 757, H. 127, Hi. 734, Ca. 1220.
600 *. An old female skull.
C. 484, L. 171, B. 128, Bi. 749, H. 127. Hi. 743, BN. 97,
Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1245.
600 K A calvaria.
C. 494, L. 184, B. 123, Bi. 668, H. 126, Hi. 685, BN. 95,
Ca. 1235.
The above four are certainly ancient Egyptian
mummies. They had their original wrappings on when
received.
The next are probably of later date. They were
loosely wrapped in mummy-cloth, but were not mummies
properly speaking as the cloth had undoubtedly been
put round them after they were cleaned and dried.
600 \ A skull— male.
C. 526, L. 188, B. 142, Bi. 755, H. 134, Hi. 713, BN. 105,
BA. 101, Ai. 962, Nh. 54, Nw. 30, Ni. 556, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1476.
142
NORTH AFRICA.
600 ^. A young skull. The basal suture is not united and the
last molars are not in place.
C. 506, L. 182, B. 135, Bi. 742, H. 138, Hi. 758, BN. 97,
BA. 90, Ai. 928, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1535.
The above six specimens were presented hy
Captain Richard Burton, 1881.
600 An ancient Egyptian cranium supposed to be from Thebes.
Presented hy G. W. Davis, Esq., 1894.
601. The skull of an ancient Egyptian : ? .
rrom a mummy found in a baked-clay coffin at Koum
Ombos, Upper Egypt, in 1877.
C. 497, L. 178, B. 134, Bi. 753, H. 133, Hi. 747, B^^". 102,
BA. 97, Ai. 951, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, M. 510, Ow. 37, Oh. 36,
Oi. 873, Ca. 1350.
Presented by W. S. A. Griffith, Esq., 1878.
602. The skull of an ancient Egyptian, taken from a mummy :
S. O.C. 5.566.
C. 517, L. 185, B. 142, Bi. 768, H. 141, Hi. 762, BX. 102,
BA. 97. Ai. 951, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1600.
Presented hy Dr. B. C. Henderson, 1822.
603. The bitumenized head of a female mummy.
" A priestess of Isis." From the necropolis of Memphis at
Sakkara. The long hair remains ; and the face has been gilded.
Presented hy JV. Lockhart^ Esq., 1870.
604. The skull of an ancient Egyptian of Memphis : S •
From a mummy found by the donor in a tomb close to the
larger pyramid of Sakkara in 1871.
Most of the teeth have been lost during life ; and the frontal
and sagittal sutures are partially consolidated. There is an
unusually largcWorniian bone in the right side of the lambdoidal
suture, and another at the posterior end of the sagittal. The
left squamosal joins the frontal. On the right side there is au
interposed epipteric bono.
C. 498, L. 179, B. 139, Bi. 777, II. 134, Hi. 749, BN. 100,
Nh. 53, Nw. 22, Ni. 415, Ow. 40, Oh. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1340.
Presented hy Edward A. Goodall Esq., 187."^.
V
EGYPT. 143
605. Cranium from the ancient Necropolis at Sakkara : $ .
Obtained at the same time and from the same locality as the
last.
C. 490, L. 172, B. 135, Bi. 785, H. 118, Hi. 686, BK 94,
BA. 94, Ai. 1000, Nb. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi, 944, Ca. 1280.
Presented by E. A. Goodall, Esq., 1878.
605 \ A skull from Sakkara, B.C. 3500.
C. 521, L. 185, B. 139, Bi. 751, H. 134, Hi. 724, BN. 102,
BA. 104, Ai. 1020, Nh. 57, Nw. 27, Ni. 474, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1575.
Dr. F. M. Sandwith, 1901.
The following eight specimens are referred to in the ' Journal of
the Anthropological Institute,* vol. viii. (1879), in the following
communications : — R. F. Burton, "Stones and Bones from Egypt and
Midian ; " C. Carter Blake, " Notes on Skulls brought by Captain
Burton from the East ; " Prof. Owen, " Observations on the Collection
- of Skulls sent by Captain Burton to the British Museum, Sept. 1878."
606. A cranium from the Eastern Necropolis, Sakkara : c? •
Obtained in 1878. See Journ. Anthrop. Inst. vol. viii.
p. 320 (m).
C. 507, L. 179, B. 139, Bi. 777, H. 130, Hi. 726, BK 99,
BA. 98, Ai. 990, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1420.
Purchased, 1879.
607. A cranium from the Eastern Necropolis, Sakkara : S •
Obtained in 1878. Loc. cit. p. 324 (f).
C. 512, L. 180, B. 142, Bi. 789, H. 129, Hi. 717, BN. 106,
BA. 98. Ai. 925, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 481, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1400.
Purchased, 1879.
608. The skull of an ancient Egyptian : $ .
Obtained by Captain E. F. Burton, at the Tomb of Numbers,
Pyramids of Ghizeh, Nov. 11, 1877. In this skull as in those
from Thebes, the brain has been extracted through the ethmoid
bone. Loc. cit. p. 318 and p. 320 (n).
C. 490, L. 171, B. 138, Bi. 807, H. 133, Hi. 778, BN. 98,
BA. 94, Ai. 959, Nh. 46, Nw. 20, Ni. 435, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1350.
Purchased, 1879.
144
NORTH AFRICA.
609. The mutilated cranium of an ancient Egyptian.
This was from the head of a mummy prepared in the same
manner as the last, with which it was obtained. Loc. cit.
p. 320 (q).
C. 508, L. 182, B. 135, Bi. 742, Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865.
Purchased, 1879.
610. A mutilated cranium from the Necropolis of Ghizeh : 2 .
Obtained from the same locality and at the same time as the
last two. Loc. cit. p. 319 (p).
C. 514, L. 183, B. 138, Bi. 751, H. 122, Hi. 667, B:^. 98,
Ow. 38, Oh. 31, Oi. 816, Ca. 1375.
Purchased, 1879.
611. The skull of an ancient Egyptian : .
Obtained at the Pyramids of Ghizeh by Captain Burton, April
29, 1878. Loc. cit. pp. 318 and 324 (n). The brain has been
extracted through the ethmoid bone.
It has a very large independent ossification in the right
side of the supraoccipital, bounded above by the lambdoidal
suture.
C. 520, L. 185, B. 140, Bi. 757, H. 140, Hi. 757, BN. 103,
BA. 91, Ai. 883, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1575.
Purchased, 1879.
612. The calvaria of an ancient Egyptian : ? .
Obtained with the last. Loc. cit. p. 319 (o). It has been
prepared with bitumen. Metopic.
C. 498, L. 179, B. 131, Bi. 732, H. 132, Hi. 737.
Purchased, 1879.
613. A cranium from the Necropolis of Ghizeh : J* .
Obtained at the same time with the two last. Loc. cit. pp. 31 8
and 324 (e).
C. 505, L. 179, B. 137, Bi. 765, H. 134, Hi. 749, BX. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 54, Nvv. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi, 872, Ca. 1455.
Purchased, 1879.
The following ninety-one crania are from tombs near the
Pyramids of Ghizeh. No further information as to the exact
EGYPT.
145
locality or circumstances under which they were found could
be obtained. They are divided here into three classes.
I. Mummy heads, which had been carefully embalmed by the
process which included extraction of the brain through the
nostrils as shown by the hole through the ethmoid bone.
These are probably of the better class of people.
613'. C. 514, L. 185, B. 143, Bi. 773, H. 139, Hi. 751, BN. 96,
BA 93, M. 969, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 3.5, Oh. 28,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1490. d .
613 ^ C. 525, L. 187, B. 147, Bi. 786, H. 147, Hi. 786, BN. 109,
BA. 96, Ai. 881, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 42, Oh. 37,
Oi. 881, Ca. 1615. 6 .
613'. C. 514, L. 184, B. 139, Bi. 755, H. 141, Hi. 766, BN. 103,
BA. 90, Ai. 874, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1560. d ■
613*. C. 518, L. 184, B. 141, Bi. 766, H. 140, Hi. 761, BN. 104.
BA. 100, Ai. 962, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 1630. d .
613'. C. 513, L. 186, B. 137, Bi. 737, H. 141, Hi. 758, BN. 102,
BA. 94, Ai. 922, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1580. <? .
613'. C. 512, L. 179, B. 143, Bi. 799, H. 131, Hi. 732, BN. 99,
BA. 88, Ai. 889, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1438. d •
613 ^ C. 504, L. 180, B. 135, Bi. 750, H. 138, Hi. 767, BN. 106,
BA. 101, Ai. 953, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1510. d.
6131 C. 520, L. 188, B. 142, Bi. 755, H. 137, Hi. 729, BN. 102,
BA. 90, Ai. 882, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni, 434, Ow. 36, Oh. 31.
Oi. 861, Ca. 1545. d.
613". C. 522, L. 189, B. 144, Bi. 762, H. 127, Hi. 672, BN. 97,
BA. 100, Ai. 1031, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1555. d •
613'". C. 476, L. 171, B. 130, Bi. 760, H. 128, Hi. 749, BN. 97,
BA. 91, Ai. 938, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1168. d-
613 C. 528, L. 191, B. 141, Bi. 738, H. 137, Hi. 717, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1573. d-
L
146
XORTH AFRICA.
613". C. 518, L. 186, B. 141, Ei. 758, H. 136, Hi. 731, BN. 104,
BA. 98, Ai. 942, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 40, Ob. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1535. 6 •
613''. C. 525, L. 191, B. 140, Bi. 733, H. 129, Hi. 675, BX. 102,
BA. 98, Ai. 961, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1452. c? .
613'*. C. 498, L. 177, B. 139, Bi. 785, H. 139, Hi. 785, BN. 98,
BA. 87, Ai. 888, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1440. c? .
013". C. 512, L. 179, B. 144, Bi. 804, H. 140, Hi. 782, BN. 100,
BA. 100(1, Ai. 100, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868. d.
613 '^ C. 503, L. 177, B. 144, Bi. 814, H. 125, Hi. 706, BN. 87,
BA. 81, Ai. 931, Nh. 50, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868. J •
613". C. 520, L. 181, B. 135, Bi. 746, H. 135, Hi. 746, BN. 100,
BA. 89, Ai. 890, Nh. 50, Ow. 41, Oh. 35, Oi. 854. 6 .
613 '\ C. 487, L 174, B. 136, Bi. 782, H. 128, Hi. 736, BN. 97,
BA. 90, Ai. 928, Nh. 51, Nw- 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1350. d .
613". C. 518, L. 182, B. 145, Bi. 797, H. 142, Hi. 780, BN. 108,
BA. 96, Ai. 889, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1595. d" .
613'". C. 514, L. 183, B. 143, Bi. 781, H. 136, Hi. 743, BN. 100,
Ca. 1490. d .
613 C. 498, L. 175, B. 140, Bi. 800. d .
613 C. 536, L, 189, B. 149, Bi. 788, H. 141, Hi. 746, BN. 101. <J .
613". C. 493, L. 173, B. 138, Bi. 798, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510,
Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865.
613 C. 519, L. 187, B. 137, Bi. 733, H. 134, Hi. 717, BN. 101,
BA. 97, Ai. 960, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1435.
613". C. 503, L. 180, B. 134, Bi. 744, H. 134, Hi. 744, BN. 103,
BA. 92, Ai. 893, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1440.
613 C. 487, L. 172, B. 132, Bi. 767, H. 133, Hi. 773, BN. 94,
BA. 86, Ai. 915, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1165.
613". C. 504, L. 179, B. 135, Bi. 754, H. 126, Hi. 704, BN. 99,
BA. 96, Ai. 970, Nh. 47, Nw. 20, Ni. 426, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1345.
EGYPT.
147
613^'. C. 482, L. 175, B. 127, Bi. 726, H. 126, Hi. 720, BN. 97,
BA. 92, Ai. 948, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1250.
613 C 492, L. 172, B. 139, Bi. 808, H. 132 Hi. 767, BN. 96,
BA. 96, Ai. 1000, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1350.
613'". C. 510, L. 180, B. 139, Bi. 772, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521,
Ow. 41, Oh. 34, Oi. 829, Ca. 1330. ? .
Vertex removed to Pathological Series (No. 23 d).
613=^'. C. 515, L. 181, B. 132, Bi. 729, H. 129, Hi. 713, BN. 98,
Nh. 48, Nw. 29, Ni. 604, Ow. 41, Oh, 31, Oi. 756, Ca. 1350.
?•
613". C. 470, L. 166, B. 129. Bi. 777, H. 128, Hi. 771, BN. 94,
BA. 86, Ai. 915, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1230. $ .
613". C. 470, L. 167, B. 129, Bi. 772, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478,
Ow. 35, Oh. 32, Oi. 914.
613". C. 515, L. 186, B. 143, Bi. 769, H. 140, Hi. 753, BN. 101,
BA. 92, Ai. 911, Nh. 53, Nw. 21, Ni. 396, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1555. $ .
613". C. 510, L. 182, B. 137, Bi. 753, H. 127, Hi. 698, BN, 97,
BA. 87, Ai. 897, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1380. $ .
613". C. 480, L. 168, B. 133, Bi. 792, H. 129, Hi. 768, BN. 98,
BA. 89, Ai. 908, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1255. $ .
613". C. 492, L. 172, B. 138, Bi. 802, H. 128, Hi. 744, BN. 95,
BA. 90, Ai. 947, Nh. 45, Nw. 21, Ni. 467, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1270. $ .
613 '". C. 498, L. 175, B. 138, Bi. 789, H. 133, Hi. 760, BN. 93,
BA. 92, Ai. 989, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1380. $ .
613 ^^ C. 510, L. 181, B. 133, Bi. 73-5.
613^*'. C. 505, L. 173, B. 143, Bi. 827, H. 133, Hi. 769, BN. 93,
BA. 92, Ai. 989, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1555. 2 .
613*'. C. 512, L. 182, B. 138, Bi. 758, H. 130, Hi. 714, BN, 97,
BA. 92, Ai. 948, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1425. ? .
613". C. 500, L. 176, B. 138, Bi. 784, H. 128, Hi. 727, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969.
L 2
148
XOTJTII AFRICA.
613". C. 495, L. 172, B. 140, Bi. 814, BA. 63, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865. 2 '
613". C. 527, L. 190, B. 142, Bi. 747, H. 131, Hi. 689, BX. 101,
BA. 91, Ai. 901, Nh. 51, N\v. 23, Ki. 451, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
01. 850, Ca. 1490. $ .
613^=. C. 480, L. 167, B. 133, Bi. 796, H. 128, Hi. 766, BN. 94,
BA. 84, Ai. 894, Nh. 48, Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi. 919, Ca. 1245.
?.
613 ^^ C. 508, L. 176, B. 13©, Bi. 790, H. 123, Hi. 699, BN. 89,
BA. 88, Ai. 989, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1385. ?.
613^^. C. 500, L. 173, B. 135, Bi. 780, H. 133, Hi. 769, BN. 98,
BA. 91, Ai. 929. $.
613 C. 510, L. 184, B. 137, Bi. 745, H. 132, Hi. 717, BN. 97,
BA. 89, Ai. 918, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1430. ? .
613^'. C. 492, L. 172, B. 137, Bi. 797, H. 128, Hi. 744, BN. 96,
Ca. 1305. 2 .
613 '"'. C. 487, L. 170, B. 138, Bi. 812, Nh. 43, Nw. 21, Ni. 488,
Ow. 34, Oh. 33, Oi. 971. (Young.)
613". C. 482, L..168, B. 133, Bi. 792, H. 125, Hi. 744, BN. 84,
BA. 77, Ai. 917, Nh. 34. (Young.)
613 ". C. 480, L. 170, B. 128, Bi. 753, Nh. 43, Nw. 21, Ni. 488,
Ow. 32, Oh. 31, Oi. 969. (Young.)
613 Cranium, very imperfect. (Young.)
613 ". Cranium. C. 478, L. 170, B. 134, Bi. 788, Nh. 46, Nw. 19,
Ni. 413. (Y^oung.)
II. Heads which had every appearance of having been embalmed
but in which the ethmoid bone is not broken, therefore less
carefully ])rcpared, and may be either of a different class or
a later period than the last.
613". C. 500, L. 179, B. 138, Bi. 771, H. 130, Hi. 726, BN. 99,
BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 854, Ca. 1480. cf •
613"=. C. 517, L. 184, B. 138, Bi. 750, H. 136, Hi. 739, BN. 105,
BA. 98, Ai. 933, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1505. J .
EGYPT.
no
613". C. 525, L. 187, B. 137, Bi. 733, H. 134, Hi. 717, BN. 104,
BA. 95, Ai. 913, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850. c? .
613". C. 518, L. 186, B. 139, Bi. 747, H. 136, Hi. 731, BN. 106,
BA. 99, Ai. 934, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 42, Oh. 34,
Oi. 810, Ca. 1500. cj .
613 '\ C. 513, L. 182, B. 139, Bi. 764, H. 133, Hi. 731, BN. 104,
Ow. 40, Oh. 39, Oi. 975, Ca. 1440. J .
613'". Metopic.
C. 532, L. 183, B. 149, Bi. 814, H. 139, Hi. 760, BN. 92,
BA. 89, Ai. 967, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1740. <S .
613". C. 500, L. 176, B. 139, Bi. 790, H. 129, Hi. 733, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1400. d.
613 C. 525, L. 186, B. 142, Bi. 763, H. 139, Hi. 747, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 48, Ow. 37, Oh. 31, Oi. 838, Ca.
1465. d .
613". C. 495, L. 172, B. 133, Bi. 767, H. 132, Hi. 767, BN. 103,
BA. 93, Ai. 903, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1355. d .
ei3'\ C. 542, L. 199, B. 137, Bi. 688, H. 135, Hi. 678, BN. 110,
Ow. 43, Oh. 32, Oi. 744, Ca. 1570. d •
613"'. C. 575, L. 180, B. 139, Bi. 772. .
613 ^ C. 487, L. 169, B. 135, Bi. 799, H. 127, Hi. 751, BN. 91,
BA. 86, Ai. 945, Nh. 26, Ow. 39, Oh. 31, Oi. 795, Ca.
1290. d.
613 C. 505, L. 183, B. 135, Bi. 738, H. 130, Hi. 710, BN. 99,
Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1315. $ .
613 '^ C. 510, L. 176, B. 144, Bi. 818, H. 127, Hi. 722, BN. 97,
BA. 99, Ai. 1021, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1530. $ .
613"°. C. 480, L. 171, B. 135, Bi. 789, H. 130, Hi. 760, BN. 95,
BA. 89, Ai. 937, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1260. ? .
613'°. C. 510, L. 185, B. 134, Bi. 724, H. 130, Hi. 703, BN. 99,
Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca.
1315. 2-
613". C. 490, L. 165, B. 139, Bi. 842, H. 126, Hi. 764, BN. 95,
BA. 91, Ai. 958, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1330. $.
150
KORTII ArilICA,
613". C. 500, L. 171, B. 131, Bi. 766, H. 137, Hi. 801, BN. 94,
Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 48, Oh. 35, Oi. 729, Ca.
1455. 2 .
613". Cranium. ■]
613 ^ Skull. I Young.
613''. Cranium. J
III. Heads which showed no decided evidence of embalmment and
Avhich may be ancient Egyptian or probably later inhabitants
of the same district.
613'". C. 500, L. 178, B. 135, Bi. 758, H. 136, Hi. 764, BN. 110,
BA. 101, Ai. 918, Nh. 25, Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca.
1345. d ■
C. 500, L. 178, B. 138, Bi. 775, H. 146, Hi. 787, BN. 98,
Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865, Ca.
1435. 6 .
C. 508, L. 179, B. 135, Bi. 754, H. 133, Hi. 743, BN. 102,
BA. 97, Ai. 951, Nh. 55, Nw. 22, Ni. 400, 0«r. 38, Oh, 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1465. 6 .
C. 540, L. 192, B. 142, Bi. 740, H. 133, Hi. 693, BN. 106,
BA. 99, Ai. 934, Nh. 55, Nw. 28, Ni. 509, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1565. d .
C. 530, L. 185, B. 146, Bi. 789, H. 134, Hi. 724, BN, 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1625. d ■
C. 520, L. 187, B. 137, Bi. 733, H. 134, Hi. 717, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1530. <S ■
C. 530, L. 192, B. 135, Bi. 703, H. 141, Hi. 734, BN. 105,
BA. 101, Ai. 962, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1550. c? •
C. 520, L. 189, B. 132, Bi. 698, H. 129, Hi. 683, BN. 99,
Ca. 1400. d ?
013 ''^ C. 510, L. 178, B. 142, Bi. 798, H. 135, Hi. 758, BN. 97,
BA. 90, Ai. 928, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1490. $ .
613"'. C. 500, L. 180, B. 134, Bi. 7-^4, H. 123, Hi. 683, BN. 91,
BA. 90, Ai. 989, Nh. 46, Nw. 21, Ni. 457, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1315. ? .
613".
613".
613'".
613
613".
613 *\
EGYPT.
151
613". C. 485, L. 171, B. 137, Bi. 801, H. 128, Hi. 749, BN. 98,
BA. 91, Ai. 929, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1295. $ ,
613". C. 485, I. 172, B. 134, Bi. 779, H. 129, Hi. 750, BN. 97,
BA. 92, Ai. 948, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1285. $ .
613 »^ C. 490, L. 179, B. 130, Bi. 726, H. 130, Hi. 726, BN. 93,
Ca. 1285. 2 '
613'\ C. 486, L. 173, B. 136, Bi. 786, H. 134, Hi. 775, BN. 93,
BA. 86, Ai. 925, Nh. 44, Nw. 22, Ni. 500, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943. (Young.)
613^°. C. 500, L. 177, B. 137, Bi. 774, H. 132, Hi. 746, BN. 97,
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, 0\y. 35, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1029. (Young.)
613 Cranium of young.
Presented ly Captain R. Burton, 1882.
614. The skull o£ an ancient Egyptian taken from a mummy : S •
As in the mummy of Horseisi in the Museum (Dried Preps.
No. 738), oval pieces of some white porcellaneous material were
placed in the eyes, one of which remains. The teeth are much
worn ; and the calvarial sutures are partially obliterated.
C. 510, L. 183, B. 138, Bi. 754, H. 133, Hi. 727, BN. 101,
BA. 93, Ai. 921, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1380.
PurcJiased, 1873.
615. A cranium of an Egyptian mummy : ? . 0. C. 5567.
" Taken out of the old quarries of the Mokattam Mountains,
from whence the stones were hewn from which the pyramids of
Memphis are constructed."
C. 492, L. 178, B. 127, Bi. 713, H. 136, Hi. 764, BN. 100.
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1230.
Presented by Sir Jo/in Boivring, 1838.
615^. The cranium o£ an Egyptian mummy, obtained at
Thebes, not bitumenized and with no hole through the
ethmoid : ^ .
C. 513, L. 184, B. 130, Bi. 707, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500,
Ow. 37, Oh. 31, Oi. 838, Ca. 1455.
Purchased, 1882.
152
KORTH AFKICA.
615^. The cranium of an Egyptian mummy : $ ,
C. 515, L. 184, B. 129, Bi. 701, Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi. 919.
Purchased, 1882.
615 The cranium of a child, 4 or 5 years old, from a
bitumenized mummy. Purchased, 1882.
SIS'*. A cranium, belonging to the XVIIlth Dynasty,
1300 B.C.
C. 495, L. 179, B. 132, Bi. 737, H. 137, Hi. 765, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 9fi9, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1385.
Presented hj Dr. Flinders Petrie, 1891.
615^. The head of an Egyptian mummy probably belonging to
one of the last Dynasties. The hair of the head and
beard is well preserved. 1899.
615^. Fragments of bones from the prehistoric Cemetery of
El Amrah, Upper Egypt.
Presented by Prof. G. Elliot Smith, 1903.
616. A skull taken by the donor from a tomb near the great
Pyramid of Ghizeh : .
Metopic.
C. 501, L. 175, B. 140, Bi. 800, H. 130, Hi. 743, BN. 106,
BA. 95, Ai. 896, Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 509, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872.
Presented by Edwin S. Solly, Esq., 1869.
616 '*. The skull of an Egyptian mummy.
Presented by Lt.- Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
616''*. The skull of an Egyptian.
C. 489, L. 169, B. 144, Bi. 852, H. 143, Hi. 846, BN. 102,
BA. 100, Ai. £80, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1435.
Presented by Lt.-Col. Sir R, II. Charles,
J.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
61 7. The skull of au Arab : $ .
Obtained by Dr. Michael Fohter in 1860 from a native burial-
ground on an island in the straits of Jubal, Gulf of Suez.
C. 494, L. 177, B. 134, Bi. 757, H. 127, Hi. 718, BN. 98,
BA. 96, Ai. 980, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789, Ca. 1275.
Prcvcnlcd by Geoivc Pti^^k, E^q., 1869.
ASIA.
153
3. ASIA.
A. Turkey, Syria, and Arabia.
618. A cranium from a Mussulman tomb in the cemetery at
Scutari, Constantinople : .
Obtained by Morrison Knight, Esq., Staff Civil Surgeon,
Crimean War.
C. 509, L. 171, B. 153, Bi. 895, H. 147, Hi. 860, BN. 94,
BA. 96, Ai. 1021, Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 38, Oh. 38,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1640.
Presented by Edward Stanley, Esq., 1856.
619. A cranium of an Asiatic Turk : J' . 0. C. 5563.
C. 530, L. 178, B. 152, Bi. 854, H. 136, Hi. 764, BN. 100,
BA. 88, Ai. 880, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1640.
Purchased.
619 The skull of Haji Umar, a Mongol from Kokand,
Turkestan. Male, aged 70, by occupation a traveller.
A Remark from Mecca.
C. 498, L. 179, B. 131, Bi. 732, H. 135, Hi. 754, BN. 101,
BA. 96, Ai. 950, Nh. 51, Nw. 22, Ni. 431, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1320.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906,
619^*. The skull of Haji Uhdosh Hak, a male, aged 50, from
Turkestan. Occupation, a traveller. A Remark from
Mecca.
C. 504, L. 173, B. 141, Bi. 815, H. 140, Hi. 809, BN. 106,
Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 39, Oh. 32, Oi. 821, Ca. 1450.
Presented by Lt.-Col. Sir P. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
619 The skull of Haji Naiz, a male, aged 50^ from Yarkand.
Cultivator.
C. 507, L. 175, B. 142, Bi. 811, H. 137, Hi. 783, BN. 103,
BA. 104, Ai. 1010, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 37, Oh. 35.
Oi. 946, Ca. 1445.
Presented by Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
L3LS., K.C.V.0.,m6.
154
ASM.
620. A cranium brought by the donor from the monastery of
Santa Saba, near Bethlehem : J* .
" It belouged to one of a large number of Christians said to
have been massacred by the Saracens in the eighth century, the
skulls of whom are collected in a charuel house adjoining the
chapel of the monastery."
The right upper canine is retained in the alveolus.
C. 507, L. 182, B. 134, Bi. 736, H. 137, Hi. 753, BN. 104,
BA. 96, Ai. 923, Nh. 50, Nw. 29, Ni. 580, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1410.
Presented by Admiral Sir Erasmus Ommaney, 18G2.
620 ^ An aged edentulous cranium, , of a Maronite from
Ghosta Cap Ghagir— Mission Huber 1880. (Lat. 34°. )
C. 505, L. 175, B. 139, Bi. 794, H. 137, Hi. 783, BN. 105,
Nh. 25, Ow. 39, Oh. 31, Oi. 795, Ca. 1355.
Presented by the '''' Professeurs Adininistrateurs du
Musee d'Histoire Katurelle a Paris," per
Dr. Bainy, 1880.
620 ^. A cranium from Iksal, Palestine : c? •
C. 545, L. 193, B. 147, Bi. 762, H. 156, Hi. 808, BN. 114,
BA. 113, Ai. 991, Nh. 57, Nw. 27, Ni. 474, Ow. 42, Oh. 38,
Oi. 905, Ca. 1880.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 63.
620 ^ A ealvaria (mutilated) from Iksal, Palestine.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 241,
620 A cranium from Athlit, Palestine : S •
C. 500, L. 179, B. 130, Bi. 726, H. 127, Hi. 709, BN. 94,
BA. 87, Ai. 926, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1405.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 64,
620*. A cranium from Athlit, Palestine : S •
Parietals show considerable inflammatory action.
C. 510, L. 181, B. 137, Bi. 757, H. 140, Hi. 773, BN. 106,
BA. 101, Ai. 953, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow, 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1640.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 66.
620 ^ A cranium from Athlit, Palestine : S .
Sagittal suture entirely obliterated. Metopic.
C. 515, L. 197, B. 132, Bi. 670, H. 139, Hi. 7'^>\ BN. 108,
TURKEY, SVKlA, AND ARABIA, 155
BA. 95, Ai. 880, Nh. 53, Nw, 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1515.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 67.
C20 ^ A cranium from Palestine : c? •
(Jour, Anthropol. Inst,, vol. iv, pp. 14, 18.)
C. 527, L. 189, B. 134, Bi. 709, H. 139, Hi. 735, BN, 104,
BA. 98, Ai. 942, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1515,
Anthropol. Soc, No. 62.
620^, A cranium from Palestine : S •
C. 505, L. 180, B. 137, Bi. 761, H. 129, Hi. 717, BN. 97,
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1505.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 99.
620 ^. A mutilated cranium from Deir-es-Sinne, Siloam,
Palestine: c??
(Jour. Anthropol. Inst., vol. ii. p. 54.)
L. 156, H. 129, Hi. 827, BN. 97, BA. 95, Ai. 979, Nh. 50,
Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 143,
620 A cranium, , from Deir Mar Musa el Habashi, Palestine.
(Jour. Anthropol. Inst., vol. i. p. 418.)
C. 507, L. 182, B. 134, Bi. 736, H. 139, Hi. 764, BN. 106,
BA. 93, Ai. 877, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow, 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1475.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 175,
620 A calvaria (mutilated) from Deir Mar Musa el Habashi,
Palestine.
(Jour. Anthropol. Inst., vol. i, p. 418.)
C. 511, L. 168, B. 150, Bi. 893, H, 138, Hi. 821.
Anthropol. Soc, No, 68,
The three following specimens w ere brought to England by
the Rev. William Wright, long a Missionary at Damascus. See
" Observations on the Collection of Skulls sent by Capt. Burton
156
ASIA.
to the British Museum, September 1878," by Prof. Owen,
' Journal of the Anthropological Institute/ vol. viii, (1879)
p. 323.
621. A mutilated cranium from Palmyra : c? •
Loc. cit. (a).
Nh. 53, Nw. 2G, Ni. 491, Ow. 41, Oh, 36, Oi. 878.
Purchased, 1879.
622. A cranium from Palmyra : $ .
Loc. cit. (b).
C. 474, L. 170, K 126, Bi. 741, H. 118, Hi. 694, BN. 93,
BA. 92, Ai. 989, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1145.
Purchased, 1879.
623. The cranium of a child from Palmyra.
Loc. cit. (c). The milk-dentifcion only was in place. The
basioccipital, the nasals, and the left malar bones are lost.
C. 436, L. 157, B. 119, Bi. 758, Nh. 34, Nw. 18, Ki. 529,
Ow. 33, Oh. 29, Oi. 879.
Purchased, 1879.
623 ^ A cranium from Palmyra, " Cotesworth (1) " : ? .
C. 503, L. 177, B. 136, Bi. 768, H. 121, Hi. 684, BN. 95,
BA. 91, Ai. 958, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1280.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 225.
623 ^. A cranium from Palmyra, " Cotesworth (2) " : (J .
C. 546, L. 198, B. 145, Bi. 732, H. 137, Hi. 692, BN. 104,
BA. 99, Ai. 952, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1 735.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 224.
623 ^. A cranium from Palmyra (mutilated) : ^ .
(Jour. Anthropol. Inst., vol. i. p. 312, No. 2.)
C. 550, L. 203, B. 145, Bi. 714, H. 135, Hi. 665, BN. 105,
BA. 98, Ai. 933, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1740.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 65.
623 ^. A calvaria from Palmyra, mutilated.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 223.
623 ^ A calvaria from Palmyra, mutilated.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 243.
TURKEY, SYRIA, AND ARABIA.
157
623®. A brachycephalic cranium artificially compressed poste-
riorljr, from Bassu's Tower, at Shakkah.
Described in Journal of Anthropological Inst. vol. ii. p. 55,
by C. Carter Blake, also in Burton and Drake's ' Unexplored
Syria,' p. 356.
C. 495, L. 169, B. 144, Bi. 852, H. 136, Hi. 805, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 37, Oh. 36,
01. 973, Ca. 1440.
Purchased, 1883.
623 ^ A skull from the Deir Mar Musa el Habashi.
The specimen described as No. 5 in Journal Anthropological
Inst. vol. i. pp. 330-420 (Burton & Carter Blake) ; also Burton
& Drake, ' Unexplored Syria,' p. 279. When this specimen
came it had much of the dried skin on it and the mouth was
stuffed with wool.
C. 505, L. 178, B. 133, Bi. 747, H. 122, Hi. 685, BN. 99,
Nh, 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 36, Oh. 34, Oi. 944, Ca. 1385.
Purchased, 1883.
623 «*. A skull from Syria.
C. 502, L. 171, B. 142, Bi. 830, H. 140, Hi. 819, Nh. 52,
Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 37, Oh. 33, Oi. 892.
Presented by Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.iM.S., K.C.V.O., 1{)06.
624. A cranium from an ancient tomb at Sinai : c? ?
" Probably that of a Monk."
C. 502, L. 182, B. 134, Bi. 736, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 103
Nh. 47, Ow. 36, Oh. 32, Oi. 889, Ca. 1300.
Presented by tJie Sinai Survey Expedition, per
the Rev F. W. Holland, 1872.
625. A calvaria, found with others of similar form buried in a
"jorf," or bed of alluvial deposit in Sinai.
It is almost scaphocephalic in form, but without sagittal
synostosis.
C. 485, L. 181, B. 119, Bi. 657, H. 121, Hi. 669, Ca. 1100.
Presented by the Sinai Survey Expedition, per
the Rev. F. W. Holland, 1870.
625 A cranium, from Yabrud (mutilated) : ? .
C. 467, L. 170, B. 128, Bi. 753, H. 128, Hi. 753, BA. 102.
Anthropol. Sor., No. 226.
158
ASIA.
The three following specimens from South MiJian were col-
lected by Captain R. F. Burton in 1878. See ' Journal of the
Anthropological Institute,' vol. xiii. (1879).
626. A cranium found upon the shore at Sharm Dumaygliah,
30 miles north of El-Wijh : S •
Captain Burton adds, "it evidently belonged to some adjoining
cemetery of the Bedawin," loc. cit. p. 319 and p. 320 (q).
C. 530, L. 195, B. 134, Bi. 687, H. 144, Hi. 738, BN. 113,
BA. 109, Ai. 965, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 43, Oh. 37,
Oi. 860, Ca. 1550.
Purchased, 1879.
627. A cranium from " the graves lying behind the classical
temple or shrine on the southern bank of the Wady El-
Hamz, the boundary between Egypt and the Hejaz."
Described and figured by Mr. Busk, " Notes on a Skull
termed 'Nabathean,' " I.e. p. 321, pi. ix.; see also p. 320 (j).
C. 517, L. 190, B. 135, Bi. 711, H. 130, Hi. 684, BN. 103,
BA. 105, Ai. 1019, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1330.
Purchase(f, 1879.
628. The cranium of a young person from the same locality.
Loc. cit. p. 321 (k). The basilar suture is still open. All the
permanent teeth are in place, except the third molars. The
general characters are very similar to those of the last.
C. 483, L. 178, B. 125, Bi. 702, H. 125, Hi. 702, BN. 98,
BA. 93, Ai. 949, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861.
Purchased, 1879.
C29. The skull of an Arab : S ■ 0. C. 5562.
The upper part of the supraoccipital forms a detached
" epactal " bone.
C. 510, L. 180, B. 143, Bi. 794, H. 133, Hi. 739, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1470.
Astlet/- Cooper Collection. Piirrhased, 1843.
629 The skull of an Arab.
Metopic.
C. 510 L. 169, B. 150, Bi. 888, H. 127, Hi. 751. BN. 100.
INDIA.
BA. 101, Ai. 1010, Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
G29 2*. The skull of an Arab.
C. 490, L. 173, B. 137, Bi. 792, H. 132, Hi. 763, BX. 102,
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, Ca. 1345.
Presented by Lt.-CoI. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
B. India.
630. A skull described as that of a male Afghan. 0. C. 5540.
It more resembles, especially in its facial characters, the skull
of one of the Mongolian races than that of a true Afghan.
C. 485, L. 165, B. 137, Bi. 830, H. 134, Hi. 812, BN. 109,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1018, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1230,
Purchased from Mr. George Evans, 1840.
^* 630. The skull of Jalal, a male Mussulman from Kashmere,
aged 13. A labourer.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O.
630 ^ The skeleton of Mitra Mussa Khan, aged about 30 years,
a native of Cabul, who died in the Campbell Hospital,
Calcutta, on the 15th of December, 1880.
Spine of seventh cervical vertebra bifurcated.
C. 505, L. 170, B. 144, Bi. 847, H. 129, Hi. 759, BN. 97,
BA. 90, Ai. 928, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1390.
Presented hy Dr. S. Coull Mackenzie,
Surgeon-Major, Bengal Army, 1881.
630 2. The skull of a man obtained at Gar Kuch, or Gah Kuch,
reported to be that of a Yasinese, a tribe speaking the
Bawieshki dialect.
C. 518, L. 185, B. 136, Bi. 735, H. 128, Hi. 692, BN. 98,
BA. 87, Ai. 888, Nh. 50, Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1405.
IGU
ASIA.
630 ^. A skull, apparently 9 , from the same place.
C. 485, L. 174, B. 127, Bi. 730, H. 123, Hi. 707, BN. 99,
BA. 91, Ai. 919, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Oh. 35, Ca. 1210.
630 *, A cranium, from the same place.
C. 500, L. 179, B. 135, Bi. 754, H. 130, Hi. 726, BN. 97,
BA. 89, Ai. 918, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1455.
Presented by Surgeon G. M. Giles, F.K.C.S.,
I.M.S., 1886.
630 ^. A cranium obtained from a grave at Parpish in a Khovvar
speaking district, Nov. 19th, 1885.
C. 510, L. 177, B. 139, Bi. 785, H. 127, Hi. 718, BN. 96,
Ow. 39, Oh. 37, Oi. 949, Ca. 1405.
Presented by Surgeon G. M. Giles, 1886.
630 ®. A mutilated skull, S ■, obtained b}' the donor in his journey
through Chitral on a diplomatic and scientific mi.ssiun
from Gilgit to that place in 188.5. It lies S.E. of the
Hindu-Kush mountain-range in about 36° N. lat. and
74° E. long. Presented by Surgeon G. M. Giles, 1886.
630 ^ The skull of an Afghan.
C. 499, L. 167, B. 143, Bi. 856, H. 140, Hi. 838, BN. 110,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1009, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 40, Oh. ,35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1360.
1900.
630 The skull of Sarfarz Gul, a male Afghan, aged 35. A
coolie.
C. 488, L. 174, B. 1,32, Bi. 759, H. 127, Hi. 730, BN. 107,
BA. 106, Ai. 991, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1360.
630 The cranium of Sardar Khan, a male Afghan of Ghazni,
ased 40. A merchant.
C. 498, L. 172, B. 137, Bi. 797, H. 133, Hi. 773, BN. 104,
BA. 99, Ai. 952, Nh. ,54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. ,39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1330.
630^*. The skull of Mir Ahmed, a male Afghan of Uternanzo,
aged 86. Occupation, Zamindcr.
C. 473, L. 169, B. 124, Bi. 734, H. 124, Hi. 7,34, BN. 100,
Nh. 44, Nw. 26, Ni. .591, Ow. .37, Oh. .3.3,01. 892, Ca. lOSO.
INDIA.
161
630**. The skull o£ Ahmed Khan, a male Pathan, aged 35.
Occupation, cultivator.
C. 528, L. 191, B. 130, Bi. 681, H. 133, Hi. 696. BN. 104,
BA. 104, Ai. 1000, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1690.
The above four specimens presented by
Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles, K.C. V.O., 1906.
631. The cranium of a Pathan Mussulman : $ . 0. C. 5561.
From an insane individual, imprisoned on account of homi-
cide, and confined in the lunatic asylum at Calcutta.
C. 484, L. 169, B. 136, Bi. 805, H. 127, Hi. 751, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
01. 900, Ca. 1275.
Purchased from Mr. George Evans, 1840.
631 The articulated skeleton of male Punjabi.
C. 537, L. 191, B. 136, Bi. 712, H. 142, Hi. 734, BN. 116,
BA. Ill, Ai. 957, Nh. 54, Nw. 29, Ni. 537, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1435.
631 ^^*. The articulated skeleton of female Punjabi.
C. 487, L. 175, B. 125, Bi. 714, H. 130, Hi. 743, BN. 97,
BA. 99, Ai. 1021, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1345.
The above two specimens presented bij
Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles, K.C. V.O., 1906.
631 \ The skeleton (complete except for the sternum) of a male
Punjabi Mahomedan, aged 40 years, who died in the
Lahore C. jail, 1879.
C. 510, L. 188, B, 129, Bi. 686, H. 128, Hi. 681, BN. 99,
BA. 100, Ai. 1010, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 40, Oh. 29,
Oi. 725, Ca. 1285.
Presented by Arthur Stephen, Esq., and
H. W. Bellew, Esq., C.S.I., 1880.
631 ^. The skeleton of Protab Sing, a Sikh, a native of Lahore,
aged about 40 years, who died in the Campbell Hospital
Calcutta, 1880.
C. 493, L. 172, B. 132, Bi. 767, H. 140, Hi. 814, BN. 101,
M
162
ASIA.
BA. 95, Ai. 941, Nh. 57, Nw. 26, Xi. 456, Ow. 39, Oh. 3S,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1410.
Presented hy Dr. S. Coull Mackenzie, Surgeon Major,
Bengal Army, 1881.
631^*. The skull of Pir Mahammad. Male aged 50. Pesliwari.
Occupation, shopkeeper.
C. 507, L. 176, B. 138, Bi. 784, H. 134, Hi. 761, BN. 104,
BA. 96, Ai. 923, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1350.
631 2*. The skull of Akhtar Bobad. Male aged 45. Peshwari.
Occupation, coolie.
C. 525, L. 193, B. 137, Bi. 710, H. 135, Hi. 699, BN. Ill,
BA. 100, Ai. 990, Nh. 57, Nw. 26, Ni. 456, Ow. 37, Oh. 36,
Oi. 973, Ca. 1440.
631 A cranium from Pesliwar, of a man aged 30. A
beggar.
C. 515, L. 184, B. 135, Bi. 734, H. 133, Hi. 723, BN. 108,
BA. 101, Ai. 935, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1475.
631**. A cranium from Peshwar, of a man aged 36. A
beggar.
C. 512, L. 185, B. 134, Bi. 724, H. 132, Hi. 714, BN. 106,
BA. 102, Ai. 962, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1430.
631 The skull of Nooro, a woman aged 60, from Peshwar,
probably a Hindu. A beggar.
There is symmetrical atrophy of the parietal bones.
C. 481, L. 171, B. 133, Bi. 778, H. 116, Hi. 678, BN. 91,
BA. 90, Ai. 989, Nh. 41, Ow. 37, Oh. 33, Oi. 892, Ca. 107U.
631 The skull of Devi Ditta. A Hindu male aged 60, from
Dcra Naiak, Puujab. A beggar.
C. 522, L. 189, B. 131, Bi. 693, H. 135, Hi. 714, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 51, Nw. 30, Ni. 588, Ow. 39, Oh. .32.
Oi. 821, Ca. 1430.
INDIA.
163
631 The skull of Sbe-rali. A male Pathan, aged 30, from the
Punjab. A mullah.
C. 499, L. 176, B. 135, Bi, 767, H. 128, Hi. 75!!7, BN. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Kh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1510.
631 The skull of Rajgull. A male Pathan, aged 33, from
the Punjab.
C. 521, L. 187, B. 139, BI. 743, H. 139, Hi. 743, BX. 101,
BA. 94, Ai. 931, Nh. 59, Nw. 23, Ni. 390, Ow. 38, Oh. 39,
Oi. 1026, Ca. 1570.
631 The skull of Yaqub, a Pathan Mussulman, aged 40.
A cultivator.
C. 500, L. 169, B. 147, Bi. 870, H. 135, Hi. 799, BN. 102,
Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 39, Oh. 37, Oi. 949.
631^" *. The skull of Gulrang, a Pathan Mussulman from Kahat,
aged 42.
C. 533, L. 190, B. 143, Bi. 753, H. 142, Hi. 747, BN". 112,
BA. 107, Ai. 955, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1630.
631"*. The skull of Ata Khan, a Pathan from the Punjab,
aged 60.
Metopic.
C. 518, L. 181, B. 137, Bi. 757, H. 126, Hi. 696, BN. 105,
BA. 98, Ai. 933, Nh, 59, Nw. 27, Ni. 458, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca, 1435.
631 ^^*. The skull of Zur Dona, a Mussulman, wife of a Pathan
of Bannon, aged 50.
C. 501, L. 180, B. 133, Bi. 739, H. 130, Hi. 722, BN. 99,
BA. 91, Ai. 919, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1320.
63113*. The skull of Sawan Singh, a Hindu Sikh from the
Punjab, aged 33. Jat c? •
C. 524, L. 184, B. 142, Bi. 772, H. 133, Hi. 723, BN. 105,
BA. 101, Ai. 962, Nh. 52, Nw, 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875.
H 2
164
ASIA.
631 The skull of Sunder Singh, a Hindu Sikh from the
Punjab, aged 33. Jat c? •
C. 510, L. 179, B. 135, Bi. 754, H. 135, Hi. 754, BN. 109,
BA. 97, Ai. 890, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1365.
631 15*. The skull of a Hindu from the Punjab. Male aged 45.
C. 507, L. 183, B. 133, Bi. 727, H. 131, Hi. 716, BN. 105,
BA. 98, Ai. 933, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1360.
631 16*. The skull of Abinash, a Hindu male, aged 40. Punjab.
C. 473, L. 171, B. 129, Bi. 754, H. 128, Hi. 749, BN. 95,
Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 35, Oh. 32, Oi. 914, Ca. 1210.
631"*. The cranium of a Hindu, from the Punjab. Male
aged 40.
C. 504, L. 183, B. 134, Bi. 732, H. 136, Hi. 743, BN. 101,
Nh. 49, Nw. 28, Ni. 571, Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1330.
631 1^*. The skull of a Hindu from the Punjab. Male aged 80.
Metopic.
C. 507, L. 180, B. 133, Bi. 739, H. 130, Hi. 722, BN. 103,
Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 34, Oh. 29, Oi. 853, Ca. 1335.
631 1^*. The cranium of GopiNauth, a Hindu from the Punjab.
Male aged 18.
C. 501, L. 186, B. 126, Bi. 677, H. 134, Hi. 720, BN. 102,
BA. 101, Ai. 990, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1430.
631 20*. The skull of a Hindu from the Punjab. Male aged 30.
Metopic.
C. 490, L. 181, B. 129, Bi. 713, H. 126, Hi. 696, BN. 95,
BA. 88, Ai. 926, Nh. 44, Ow. 36, Ca. 1280.
631 21*. The skull of a Hindu from the Punjab. Male aged 55.
C. 482, L. 174, B. 125, Bi. 718, H. 135, Hi. 776, BN. 104,
Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 31, Oi. 838, Ca. 1235.
631^2*. The skull of a Hindu from the Punjab. A beggar
woman, ngcd 50.
C. 468, L. 164, B. 131, Bi. 799, H. 128, Hi. 780, BN. i)5,
BA. 93, Ai, 979, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511. Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 916, Ca. 1215.
INDIA.
165
631 ^^*. The cranium of Amira, a Mahomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 30.
C. 480, L. 176, B. 125, Bi. 710, H. 123, Hi. 699, BX. 97,
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, Nh. 44, Nw. 26, Ni. 591, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1160.
(531 24*. The skull of Shair Dill, a Mahomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 25.
C. 500, L. 178, B. 134, Bi. 753, H. 135 ,Hi. 758, BN. 103,
BA. 93, Ai. 903, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 36, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1000.
631 2^*. The skull of Nandoo, a Mahomedan from the Punjab, a
sweeper. Male aged 45.
C. 495, L. 182, B. 125, Bi. 687, H. 128, Hi. 703, BN. 109,
BA. 104, Ai. 954, Nh. 53, Nw. 28, Ni. 528, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1270.
631 ^^*. The cranium of Iman Din, a Mahomedan from the
Punjab. Male aged 40.
C. 504, L. 184, B. 131, Bi. 712, H. 129, Hi. 701, BiY. 106,
BA. 97, li. 915, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1360.
631"*. The skull of a Mahomedan from the Punjab. Male
aged 43.
C. 465, L. 170, B. 123, Bi. 724, H. 122, Hi. 718, BN. 99,
BA. 96, Ai. 970, Nh. 45, Nw. 27, Ni. 600, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1045.
631 2**. The skull of Charag Din, a Mahomedan from the
Punjab. Male aged 30.
C. 513, L. 189, B. 132, Bi. 698, H. 133, Hi. 704, BN. 106,
BA. 104, Ai. 981, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1395.
631 2^*. The skull of Karim Buse, a Mahomedan from the
Punjab. Male aged 50. A cultivator.
C. 515, L. 186, B. 129, Bi. 694, H. 130, Hi. 699, BN. 102,
BA. 103, Ai. 1010, Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1410.
1G6
ASIA.
C31 20*. The skull of Mutta, a Mahomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 18. A beggar.
C. 493, L. 183, B. 121, Bi. 661, H. 131, Hi. 716, BN. 100,
BA. 82, Ai. 820, Nh. 47, Nw. 19, Ni. 404, Ow. 36, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1310.
C31^^*. The skull of Sliamira, a Mahomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 60. A singer.
C. 510, L. 184, B. 134, Bi. 728, H. 138, Hi. 750, BX. 102,
Nh. 55, Nw. 22, Ni. 400, Ow. 39, Oh, 38, Oi. 974.
031^-*. The skull of Miran Buse, a Mahomedan from the
Punjab. Male aged 20. A beggar.
C. 498, L. 185, B. 125, Bi. 676, H. 130, Hi. 703, BN. 104,
BA. 97, Ai. 933, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1320.
631 ^^*. The skull of Jamaldin, a Mahomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 20. A cultivator.
C. 508, L. 183, B. 138, Bi. 754, H. 135, Hi. 738, BN. 102,
BA. 101, Ai. 990, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1465.
631 ^^*. The skull of Jamraa, a Mahomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 25. A labourer.
C. 524, L. 197, B. 130, Bi. 660, H. 129, Hi. 655, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1510.
631 ^^*. The cranium of Hazari Shah, a Mahomedan from the
Punjab. Male aged 26. A cultivator.
C. 514, L. 188, B. 133, Bi. 707, H. 133, Hi. 707, BN. 108,
BA. 106, Ai. 981, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1390.
631 2''*. The cranium of Faquir, a Mahomedan from the Punjub.
Male aged 70.
C. 509, L. 186, B. 1,36, Bi. 731, H. 135, Hi. 726, BN. 104,
BA. 104, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1^80.
631 The skull of Mongoo, a Mahomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 19.
C. ,506, L. 184, B. 134, Bi. 728, H. 131, Hi. 712, BN. 104,
BA. 97, Ai. 933, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944.
INDIA.
1G7
631 ^^*. The skull of Kaloo, a Maliomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 29. A weaver.
C. 530, L. 191, B. 134, Bi. 702, H. 143, Hi. 749, BX. 114,
BA. 102, Ai. 895, Nh. 59, Nw. 25, JSTi. 424, Ow. 41, Oh. 38,
Oi. 927, Ca. 1630.
631 The skull of Rooraj a Mahomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 50.
C. 488, L. 175, B. 130, Bi. 743, H. 140, Hi. 800, B^. 106,
BA. 100, Ai. 943, Nh. 57, Nw. 24, Ni. 421, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1225.
631*0*. The skull of a Mahomedan from the Punjab. Male
aged 35.
C. 507, L. 185, B. 135, Bi. 730, H. 129, Hi. 697, BN. 104,
BA. 98, Ai. 942, Nh. 55, Nw. 28, Ni. 509, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1355.
631*^*. The skull of a Mahomedan from the Punjab. Male
aged 35.
Metopic.
C. 500, L. 179, B. 130, Bi. 726, H. 133, Hi. 743, BN. 101,
BA. 98, Ai. 970, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1320.
631*^*. The skull of Karim, a Maliomedan from the Punjab.
Male aged 38. A laboui-er.
C. 478, L. 176, B. 124, Bi. 705, H. 125, Hi. 710, BN. 93,
BA. 89, Ai. 957, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1165.
631*^*. The cranium of a Mahomedan from the Punjab. Male
aged 35.
C. 488, L. 178, B. 124, Bi. 697, H. 137, Hi. 770, BN. 105,
BA. 99, Ai. 943, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1210.
631 The skull of Mossa, a Mahomedan from tbe Punjab.
Male aged 30. A washerman.
C. 498, L. 184, B. 131, Bi. 712, H. 131, Hi. 712, BN. 102,
BA. 97, Ai. 951, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 39, Oh 32,
Oi. 889.
1G8
ASIA.
631 *^*. The cranium of a Mahomedan from the Punjab. Male
aged 30.
C. 516, L. 188, B. 131, Bi. 713, H. 131, Hi. 713, BX. 112,
Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1450.
631 The skull of Fatima, a woman of Jallandhar. Maho-
medan aged 18. A tailor.
C. 484, L. 178, B. 126, Bi. 708, H. 130, Hi, 730, BN. 93,
BA. 87, Ai. 935, Nh. 47, Nw. 21, Ni. 447, Ow. 35, Oh. 35,
Oi. ]000, Ca. 1240.
631 *^*. The cranium of Bagam, a Mahomedan woman from the
Punjab, aged 45.
C. 447, L. 161, B. 119, Bi. 739, H. 123, Hi. 764, BN. 93,
BA, 86, Ai. 925, Nh. 43, Nw. 23, Ni. 535, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 970.
631 ^**. The cranium of a Mahomedan woman from the Punjab,
aged 20.
C. 475, L. 174, B. ]2], Bi. 695, H. 124, Hi. 713, BN. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Nh. 42, Nw. 25, Ni. 595, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838.
631 *^*. The cranium of Amiro, a Mahomedan woman from the
Punjab, aged 60.
C. 489, L. 174, B. 134, Bi. 770, H. 139, Hi. 799, BN. 103,
BA. 99, Ai. 961, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889.
63Po*. The skull of Kader Bukhoh, a Koak from the Punjab,
aged 25.
C. 504, L. 180, B. 136, Bi. 756, H. 135, Hi. 750, BN. 103,
BA. 96, Ai. 932, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni, 478, Oav. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789, Ca. 1550.
631^'*. Tiie skull of Fazlan, an aboriginal female from the
Punjab, aged 30. A sweeper.
C. 483, L. 173, B. 129, Bi. 746, H. 125, Hi. 723, BN. 98,
BA. 89, Ai. 908, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1155.
631 ^^*. The skull of Jamai, an aboriginal female from the
Punjab, aged 26. A sweeper.
Metopic.
C. 487, L. 175, B. 123, Bi. 703, BN. 96, BA. 91, Ai. 948,
Nh. 48, Nw. 2.3, Ni. 479, Ow. 38, Oh. 37, Oi. 974.
INDIA.
169
631^^*. The cranium o£ Shara, a male Bhat from the Punjab,
aged 35. A caste of genealogists and family bards.
C. 468, L. 168, B. 122, Bi. 726, H. 122, Hi. 726, BN. 95,
BA. 92, Ai. 968, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1070.
631 ^**. The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 470, L. 172, B. 122, Bi. 709, H. 125, Hi. 727, BN. 96,
BA. 91, Ai. 948, Nh. 43, Nw. 24, Ni. 558, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1060.
631 ^^*. The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 471, L. 163, B. 132, Bi. 810, H. 126, Hi. 773, BN. 95,
Nh. 47, Ow. 40, Oh. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1075.
631 ^^*. The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 510, L. 185, B. 130, Bi. 703, H. 138, Hi. 746, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1435.
631"*. The imperfect cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 511. L. 190, B. 130, Bi. 684, H. 135, Hi. 711, BN. 109.
631 ^^*. The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 512, L. 191, B. 126, Bi. 660, H. 132, Hi. 691, BN. 110,
BA. 103, Ai. 936, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1350.
631 ^^*. The skull of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 500, L. 183,B. 130, Bi. 710, H. 133, Hi. 727, BN. 104,
BA. 95, Ai. 913, Nh. 49, Nw. 28, Ni. 571, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1360.
631 ^°*. The skull of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 498, L. 178, B. 133, Bi. 747, H. 141, Hi. 792, BN. 101,
BA. 96, Ai. 950, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1365.
631 ^^*. The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 505, L. 188, B. 127, Bi. 676, H. 129, Hi. 686, BN. 100,
BA. ]01, Ai. 1010, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 39, Oh. 39,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1310.
631 The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 491, L. 182, B. 119, Bi. 654, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 102,
BA. 95, Ai. 931, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1285.
170 ASIA^.
631 ^^*. The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 505, L. 184, B. 127, Bi. 690, H. 142, Hi. 772, EX. 109,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1018, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. S7, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, Ca. 1310.
631 The skull of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 509, L. 185, B. 132, Bi. 714, H. 145, Hi. 784, EX. 108,
BA. 98, Ai. 907, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Isi. 519, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1415.
631 ^''*. The skull of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 493, L. 182, B. 125, Bi. G87, H. 130, Hi. 714, BN. 100,
BA. 93, Ai. 930, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 4G2, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1325.
631^^*. The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 505, L. 186, B. 129, Bi. 694, H. 134, Hi. 720, BN. 104,
BA. 96, Ai. 923, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1380.
631 The skull o£ a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 523, L. 194, B. 131, Bi. 675, H. 131, Hi. 675, BN. 107,
BA. 101, Ai. 944, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1460.
631 ®^*. The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 511, L. 182, B. 134, Bi. 736, H. 133, Hi. 731, BN. 107,
BA. 97, Ai. 907, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1410.
g3|G9«_ 'jjjg cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 491, L. 182, B. 123, Bi, 676, H. 131, Hi. 720, BN. 105,
BA. 99, Ai. 943, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1365.
631 The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 499, L. 180, B. 130, Bi. 722, H. 124, Hi. 689, BN. 101,
BA. 98, Ai. 970, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1305.
631 '1*. The skull of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 486, L. 177, B. 135, Bi. 763, H. 129, Hi. 729, BN. 91,
BA. 90, Ai. 989, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1270.
INDIA,
171
631 The skull of a low-caste Punjabi.
C. 487, L. 172, B. 130, Bi. 756, H. 134, Hi. 779, BN. 97,
BA. 95, Ai. 979, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1255.
631 A cranium from the Punjab,
Metopic.
C. 498, L. 170, B. 142, Bi. 835, H. 128, Hi. 753, Bl^. 96,
BA. 97, Ai. 1010, Nh. 51, Nw. 29, Ni. 569, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1310.
631 ^^*, A skull from the Punjab.
C. 494, L. 182, B. 127, Bi. 698, H. 133, Hi. 731, BN. 101,
BA. 94, Ai. 931, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 4G9, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1310.
631 ^5*. A skull from the Punjab.
C. 517, L. 189, B. 133. Bi. 704, H. 137, Hi. 725, BN. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 53, Ow. 36, Oh. 33, Oi. 917, Ca. 1480.
631 ^«*. A skull from the Punjab.
C. 505, L. 187, B. 124, Bi. 663, H. 136, Hi. 727, BN. 103,
BA. 96, Ai. 932, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi, 868, Ca. 1345.
631 A skull from the Punjab.
Metopic.
C. 508, L. 184, B. 133. Bi, 723, H. 132, Hi. 717, BN. 104,
BA. 88, Ai. 846, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow. 37, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1435,
631 ''^*. The cranium of a Hindu from the Punjab,
Metopic.
C. 518, L. 185, B. 134, Bi. 724, H. 128, Hi. 692, BN. 97,
BA. 91, Ai. 938, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1440.
631 "^*. The skull of Gihasita, a male Hindu Rajpoot from the
Punjab, aged 35. A shopkeeper.
C. 510, L. 183, B. 135, Bi. 738, H. 125, Hi. 683, BN. 97,
BA. 96, Ai. 990, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1375.
172
ASIA.
631*'^*. The skull of Mir Din, a Mussulman Rajpoot from the
Punjab. Male aged 25. Tribe, Bhate.
C. 510, L. 186, B. 127, Bi. 683, H. 133, Hi. 715, BN. 103,
BA. 99, Ai. 961, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1345.
631 The skull of Rohim Khan, a Mussulman Rajpoot
from the Punjab. Male aged 41. A cultivator.
C. 517, L. 189, B. 134, Bi. 709, H. 131, Hi. 693, BN. 109,
BA. 105, Ai. 963, Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 43, Oh. 39,
Oi. 907, Ca. 1375.
631 ^^*. The skull of Kamini, a Mussulman Rajpoot from the
Punjab. Female aged 60.
C. 504, L. 179, B. 137, Bi. 765, H. 132, Hi. 737, BN. 99,
Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 37, Oi. 974.
631^3*. The skull of Devi Ditta, a Hindu Brahmin from the
Punjab. Male aged 60. A cultivator.
C. 520, L. 188, B. 134, Bi. 713, H. 134, Hi. 713, BN. 108,
BA. 97, Ai. 898, Nh. 57, Nw. 24, Ni. 421, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1480.
631 «^*. The skull of a Hindu Brahmin from the Punjab. Male
aged 4.5. Occupation, bania.
Metopic.
C. 518, L. 190, B. 130, Bi. 684, H. 138, Hi. 726, BN. 103,
BA. 92, Ai. 893, Nh. 54, Nw. 22, Ni. 407, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1485.
G31 ^^*. The skull of Mathura Paharia, a Hindii Brahmin from
the hill country, Punjab. Male aged 30.
C. 501, L. 185, B. 125, Bi. 670, H. 130, Hi. 703, BN. 95,
BA. 89, Ai. 937, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1390.
631 The skull of Lachmi, a Hindu Brahmin from the
Punjab. Female nged 40. A cook.
C. 405, L. 165, B. 129, Bi. 782, H. 120, Hi. 727, BN. P4,
BA. 95, Ai. 1011, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943.
IXDIA.
173
631 The skill! of Gujral, a Hindu Mussulman from the
Punjab. Male aged 60. A bania.
C. 494, L. 178, B. 124, Bi. 697, H. 133, Hi. 747, B^. 106,
BA. 93, Ai. 877, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1355.
631^^*. The skull of Kakri, a male Hindu from the Punjab,
aged 60. Caste, Khatree.
C. 494, L. 180, B. 131, Bi. 728, H. 127, Hi. 706, BN. 99,
BA. 95, Ai. 960, Nh. 47, Nw. 28, Ni. 596, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1285.
631*^*. The skull of Ram Lai, a male Hindu from the Punjab,
aged 30. Caste, Khatree.
C. 518, L. 189, B. 134, Bi. 709, H. 138, Hi. 730, BN. 109,
BA. 103, Ai. 945, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1500.
631 The skull of Makha, a male Hindu from the Punjab,
aged 44. A beggar of the Khatree caste.
The atlas is ankylosed to the skull.
C. 502, L. 184, B. 127, Bi. 690, BN. 100, BA. 101, Ai. 1010,
Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842.
631 ^^*. The skull of Munshi, a male Hindu from the Punjab,
aged 55. Caste, Khatree. A bania.
C. 485, L. 176, B. 121, Bi. 688, H. 135, Hi. 767, BN. 108,
BA. 96, Ai. 889, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1245.
631 ^^*. The skull of Ishwari, a female Hindu from the Punjab,
aged 18. Caste, Khatree.
C. 500, L. 186, B. 129, Bi. 694, H. 134, Hi. 720, BN. 110,
BA. 99, Ai. 900, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 37, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, Ca. 1245.
631^3*. The skull of Jinda Shah, a Mussulman from the
Punjab. Male aged 26. A Syad beggar.
C. 497, L. 177, B. 137, Bi. 774, H. 135, Hi. 763, BN. 95,
BA. 99, Ai. 1042, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816.
174
ASIA.
631 ^^*. The skull of Ali Ahmed, a Mussulman from the
Punjab. Male aged 50. Tribe, Syad.
C. 518, L. 189, B. 133, Bi. 704, H. 139, Hi. 735, BN. 102,
BA. 93, Ai. 912, Nh. 54, Nw. 28, Ni. 519, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974.
631 ^^*. The cranium of a low-caste Punjabi, a male Hindu
aged 40.
C. 505, L. 186, B. 129, Bi. 694, H. 138, Hi. 742, BN". 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1485.
631 ^^*. The cranium of Shadi, a male Hindu from the Punjab,
aged 46. Caste, Mali. A gardener.
C. 506, L. 182, B. 130, Bi. 714, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 101,
m. 51, Nw. 29, N"i. 569, Ow. 39, Oh. 31, Oi. 795.
631 ^^*. The skull of Atwari, a female Hindu from the Punjab,
aged 35. A coolie.
C. 463, L. 169, B. 118, Bi. 698, H. 121, Hi. 716, BX. 95,
BA. 100, Ai. 1053, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919.
631 *^*. The skull of Ramdhan, a male Hindu from the Punjab,
aged 30. A carpenter. LoAv-caste Sudra.
C. 485, L. 167, B. 131, Bi. 784, H. 134, Hi. 802, BN. 99,
BA. 96, Ai. 970, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1335.
631 The skull of Khedua, a male Hindu from the Punjab,
aged 45.
C. 508, L. 177, B. 133, Bi. 751, H. 133, Hi. 751, BN. 97,
BA. 101, Ai. 1041, Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 509, Ow. 41, Oh. 30,
Oi. 732, Ca. 1380.
631 1''"*. The skull of a male Hindu from the Punjab, aged 40.
C. 512, L. 185, B. 136, Bi. 735, H. 131, Hi. 708, BN. 100,
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1445.
631 '°^*. The skull of Gopal Singh, a male Hindu from the
Punjab, aged 80.
C. 508, L. 185, B. 131, Bi. 708, H. 133, Hi. 719, BN. 105,
Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 4.55, Ow. 41, Oh. 36, Oi. 873, Ca. 1310.
The ahore 101 specimens tvere presented hij
Lt.-Col Sir R. TL Charles, IJJ.S., K.C.V.O., Vm.
ixniA,
175
632. The cranium of a Mussulman from tlie Province of Delhi :
c?. O.C. 5560.
C. 512, L. 189, B. 125, Bi. 661, H. 132, Hi. 698, BX. 102,
Nh. 52, Nw. 25, M. 481, Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi. 895, Ca. 1330.
Presented by Dr. G. M. Paterson §, 1823.
632 ^ The cranium of a Hindu from Lucknow.
C. 502, L. 184, B. 128, Bi. 696, H. 138, Hi. 750, BN. 100,
BA. 91, Ai. 910, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1385.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 197.
632 The skull of a female from Benares, aged 70.
C. 493, L. 179, B. 127, Bi. 709, H. 131, Hi. 732, m. 96,
BA. 91, Ai. 948, JSTh. 45, ISTw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1330.
632 2*. The skull of Nanak Chand, male aged 30, from the
North- West Provinces. Caste, Khatree.
C. 501, L. 185, B. 129, Bi. 697, H. 138, Hi. 746, BN. 105,
BA. 104, Ai. 990, Nh. 51, Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi. 919, Ca. 1285.
632 The cranium of Mirza Maghal Beg, a male Pathan
Mussulman aged 80, from Delhi. A clerk.
C. 489, L. 175, B. 131, Bi. 749, H. 133, Hi. 760, BN. 103,
Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1330.
632 The skull of Chattoo, a male Hindu from Meerut, aged
25. Caste, Thakur. A beggar.
C. 494, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 783, H. 129, Hi. 737, BN. 97,
BA. 98, Ai. 1010, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, N. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1405.
632 The skull of a Hindu from the North- West Provinces,
C. 525, L. 190, B. 137, Bi. 721, H. 138, Hi. 726, BN. 105,
BA. 94, Ai. 895, Nh. 58, Nw. 22, Ni. 379, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1500.
§ Author of "An Essay on the Construction of the Asiatic Craniam,"
Trans. Fhrenoiogical Society of Edinburgh, vol. i.
176
ASIA.
632 «*. The skull of a Hindu from the North- West Provinces.
C. 498. L. 178, B. 126, BL 708, H. 132, Hi. 742, BN. 101,
BA. 98, Ai. 970, Nh. 57, Nw. 23, Ni. 404, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1280.
632 The cranium of a child from the North-West Provinces.
632 The cranium o£ a child from the North- West Provinces.
632 ®*. The cranium of a child from the North- West Provinces.
632 The cranium of a child from the North-West Provinces.
632 ^'*. The cranium of a child from the North-West Provinces.
632 ^^*. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 4^3, L. 171, B. 133, Bi, 778, H. 137, Hi. 801, BN, 99.
BA. 84, Ai. 849, Nh. 45, Nw. 23, M. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1320.
632^^*. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 464, L. 168. B. 124, Bi. 738, H. 131, Hi. 780, m. 99,
BA. 99, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1100.
632 A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 475, L. 171, B. 126, Bi. 737, H. 124, Hi. 725, BN. 96,
BA. 90, Ai. 938, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1140.
632 A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 469, L. 169, B. 125, Bi. 740, H. 120, Hi. 710, BN. 94,
BA. 94, Ai. 1000, Nh. 40, Nw. 24, Ni. 600, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi. 806, Ca. 1095.
632 ^**. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 498, L. 175, B. 138, Bi. 789, H. 132, Hi. 754, BN. 97,
BA. 91, Ai. 938, Nh. 43, Nw. 22, Ni. 512, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1200.
032^'*. The cranium of a child from the North-West Provinces.
632^**. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 462, L. 171, B. 115, Bi. 673, H. 122, Hi. 713, BN. 97,
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 40, Nw. 25, Ni. 025, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1010.
i>;l)IA.
177
632^^*. A cranium from the North- West Provinces.
C. 481, L. 173, B. 128, Bi. 740, H. 129, Hi. 74G, BN. 98,
BA. 91, Ai. 929, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1235.
632 ^'**. A cranium Eroin the North- West Provinces.
C. 488, L. 167, B. 130, Bi. 778, H. 130, Hi. 778, BN. 104,
BA. 105, Ai. 1010, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. ;:.42, Ca. 1230.
632 -^*. A skull from the North- West Provinces.
Metopic.
C. 490, L. 174, B. 135, Bi. 776, H. 135, Hi. 776, BN. 93,
BA. 92, Ai. 989, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 38, Oh. 29,
Oi. 763, Ca. 1365.
632^^*. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 490, L. 177, B. 127, Bi. 718, H. 131, Hi. 740, BN. 108,
BA. 102, Ai. 944, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1145.
632^^*. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 488, L. 177, B. 130, Bi. 734, H. 129, Hi. 729, BN. 100,
BA. 93, Ai. 930, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1240.
632^^*. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
, C. 523, L. 189, B. 133, Bi. 704, H. 129, Hi. 683, BN. 109,
BA. 103, Ai. 945, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 854. Ca. 1415.
632^^*. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 507, L. 180, B. 134, Bi. 744, H. 130, Hi. 722, BN. 96
Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1320.
632 ^''*. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 472, L. 163, B. 126, Bi. 750, H. 130, Hi. 774, BN. 100,
BA. 101, Ai. 1010, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1075.
632 ^^*. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 528, L. 191, B. 140, Bi. 733, H. 137, Hi. 717, BN. 108
BA. 99, Ai. 917, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1500.
178
ASIA.
632 A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 467, L. 170, B. 121, Bi. 712, H. 127, Hi. 747, BN. 97,
BA. 96, Ai. 990, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1035.
632 A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 523, L. 190, B. 138, Bi. 726, H. 139, Hi. 732, BN. 108,
BA. 98, Ai. 907, Nh. 47. Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1540.
632 ^^*. A cranium from the North-West Provinces.
C. 483, L. 176, B. 132, Bi. 750, H. 130, Hi. 739, BN. 97,
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 37, Oh. 29.
Oi. 784, Ca. 1180.
The above thirty specimens presented by
Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles, I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
633. The cranium of a Mussuhnan from the province of Behar,
Hindustan. 0. C. 5559.
C. 476, L. 169, B. 132, Bi. 781, H. 132, Hi. 781, BN. 96,
BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1270.
Presented by Dr. George M. Paterson, 1823.
6331*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 60.
Rajpoot.
C. 499, L. 181, B. 125, Bi. 691, H. 131, Hi. 724, BN. 102,
BA. 98, Ai. 961, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 37, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, C,i. 127.5.
633^*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 45.
Rajpoot.
C. 484, L. 178, B. 126, Bi. 708, H. 132, Hi. 742, BN. 95,
BA. 92, Ai. 968, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi, 800, Ca. 1235.
633 3*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. ]\Ia!e aged 55.
Rajpoot.
C. 497, L. 177, B. L'Ki, Bi. 7GS, H. 128, Hi. 723, BN. 95,
BA. 92, Ai. 968, Nh. 4.'). Nw. 24. Ni. 533. Ow. 36. Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1320.
INDIA.
179
633**. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 60.
Rajpoot.
C. 515, L. 181, B. 137, Bi. 757, H. 132, Hi. 729, BN. 106,
BA. 102, Ai. 962, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1375.
633^*. The skull o£ a Behari from Patna, Male aged 60.
Rajpoot.
C. 515, L. 189, B. 136, Bi. 720, H. 136, Hi. 720, BN. 100,
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 49, Nw. 28, Ni. 571, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1365.
633 The skull of a Behari from Patna. Female aged 70.
Rajpoot.
C. 477, L. 170, B. 128, Bi. 753, H. 129, Hi. 759, BN. 92,
Nh. 45, Nw. 27, Ni. 600, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842, Ca. 1125.
633'*. The skull of a Behari from Patna, Male aged 70.
Brahmin.
C. 505, L. 188, B. 132, Bi. 702, H. 139, Hi. 739, BN. 103,
Nh. 45, Nw. 23, Ni. 511, Ow. 39, Oh. 32, Oi. 821, Ca. 1350.
633 ^*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 65.
Brahmin.
C. 518, L. 182, B. 140, Bi. 769, H. 138, Hi. 758, BN. 102,
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 57, Nw. 25, Ni. 439, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Cii. 1510.
633 »*. The skull o£ a Behari from Patna. Female aged 55.
Brahmin.
C. 462, L. 163, B. 126, Bi. 773, H. 123, Hi. 755, BN. 100,
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 1150.
633"*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Female aged 46.
Brahmin.
C. 459, L. 168, B. 119, Bi. 708, H. 123, Hi. 732, BN. 90,
BA. 91, Ai. 1011, Nh. 44, Nw. 22, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1020.
633"*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 48.
Caste, Kaistha.
C. 463, L. 169, B. 123, Bi. 728, H. 124, Hi. 734, BN. 93,
BA. 89, Ai. 957, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 1085.
n2
180
ASIA,
63312*. The skull of a Hindu Behari from Patna. Male
aged 65. A carpenter. Low-caste Sudra.
C. 463, L. 157, B. 132, Bi. 841, H. 129, Hi. 822, BN. 96,
m. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 37, Oh. 36, 01. 973, Ca. 1140.
633 13*. The skull of a Hindu Behari from Patna. Male
aged 40. Kahar. Low-caste Sudra.
C. 490, L. 175, B. 132, Bi. 754, H. 130, Hi. 743, BN. 99,
BA. 98, Ai. 990, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1300.
6331^*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 60.
Uhamar caste : an aboriginal tribe. The Tanner
caste of Behar.
C. 479, L. 170, B. 134, Bi. 788, H. 126, Hi. 741, BN. 94.
BA. 93, Ai. 989, Nh. 43, Nw. 24, Ni. 558, Ow. 36, Oh. 28,
Oi. 778, Ca. 1070.
633 The skull of a Behari from Gaya. Male aged 60.
Musahar caste. A cultivating; caste of Behar.
C. 474, L. 173, B. 121, Bi. 699, H. 130, Hi. 751, BN. 97,
BA. 89, Ai. 918, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1130.
633 The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 35.
Dhanuk caste. A cultivating caste of Behar.
C. 451, L. 165, B. 125, Bi. 758, H. 123, Hi. 745, BN. 96,
BA. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 38, Nw. 23, Ni. 605, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi. 806, Ca. 960.
633 1'*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 56.
Kurmi caste. A cultivating caste of Behar.
C. 509, L. 18-^, B. 132, Bi. 717, H. 127, Hi. 690, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. .50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1.340.
633'"*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 55.
Babhan caste. Cultivator.
C. 478, L. 171, B. 127, Bi. 743, H. 131, Hi. 766, EX. 103,
BA. 95, Ai. 922, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897. Ca. 121 n.
ixnrA.
LSI
633 The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 08.
Babhan caste. Cultivator.
C. 487, L. 170, B. 133, Bi. 782, H. 136, Hi. 800, BN. 105,
Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 39, Oh. 32, Oi. 821, Ca. 1215,
633 20*. The skull of a Behari from Patna. Male aged 55.
Babhan caste. Cultivator.
C. 482, L. 172, B. 129, Bi. 750, H. 127, Hi. 738, BN. 93,
BA. 95, Ai. 1022, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. .568, Ow. 37, Oh. 28,
Oi. 757, Ca. 1230.
633^1*. The skull of Tika, a Mahomedan Jat from Bengal.
Male aged 95. Cultivator.
C. 510, L. 184, B. 127, Bi. 690, BN. 106, Nh. 50, Nw. 27,
Ni. 540, Ow. 38, Oh. 3-5, Oi. 921.
633^2*. The skull of Peer Bukish, a Mussulman Jat from
Bengal. Male aged 22. Cultivator.
C. 493, L. 177, B. 133, Bi. 751, H. 130, Hi. 734, BN. 102,
BA. 91, Ai. 892, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919.
633 23*. The skull of Bootu, a Mussulman Jat from Bengal.
Male aged 45. Cultivator.
C. 497, L. 180, B. 129, Bi. 717, H. 134, Hi. 744, BN. 105,
BA. 99, Ai. 943, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
Oi. 857.
633 24*. The skull of Thaker Singh, a Hindu Jat from Bengal.
Male aged 40.
The atlas is ankylosed to the skull.
C. 513, L. 182, B. 141, Bi. 775, BN. 102, Nh. 50, Nw. 24,
Ni. 480, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842, Ca. 1475.
633 25*. The skull of Lakha, a Hindu Jat from Bengal. Male
aged 60.
C. 486, L. 179, B. 127, Bi. 709, BN. 104, Nh. 48, Nw. 25,
Ni. 521, Ow. 39, Oh. 30, Oi. 769.
633 26*. Tj^^ gj^^jj jyj^^^^ Singh, a Hindu Jat from Bengal.
Male aged 50.
C. 526, L. 188, B. 133, Bi. 707, H. 123, Hi. 654, BN. 94,
BA. 91, Ai. 968, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1425,
182
ASIA.
^633"*. The skull of a Mussulman Jat from Benoal. Male
aged 35.
C. 486, L. 175, B. 130, Bi. 743, H. 124, Hi. 709, BN. 103,
BA. 97, Ai. 942, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1185.
633^^*. The skull of Jamiat Singh, a Hindu Jat from Bengal.
Male aged 60. Cultivator.
C. 497, L. 181, B. 129, Bi. 713, H. 144, Hi. 796, BN. Ill,
BA. 99, Ai. 892, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1365.
633 The skull of Thaker Singh, a Hindu Jat from Bengal.
Male aged 80.
C. 503, L. 182, B. 133, Bi. 731, H. 128, Hi. 703, BN. 103,
BA. 97, Ai. 942, Nh. 57, Nw. 26, Ni. 456, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi, 875, Ca. 1350.
633 The skull of Bhola Singh, a Hindu Jat from Bengal.
Male aged 30.
C. 485, L. 173, B. 124, Bi, 717, H. 130, Hi. 751, BN. 98,
BA. 96, Ai. 980, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1220.
633^^*. The skull of Jewan Singh, a Hindu Jat from Bengal.
Male aged 30.
C. 514, L. 188, B. 133, Bi. 707, H. 132, Hi. 702, BN. 104,
BA. 95, Ai. 931, Nh. 52, Nw. 2], Ni. 404, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1365.
633^'*. The skull of Baldeb, a Hindu Brahmin from Bengal.
Male aged 35.
C. 534, L. 200, B. 130, Bi. 650, H. 138, Hi. 690, BN. 113,
BA. 105, Ai. 929, Nh. 60, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1480.
g33 33«_ The skull of a male Brahmin aged 80, from Bengal.
The atlas is ankylosed to the skull.
C. 407, L. 168,'b. 125, Bi. 744, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556,
Ow. 37, Oh. 30, Oi. SI], Ca. 1110.
INDIA..
183
633 The skull of Khoda Buse, a Mahomedan Shaikh from
Bengal, Male aged 25.
C. 493, L. 178, B. 127, Bi. 713, H. 127, Hi. 713, BN. 100,
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1150.
633^^*. The skull of Bamy, a Mahomedan Shaikh from Bengal,
aged 35.
C. 456, L. 153, B. 135, Bi. 882, H. 128, Hi. 837, BN. 95,
BA. 92, Ai. 968, Nh. 43, Nw. 24, Ni. 558, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1110.
633 ^^*. The skull of Soprati, a Mahomedan from Bengal. Male
aged 45. Sunni caste.
C. 508, L. 182, B. 134, Bi. 736, H. 141, Hi. 775, BN. 109,
BA. 103, Ai. 945, Nh. 47, Nw. 28, Ni. 596, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1300.
633 3'*. The skull of Chutu, a Hindu from Bengal. Male
aged 25. A weaver in a jute-mill.
C. 482, L. 172, B. 131, Bi. 762, H. 129, Hi. 750, BN. 99,
BA. 92, Ai. 929, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 28,
Oi. 778, Ca. 1235.
633 ^***. The skull of Subnarayan Sing, a Hindu from Bengal.
Male aged 50. A servant.
C. 520, L. 189, B. 134, Bi. 709, H. 138, Hi. 730, BN. 101,
BA. 94, Ai. 931, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1485.
633 39*. rp^g si^ull of Pharos, a Hindu from Bengal. Male
aged 28.
C. 484, L. 176, B. 123, Bi. 699, H. 125, Hi. 710, BN. 97,
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 51, Ow. 38, Oh. 35, Oi. 921.
633 The skull of Soudaming Dasi, a Hindu from Bengal.
Female aged 30.
C. 459, L. 161, B. 127, Bi. 789, H. 119, Hi. 739, BN. 88,
BA. 89, Ai. 1011, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1115.
184
ASIA.
633 ^^*. The skull of Tliakamonee Dasi, a female Bengali aged 21.
Hindu.
C. 465, L. 169, B. 124, Bi. 734, H. 131, Hi. 775, BN. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
01. 861, Ca. 1110.
633^2* rpj^p gkuii of Kali Poda Sircar, a Hindu from Bengal.
Male aged 21. Caste, Kaistha.
C. 491, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 78-3, H. 139, Hi. 794, BN. 96,
BA. 100, Ai. 1042, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886. Ca. 1450.
633 *^*. The cranium of Elahi Buse, a Mahomedan from Bengal.
Ma'e aged 16 ? A coolie.
C. 490, L. 175, B. 136, Bi. 777, H. 132, Hi. 754, BN. 91,
BA. 95, Ai. 1044, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889.
633 ^^*. The skull of Panchoo, a Mahomedan from Bengal. Male
aged 35. A servant.
C. 508, L. 178, B. 141, Bi. 792, H. 132, Hi. 742, BN. 104,
BA. 99, Ai. 952, Nh. 54, Nw. 28, Ni. 519, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1325.
633^'^*. The skull of Ainiran, a Mahomedan from Bengal.
Female aged 3,5.
C. 469, L. 167, B. 127, Bi. 760, H. 127, Hi. 760, BN. 92,
BA. 94, Ai. 1022, Nh. 42, Nw. 25, Ni. 595, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1210.
633''^*. The skull of Binode, a Hindu boy aged 10 from Bengal,
of the Sankhara caste.
633^'*. The skull of Moochiram, a Hindu IVoni Bengal. Male
aged 40, of the K;imar caste. Blacksmith.
C. 505, L. 179, B. 138, Bi. 771, H. 135, Hi. 754, BN. 98,
BA. 96, Ai. 980, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 40, Oh. 29,
Oi. 725, Ca. 1460.
633"***. Tlie skull oi' (lOur Das, a Hindu from Bengal. Male
age 4."), of the Moira cste. Sho|)kee])er.
C. 5oy, L. 179, B. 138, Bi. 771, H. 13.3, Hi. 743, BN. 100,
BA. !I7, Ai. !I7(), Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462. Ow. 35, Oh. .33,
Oi. 043. Ca. ]42i».
INDIA.
185
633 "9*. The skull of Mohes Das, a Hindu from Bengal. Male
aged 45, of the Moira caste. Shopkeeper.
C. 496, L. 170, B. 140, Bi. 824, H. 13.3, Hi. 783, BN. 97,
BA. 91, Ai. 938, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1355.
G33 The skull of Poshupati Mukhergie, a male Brahmin
aged 40, from Kalighat, Bengal. Pure-caste Brahmin.
C. 526, L. 188, B. 140, Bi. 745, H. 142, Hi. 755, BX. 110,
BA. 103, Ai. 936, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1550.
633 '''*. The skull of Abhoy Charan, a male Brahmin aged 37,
from Santipura, Bengal. Pure-caste Brahmin.
C. 517, L. 185, B. 141, Bi. 762, H. 137, Hi. 741, BN. 102,
BA. 95, Ai. 931, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1550.
633 ^^*. The cranium of Sorag Cali Misser,a young male aged 20,
from Hat Khola, Bengal. Pure-caste Brahmin.
633 ^^*. The skull of Chintamani, a male aged 25, from Taligunge,
Bengal. Caste, Kalu. Maker of oil.
C. 505, L. 186, B. 131, Bi. 704, H. 131, Hi. 704, BN. 104,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1067, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1275.
633 5**. The skull of Bhut Nath Kundu, a male aged 30, from
Behala, Bengal. Caste, Teli. Oil-seller.
C. 460, L. 162, B. 127, Bi. 784, H. 135, Hi. 833, BN. 95,
BA. 88, Ai. 926, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1175.
633 The skull of Shoshi Ghosh, a male aged 25, from Barasat,
Bengal. Caste, Sadgope. Cultivating class Sudras.
C. 501, L. 180, B. 130, Bi. 722, H. 140, Hi. 778, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1375.
633"«*. The skull of Beni Madhah, a male aged 30, from
Halisaha, Bengal. Caste, Sadgope. Cultivating
class Sudi'i'.s.
C. 480, L. 171, B. 125, Bi. 731, H. 125, Hi. 731, BN. 99,
BA. 95, Ai. 960, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 34, Oh. 29,
Oi. 8.53, Ca. 11 UO.
186
ASTA.
633 5'*. The skull of Brojo Mohan Dulta, a male aged 60, from
Khidirpur, Bengal. Subarna Barnick caste. Mer-
cantile and banker class of Bengal proper.
The atlas is ankylosed to the skull.
C. 478, L. 166, B. 133, Bi. 801, Nh. 53, Nw. 21, Ni. 396,
Ow. 36, Oh. 34, Oi. 944, Ca. 1190.
633"'''***. The skull of Chintamani, a male Hindu aged 50, from
Bengal. Caste, Uria.
C. 498, L. 179, B. 133, Bi. 743, H. 137, Hi, 765, BN. 103,
BA. 100, Ai. 971, Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Ni. 473, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1400.
633 ^^*. The skull of Gourhari Dass, a male Hindu aged 40, from
Full Bagan, Bengal. Caste, Uria.
C. 486, L. 180, B. 118, Bi. 656, H. 125, Hi. 694, BN. 97,
BA. 96, Ai. 990, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1200.
gggco* 'j'jjg gl^nll of Ram Krista, a male aged 50, from Sham-
bazar, Bengal. Caste, Tanti. Low-caste weaver.
C. 489, L. 169, B. 137, Bi. 811, H. 130, Hi. 769, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 37, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1350.
633*'*. The skull of Nando, a male aged 25, from Barasat,
Bengal. Caste, Gowallah (the pa.storal caste of Bengal).
Milkman.
C. 488, L. 174, B. 129, Bi. 741, H. 140, Hi. 805, BN. 103,
BA. 101, Ai. 981, Nh. 57, Nw. 24, Ni. 421, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1350.
633*-*. The skull of Puna Behary, a male aged 25, from
Charasali, Bengal. Caste, Kaibartia. Fisherman.
C. 492, L. 181, B. 126, Bi. 696, H. 123, Hi. 680, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1175.
633 '■'2*. The skull of Bhagabanta, a male aged 30, from Jaun-
bazar, Bengal. Caste, Kowat.
C. 475, L. 173, B. 125, Bi. 723, H. 129, Hi. 746, BN. 97,
BA. 96, Ai. 990, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 408, Ow. 37, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1105.
INDIA.
(533 64*^ The skull of Sita (Jharau, a male aged 23, from Sham-
pooker, Bengal. Caste, Bagdi.
C. 504, L. 182, B. 132, Bi. 725, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 106,
BA. 100, Ai. 943, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, 0\v. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1335.
G.33 ^■'*. The skull of Gobind Chunder Shaha,a male aged 40, from
Goranhata, Bengal. Caste, Shaha. Wine distiller.
C. 485, L. 169, B. 133, Bi. 787, H. 137, Hi. 811, BN. 98,
BA. 92, Ai. 939, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1315.
633 °^*. The skull of Goni Chamar, a Hindu from Bengal.
Male aged 38. A servant.
C. 482, L. 170, B. 130, Bi. 765, H. 132, Hi. 776, BN. 104,
BA. 103, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1250.
G33 ^^*. The skull of Bechu, a low-caste Hindu from Bengal.
Male affed 28. Cartdriver.
Metopic.
C. 489, L. 176, B. 126, Bi. 716, H. 130, Hi. 739, BN. 94,
BA. 97, Ai. 1032, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1280.
633 ^^*. The skull of Jogul Kii sore, a low-caste Hindu from
Bengal. Male aged 50.
C. 509, L. 186, B. 129, Bi. 694, H. 126, Hi. 677, BN. 97,
BA. 100, Ai. 1031, Nh. 50, Nw. 29, Ni. 580, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1290.
633 ^^*. The skull of Batuk Das, a low-caste Hindu, from Bengal.
Male aged 20.
C. 474, L. 168, B. 129, Bi. 768, H. 135, Hi. 804, BN. 100,
BA. 90, Ai. 900, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi. 806, Ca. 1200.
G33''**. The cranium of Lakhimani, a female Hindu aged 22,
from Lower Bengal.
C. 471, L. 167, B. 132, Bi. 790, H. 124, Hi. 734, BN. 92,
BA. 87, Ai. 946, Nh. 45, Nw. 22; Ni. 489, Ow. 33, Oh. 32,
Oi. 970, Ca. 1100.
188
ASIA.
G33"*. The skull of Gungia, a female Hindu aged 26, from
Lower Bengal.
C. 444, L. 154, B. 127, Bi. 825, H. 118, Hi. 76R, BN. 90,
BA. 85, Ai. 944, Nh. 42, Nw. 21, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 910.
633 The skull of Sairub, a female Hindu aged 30, from
Lower Bengal.
C. 478, L. 170, B. 130, Bi. 765, H. 125, Hi. 735, BN. 92,
BA. 92, Ai. 1000, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1200.
633^-'*. The cranium of Lohari, a male Hindu aged 47, from
Bengal. Caste, Kurmi. A servant.
C. 500, L. 176, B. 138, Bi. 781, H. 133, Hi. 756, BN. 102,
Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 29, Oi. 806, Ca. 1385.
633^'**. The skull of Kam Sebuck Dass, a male aged 1.5, front
Bengal. Pure-caste Brahmin.
'Hie above seventy-four specimens presented by
Lt.-CoL Sir E. H. Charles, I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
634. A cast of the cranium of a Gound, from the banks of the
Jumna, near Kalpi : c? .
The original is in the Anthropological Gallery of the Museum
of Natural History at Paris (Coll. Diard). It is figured in the
' Crania Ethnica ' of Qiiatrefages and Hamy, pi. xxviii.
C. 505, L. 188, B. 127, Bi. 676, H. 134," Hi. 713.
Presented by the ^^Professeurs Administrateiirs du
Miisee d' Hi stair e JSaturelle a Paris,"" per M. de
Quatrefages, 1877.
634'. The cranium of a leader of the Gumsah (?) rebellion.
C. 510, L. 178, B. 139, Bi. 781, H. 143, Hi. 803, BN. 98,
BA. 91, Ai. 929, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oli. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1555.
Aiithroj'ol. Soc. No. 192.
635. Tlie skull of a low-caste male Hindu, who was a Thug.
O.C. 5542.
He was murdered in jail by his fellow prisoners, the skull,
■which is extremely thin, having been extensively shattered by
a blow with a brass drinking-vessel.
INDIA,
189
The squamosals meet the frontals on both sides. There is
very marked dental prognathism.
C. 475, L. 165, B. 130, Bi. 788, H. 132, Hi. 800, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892.
Purchased, 1840.
The three following complete skeletons are from men who
died in the Campbell Hospital, Calcutta, and were presented
by Dr. S. CouU Mackenzie, Surg.-Major, Bengal Army,
June 21st, 1882.
635 ^ Shiek Fullele Mohamed, aged about 36 years. Beggar,
native of the Punjab. Mahomedan. Died 1881.
C. 498, L. 177, B. 133, Bi. 751, H. 134, Hi. 757, BIST. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1362.
635^. Kani- Uriah or Oriah, aged 38 years. Native of Orissa,
by Caste a Gowallah (Hindu). Died 1881.
C. 498, L. 181, B. 132, Bi. 729, H. 141, Hi. 779, BN. 98,
Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 41, Oh. 32, Oi. 780, Ca. 1460.
635 ^. Luchman Uriah, aged 38 years. An agriculturist native
of Orissa, by Caste a Gowallah (Hindu). Died 1881.
C. 513, L. 184, B. 137, Bi. 745, H. 144, Hi. 783, BN. 101,
BA. 95, Ai. 941, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1570.
For an account of the Oriahs, see Dr. Mackenzie's letter dated
20th July, 1882.
636. The skull of a male Hindu of the Coolie caste. 0. C. 5541.
There are two canine teeth on the right side of the upper
jaw.
C. 483, L. 175, B. 130, Bi. 743, H. 135, Hi. 771, BN. 101,
BA. 104, Ai. 1030, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1270.
Presented by Dr. G. M. Paferson, 1823.
636 The skull of a female 55 years of age. Caste, Bheel.
Born at Dohad, Panch Mahals. Died 1879.
C. 483, L. 173, B. 129, Bi. 746, H. 127, Hi. 734, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1160.
190
ASIA.
63(i ^. The skull of a male Hindu aged 21 (more probably 60),
Caste, Coolie. Birth-place Halole, Panch Mahals.
Occupation, cultivator. Died 1876.
C. 512, L. 179, B. 139, Bi. 777, H. 131, Hi. 732, BN. 107,
m. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1365.
636^. The skull of a male, aged 30. Caste, Dhariko, Hindu,
Birthplace, Gudd Rewa, Kantha. Occupation, culti-
vator. Died 1879.
C 500, L. 177, B. 133, Bi. 751, H. 133, Hi. 751, BX. 100,
BA. 92, Ai. 920, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1360.
The above three specimens were presented by
Kaikhosri Sorabji J^ariman, Surgeon^ Bombciy Arm;/.
1880.
636 The skeleton (wanting some of the bones of the hands and
feet and most of the teeth) of an adult male Hindu,
named Dama Rovvji. Caste, Katchee. Birthplace,
Halole, Panch Mahals. Occu[)ation, cultivator. Executed
for murder, 1879.
C. 480, L. 171, B. 124, Bi. 725, H. 127, Hi. 743, BN. 100,
BA. 99, Ai. 990, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1165.
Presented by K. S. Nariman, Esq., 1880,
636 '\ The skeleton of a young male Hindu Brahmin. " Nir-
maldas," aged 14. Born at Lucknow. Beggar. Died
at Dohad, 1881."
Presented by K. S. 2\arv)ian, Esq., 1882.
637. The cranium of a Hindu, from Mianipore, Bengal : <^ .
0. C. 5554.
C. 512, L. 188, B. 132, Bi. 702, H. 13.3, Hi. 718, BN. 10.5,
BA. 97, Ai. 924, Nh. 51, Nw. 22, Ni. 431, Ow. 36, Oh. 35.
01. 972, Ca. 1420.
Astley-Cooper Collection. Purchased, 1843.
638. The cranium of a Hindu : J .
C. 481, L. 170, B. 131, Bi. 771, H. 126, Hi. 741, BN. 99,
BA. 104, .\i. 1051, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 37, Oh.
Oi. 940, Ca. 1075.
//) XluFC'ini before 1862. So fmihcr history.
INDIA.
191
639. The cranium of a Hindu : d .
C. 468, L. 165, B. 132, Bi. 800, H. 127, Hi. 770, BN. 96,
BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 33, Oh. 32,
Oi. 970, Ca. 1180.
In Museum before 1862,
640. The cranium of a Hindu : c? •
C. 500, L. 177, B. 130, Bi. 734, H. 134, Hi. 757, BN. 101,
BA. 100, Ai. 990, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1410.
In Museum before 1862.
640 ^ The skull of a male Hindu, named Ali, a seaman, who
died in the Hospital at Greenwich.
C. 480, L. 165, B. 136, Bi. 824, H. 136, Hi. 824, BN. 97,
BA. 88, Ai. 907, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1395.
Presented hij George Busk, Esq., 1881.
641. The skull of a female Hindu. 0. C. 5545.
C. 462, L. 167, B. 124, Bi. 743, H. 130, Hi. 778, BN. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1110.
This and the seven following specimens were purchased
from Mr. George Evans, 1840.
642. The skull of a young female Hindu. 0. C. 5544.
The basilar suture is not closed. All the permanent teeth
are in place, except the third molars.
C. 476, L. 163, B. 140, Bi. 859, H. 134, Hi. 822, BN. 96,
BA. 92, Ai. 958, Nh. 45, Nw. 20, Ni. 444, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892.
Purchased, 1840.
643. The cranium of a young Hindu native of Bengal. 0. C,
5553.
The second permanent molars are just rising into place.
C. 467, L. 166, B. 130, Bi. 783, H. 129, Hi. 777, BX. 87,
BA. 83, Ai. 954, Nh. 38, Nw, 20, Ni. 526, Ow. 33, Oh. 39,
Oi, 879.
Purchased, 1840,
192
ASIA.
644. The skull of a Hiiulu youth, aged thirteen years. 0. C.
5546.
The milk-teeth are all shed except the last molars of the lower
jaw. The second permanent molars are not yet in place.
C. 485, L. 17], B. 140, Bi. 819, H. 124, Hi. 725, BN. 89,
BA. 82, Ai. 921, Nh. 41, Nw. 23, Ni. 561, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833.
Purchased, 1840.
645. The skull of a Hindu child, aged six and a half years.
0. C. 5547.
The first permanent molars, all the lower and the central
upper incisors are in place.
C. 465, L. 167, B, 126, Bi. 754, H. 126, Hi. 754, BN. 86,
BA. 79, Ai. 919, Nh. 37, Nw. 19, Ni. 514, Ow. 32, Oh. 31,
01. 969.
Purchased, 1840.
646. The skull of a Hindu cliild, aged two and a half years.
0. C. 5548.
All the milk-teeth are in place. The germs of the permanent
teeth have been exposed.
C. 436, L. 154, B. 126, Bi. 818, H. 107, Hi, 695, BN. 74,
BA. 72, Ai. 973, Nh. 33, Nw. 18, Ni. 545, Ow. 30, Oh. 29,
01. 967.
Purchased, 1840.
647. The skull of a Hindu child, aged two and a half years.
0. C. 5549.
All the milk-teeth are in place.
C. 435, L. 157, B. 122, Bi. 777, Nh. 30, Nw. 18, Ni. 600,
Ow. 30, Oh. 28, Oi. 933.
Purchased, 1840.
648. The skull of a Hindu child, two years old. 0. C. 5550.
The milk-teeth are in place. The anterior foiitanelle is not
closed. The right temporal, malar, maxillary, and nasal bones
arc lost.
C. 425, L. 151, B. 122, Bi. 808.
Purchased, 1840.
648'. The cranium of a young Hindu.
The milk-denlitiun only in jilace. Nasals absent.
INDIA,
649. The cranium of a Hindu child. 0. 0. 5558.
The milk-dentition is in place. There are numerous Wormian
bones in the lambdoidal suture, others in the squamoso-parietal
sutures, in the right side of the coronal, and in the right pterion.
The premaxillary sutures are very distinct in the palate.
C. 440, L. 160, E. 122, Bi. 763.
Purchased.
650. The cranium of a Hindu child. 0. C. 5551.
This is stated to have been from an idiot. All the milk-teeth
are in place ; and the first permanent molars have just risen to
the surface of the alveolus.
C. 425, L. 146, B. 128, Bi. 877, H. 115, Hi. 788, BN. 72,
BA. 73, Ai. 1031, Nh. 35, Nw. 17, Ni. 486, Ow. 31, Oh. 29,
0]. 935.
Presented by Dr. G. M. Paterson, 1823.
651. The cranium of a female Hindu, native of Rajpootana.
0. C. 5552.
There is a complete "interparietal" bone detached from the
supraoccipital.
C. 462, L. 165, B. 130, Bi. 788, H. 125, Hi. 758, BN. 89,
BA. 89, Ai. 1000, Nh. 39, Nw. 21, Ni. 538, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
01. 857, Ca. 1100.
Presented Inj Dr. G. M. Paterson, 1823.
652. The cranium of a young Hindu from Bengal : 6 •
The basUar suture is open. The last permanent molars are
just rising into place.
C. 476, L. 170, B. 135, Bi. 794, H. 127, Hi. 747, BN. 90,
BA. 88, Ai. 978, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 34, Oh. 31,
Oi. 912.
Pinxhased, 1803.
652 ^ Tlie skull of a Naga from the Patkoi Mountains, where
Lieut. Halcombe was murdered.
Rings made of soft thick wire were placed through the
7,3'gomata, nasal cavity, and orbits (coils about 3 inches in
diameter and twelve in number): these, which seem to be used
as decorations and to have been placed on the skull after it
was cleaned, are preserved in a drawer.
C. 472, L. 166, B. 129, Bi. 777, H. 132, Hi. 795, BN. 93,
BA. 92, Ai. 989, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 5:^3, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1290.
Presented hy F. d'O. Partridge, Esq., 1880.
0
194
ASIA.
652 The skeleton of a female Bhutea or native of Bhutan who
passed at Calcutta by the name of Mary Jeanie and died
in the Campbell Hospital, 1880.
C. 485, L. 169, B. 137, Bi. 811, H. 125, Hi. 740, BN. 94,
BA. 92, Ai. 979, Nh. 41, Nw. 25, Ni. 610, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1270.
Presented hy Dr. C. Mackenzie, 1881.
652^. The mutilated cranium of a " Duffl:!," a tribe inhabiting
the lower range of the Himalayas, north of Assam.
C. 478, L. 173, B. 125, Bi. 723, H. 121, Hi. 699, BN. 99,
BA. 99, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1185.
Presented hy F. d'O. Partridge, Esq., 1883.
653. The skull of a native of Eastern India : <S - 0. C. 5543.
C. 517, L. 180, B. 146, Bi. 811, H. 143, Hi. 794, BX. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Ki. 473, 0\v. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1690.
Presented hy Dr. B. C. Henderson, 1822.
653 ^ to 653 Thirty-four crania from Borhampore,
Grangam District, North-east part of Madras Presidency.
"Among them ought to be some Gound, Oryab, and Savarah
skulls.^'
Presented hy Dr. John Shortt, Surgeon-Major, 1879.
653 \ C. 518, L. 189, B. 132, Bi. 698, H. 141, Hi. 746, BN. 108,
BA. 101, Ai 935, Nh. 53, Nw. 30, Ni. 566, 0\r. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1530.
653=. C. 508, L. 183, B. 134, Bi. 732, H. 134, Hi. 732, BN. 98,
BA. 93, Ai. 949, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, 0\v. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1455.
G53\ C. 487, L. 174, B. 133, Bi. 764, H. 142, Hi. 816, BN. 101,
BA. 98, Ai. 970, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1360.
653'. C. 500, L. 178, B. 131, Bi. 736, H. 130, Hi. 730, BN. 99,
BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 38, Oh. 29,
Oi. 763, Ca. 1310.
653 \ C. 512, L. 181, B. 137, Bi. 757, H. 143, Hi. 790, BN. 104,
BA. 98, Ai. 9J2, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi 800, Ca. 1495.
INDIA.
195
653 «. C. 518, L. 184, B. 141, Bi. 706, H. 137, Hi. 745, BX. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Wi. 472, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1390.
653 ^ C. 500, L. 176, B. 140, Bi. 795, H. 141, Hi. 801, BN. 106,
BA. 104, Ai. 981, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1400.
653'. C. 485, L. 174, B. 131, Bi. 753, H. 128, Hi. 736, BX. 95,
BA. 91, Ai. 958, Nh. 4S, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 854, Ca. 1245.
653 ^ C. 518, L. 187, B. 131, Bi. 701, II. 131, Hi. 701, BN. 101,
BA. 94, Ai. 931, Nh. 48, N\v. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789, Ca. 1485.
653 C. 505, L. 178, B. 144, Bi. 809, H. 133, Hi. 747, BN. 106,
BA. 99, Ai. 934, Nh. 53, Nw. 20, Ni. 491, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1395.
653 C. 495, L. 176, B. 135, Bi. 767, H. 129, Hi. 733, BN. 102,
BA. 101, Ai. 990, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1310.
653 '2. C. 485, L. 173, B. 131, Bi. 757, H. 128, Hi. 740, BN. 94,
BA. 91, Ai. 968, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1195.
653 C. 485, L. 169, B. 132, Bi. 781, H. 127, Hi. 751, BN. 96,
BA. 94, Ai. 979, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1315.
653". C. 490, L. 173, B. 135, Bi. 780, H. 136, Hi. 786, BN. 93,
BA. 92, Ai. 989, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1425.
653 C. 510, L. 181, B. 141, Bi. 779, H. 136, Hi. 751, BN. 97,
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1375.
653 ^ C. 497, L. 181, B. 131, Bi. 724, H. 135, Hi. 746, BN. 101,
BA. 99, Ai. 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1405.
653 '\ C. 502, L. 187, B. 125, Bi. 668, H. 125, Hi. 668, BN. 98,
BA. 100, Ai. 1020, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1200.
653 C. 485, L. 173, B. 135, Bi. 780, H. 133, Hi. 769, BN 96,
BA. 97, Ai. 1010, Nh. 41, Nw. 24, Ni. 585, Gw. 33, Oh. 28,
Oi. 848, Ca. 1180.
o2
196
ASIA.
653 '^ C. 490, L. 178, B. 136, Bi. 764, H. 135, Hi. 758, BN. 104,
. BA. 100, Ai. 962, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
; Oi. 842, Ca. 1340.
653 =». C. 490, L. 175, B. 135, Bi. 771, H. 143, Hi. 817, BN. lOG,
BA. 100, Ai. 943, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1350.
653 ^ C. 485, L. 176, B. 126, Bi. 716, H. 131, Hi. 744, BN. 100,
BA. 101, Ai. 1010, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1085.
653". C. 490, L. 174, B. 128, Bi. 736, H. 135, Hi. 776, BN. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1310.
653=3. c. 495, L. 182, B. 129, Bi. 709, H. 136, Hi. 747, BN. 98,
BA. 91, Ai. 929, Ow. 39, Oh. .31, Oi. 795, Ca. 1320.
653 ^ C. 505, L. 173, B. 142, Bi. 821, H. 129, Hi. 746, BN. 97,
BA. 88, Ai. 907, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1405.
653'°. C. 483, L. 177, B. 128, Bi. 723, H. 132, Hi. 746, BN. 103,
BA. 100, Ai. 971, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1270.
653 C. 490, L. 176, B. 130, Bi. 739, H. 130, Hi. 739, BN. 94,
BA. 89, Ai. 947, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1395.
653". C. 485, L. 173, B. 127, Bi. 734, H. 121, Hi. 699, BN. 92,
BA. 91, Ai. 989, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1155.
653=1 C. 480, L. 173, B. 128, Bi. 740, H. 133, Hi. 769, BN. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 49, Nw. 30, Ni. 612, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1260.
653 =^ C. 480, L. 173, B. 128, Bi. 740, H. 130, Hi. 751, BN. 94,
BA. 86, Ai. 915, Nh. 48, Nw. 20, Ni. 417, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1230.
653 =\ C. 465, L. 169, B. 124, Bi. 734, H. 120, Hi. 710, BN. 94,
BA. 94, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 35, Oh. 32^
Oi. 914, Ca. 1065.
653^'. C. 500, L. 180, B. 129, Bi. 717, H. 126, Hi. 700, BN. 97,
BA. 85, Ai. 876, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,'
Oi. 947, Ca. 1200.
INDIA.
197
653". C. 460, L. 163, B. 125, Bi. 767, H. 130, Hi. 798, BN. 93,
BA. 91, Ai. 978, Nh. 44, Nw. 21, Ni. 477, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 1165.
653^1 Young.
653 Young.
653 The cranium o£ a Khond from the hill-tracts of the Gan-
gam District, North-east part of the Madras Presidency.
The tribes are addicted to the practice of offering
human sacrifices, which they still carry out when they
can do so without the knowledge of the British
Authorities.
C. 578, L. 188, B. 136, Bi. 723, H. 136, Hi. 723, BN. 91,
BA. 85, Ai. 934, Nh. 50, Nw, 27, Ni. 540, Ca. 1435,
Presented hy Dt\ John Shortt, 1880.
G53 The cranium of a Pane, or Panoo, a subtribe between the
Khonds and what are known as the SaA'aras from the
same District. (See letter of donor, Nov. 10th 1880).
C. 480, L. 168, B. 131, Bi. 780, H. 126, Hi. 750, BN. 95,
BA. 95, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1200.
Presented hy Dr. John Shortt, 1880.
653 " to 653 Six skulls from burial-grounds near Madras.
" The people who deposit here are Tingayats, a peculiar sect
embracing various castes who wear a portable phallus or jangania
in a silver case on the chest or upper arm. The skulls sent are
believed to belong to Goldsmiths and Potters." (See letter of
donor, July 23, 1881.)
653^'. C. 510, L. 180, B. 135, Bi. 750, H. 133, Hi. 739, BN. 98,
BA. 100, Ai. 1020, Nh. 46, Nw. 29, Ni. 630, Ow. 40, Oh. 30,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1350.
653=**. C. 485, L. 175, B. 133, Bi. 760, H. 135, Hi. 771, BN. 95,
BA. 99, Ai. 1042, Nh. 42, Nw. 26, Ni. 619, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1290.
653". C. 488, L. 176, B. 132, Bi. 750, H. 131, Hi. 744, BN. 96,
BA. 90, Ai. 938, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1315.
653^", C. 485, L. 176, B. 128, Bi. 727, H. 137, Hi. 778, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 12?5.
198
ASIA.
653 « C. 500, L. ISO, P. 136, Bi. 750, H. 128, Hi. 7J1, BX. 95,
BA. 92, Ai. 968, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1335.
653 C. 490, L. 177, B. 133, Bi. 751, H. 130, Hi. 734, BN. 101,
BA. 92, Ai. 911, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1200.
653 A skull sent with the above but which does not apjiear
to have been buried.
C. 465, L. 171, B. 120, Bi. 702, H. 126, Hi. 737, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1045.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major G. Bidie, 31. B.,
Superintendent Government Central Museum, 1882.
653'*^. A skull from Southern India, a Pariah (or low-casie
native) of Madras.
C. 450, L. 163, B. 117, Bi. 718, H. 123, Hi. 75.5, BN. 91,
BA. 90, Ai. 989, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 980.
Presented hj Surgeon-Major G. Bidie, M.B., 1882.
653 The skull of a male aged 50, from Mar war, Central
India. Caste Banya.
C. 482, L. 174, B. 130, Bi. 747, H. 128, Hi. 736, BN. 93,
Nh. 42, Nw. 25, Ni. 595, Ow. 35, Oh. 30, Oi. 857, Ca. 1225.
The twenty following specimens are from tlie Madura district
of the Madras Presidency, and chiefly belong to the Maravar
tribe §.
654. A skull from Madura : S •
C. 482, L. 176, B. 129, Bi. 733, H. 131, Hi. 744, BX. 102,
BA. 95, Ai. 931, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1250.
Presented Ig Dr. John Shortf, Surgeon-^fajor
JI.M. Madras Armg, 1878.
§ For a description of 20 skulls of Maravars, presented by Dr. Shortt to
the Museum of the Anthropological Society of Paris, see E. Callamand,
"Le Cranes des noirs de I'lnde," Kevue d'Anthropologie, Oct. 1878.
INDIA.
199
655. A skull from Madura : cJ •
Metopic.
C. 490, L. 171, B. 134, Bi. 784, H. 126, Hi. 737, BX. 94,
BA. 96, Ai. 1021, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1200.
Presented hj Dr. J. Sliortt, 1878.
656. A skull from Madura : 6 .
C. 474, L. 173, B. 130, Bi. 751, H. 135, Hi. 780, BK 103,
BA. 101, Ai. 981, Kh. 47, Nw. 21, Ni. 447, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1230.
Presented hy Dr. J. Sliortt, 1878.
657. A skull from Madura: S ?
C. 492, L. 177, B. 135, Bi. 763, H. 133, Hi. 751, BN. 97,
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 43, Nw. 24, Ni. 558, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1225.
Presented ly Dr. J. Sliortt, 1878.
658. A skull from Madura : J
C. 492, L. 181, B. 127, Bi. 702, H. 129, Hi. 713, BN. 97,
BA. 95, Ai, 979, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1275.
Presented hy Dr. J. Sliortt, 1878.
659. A skull from Madura : c^.
It has numerous Wormian bones in the lambdoidal suture,
one in the right coronal suture, and a largo epipteric ossicle
on the same side.
C. 498, L. 179, B. 136, Bi. 760, H. 138, Hi. 771, BN. 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1390.
Presented hy Dr. J. Sliortt, 1878.
660. A skull from Madura : d .
C. 487, L. 178, B. 125, Bi. 702, H. 130, Hi. 730, BN. 97,
BA. 101, Ai. 1041, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1200.
Presented hy Dr. J. Sliortt, 1878.
661. A skull from Madura : <3 .
C. 488, L. 173, B. 132, Bi. 763, H. 135, Hi. 780, BN. 93,
BA. 93, Ai. 1000, Nh. 4-5, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1350.
Presented hy Dr. J. Sliortt, 1878.
200
ASIA.
662. A skull from Madura : S •
C. 502, L. 180, B. 139, Bi. 772, H. 138, Hi. 7«7, BX. 108,
BA. 103, Ai. 954, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1375.
Presented by Dr. J. Shortt, 1878.
663. A skull from Madura.
C. 490, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 783, H. 134, Hi. 766, BN. 102,
BA. 94, Ai. 922, Kb. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1360.
Presented hy Dr. J. Shortt, 1878.
664. A skull from Madura.
C. 489, L. 172, B. 137, Bi. 797, H. 134, Hi. 779, BN. 93,
BA. 93, Ai. 1000, Nb. 44, Nw. 22, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1380.
Presented hj Dr. J. Shortt, 1878.
665. A skull from Madura : $ .
All the teeth have been lost during life. The sagittal suture
is partially obliterated.
C. 490, L. 174, B. 134, Bi. 770, H. 130, Hi. 747, BN. 97,
Nh. 45, Nw. 22, N:. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 35, Oi. 972, Ca. 1220.
Presented hy Dr. J. Shortt, 1878.
666. A skull from Madura : $ .
All the teeth bad been lost during life. The bones of the
face are atrophied. The sagittal and the upper part of the
corona] suture are obliterated, the lambdoidal quite open.
C. 466, L. 168, B. 118, Bi. 702, H. 129, Hi. 768, BN. 98,
Ow. 36, Oh. 31, Oi. 861, Ca. 1110.
Presented hy Dr. J. Shoiit, 1878.
667. A cranium from Madura: d".'
C. 490, L. 177, B. 130, Bi. 734, H. 138, Hi. 780, BN. 97,
Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 36, Oh. 30, Oi. 833, Ca. 1290.
Presented by Dr. J. Shortt, 1878.
668. A cranium from Madura : c??
C. 482, L. 173, B. 124, Bi. 717, H. 131, Hi. 757, BN. 98,
BA. 99, Ai. 1010, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1200.
Presented by Dr. J. Shortt, 1878.
INDIA.
201
669. A cranium from Madura : d" •
C. 498, L. 179, B. 135, Bi. 755, H. 135, Hi. 754, BJ^. 100,
BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1320.
Presented by Dr. J. Sliorlt, 1878.
670. A cranium from Madura: ^ .
C. 507, L. 184, B. 121, Bi. 674, H. 143, Hi. 777, BN. 99,
Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1530.
Presented hy Dr. J. SJiortt, 1878-
671. A cranium from Madura.
C. 490, L. 173, B. 139, Bi. 803, H. 127, Hi. 734, BN. 97,
BA. 95, Ai. 979, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1200.
Presented hy Dr. J. SJiortt, 1878,
672. A cranium from Madura : c? .
C. 470, L. 165, B. 129, Bi. 782, H. 122, Hi. 739, BN. 93,
BA. 88, Ai. 946, Nh. 43, Nw. 21, Ni. 488, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1150.
Presented by Dr. J. Shorlt, 1878.
673. A cranium from Madura : $ .
The squamosals join the frontals on both sides. There is
great alveolar and dental prognathism.
C. 456, L. 162, B. 126, Bi. 778, H. 128, Hi. 790, BN. 93,
BA. 96, Ai. 1032, Nh. 43, Nw. 21, Ni. 488, Ow. 34, Oh. 30,
Oi. 882, Ca. 11 00.
Presented by Dr. J. Shortt, 1878.
The following six skulls and one cranium are of Coolies from
the Salem district, Madras Presidency.
673 \ A skull : c? .
C. 485, L. 171, B. 129, Bi. 754, H. 131, Hi. 766, BN. 98,
BA. 100, Ai. 1020, Nh. 45, Nw. 26, Ni. 578, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1370.
673 2. A skull : c? .
C. 490, L. 174, B. 133, Bi. 764, H. 131, Hi. 753, BN. 97,
BA. 91, Ai. 938, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1270.
202
ASIA.
673 3. A skull: S.
C. 503, L. 182, B. 130, Bi. 714, H. 137, Hi. 753, BX. 103,
BA. 97, Ai. 942, Nli. 43, Nw. 25, Ni. 581, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1325,
673 A skull.
C. 488, L. 172, B. 130, Bi. 756, H. 129, Hi. 750, BN. 97,
BA. 92, Ai. 948, Kh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1275.
673 A skull.
C. 468, L. 169, B. 124, Bi. 734, H. 130, Hi. 769, BN. 94,
BA. 90, Ai. 957, Kh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1090.
673 \ A skull.
C. 482, L. 176, B. 122, Bi. 693, H. 130, Hi. 739, BN. 96,
BA. 97, Ai. 1010, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1295.
673 ^ A cranium.
C. 465, L. 161, B. 127, Bi. 789, H. 130, Hi. 807, BN. 93,
BA. 86, Ai. 925, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 35, Oh. 29,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1240.
The above seven specimens presented by
John Shortt, Esq., M.I)., 1882.
The following twenty-four skulls and crania are from the
Tanjore District : —
673 ^. A cranium : S • This and the next were marked
" Maravar labourer.^'
C. 503, L. 170, B. 139, Bi. 790, H. 143, Hi. 813, BN. 107,
BA. 96, Ai. 897, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1500.
673 ». A skull : S.
C. 508, L. 183, B. 137, Bi. 749, H. 134, Hi. 732, BN. 107,
BA. 98, Ai. 916, Nh. 48, Nw. 29, Ni. 604, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1415.
673 A skull: <S.
C. 505, L. 185, B. 130, Bi. 703, H. 135, Hi. 730, BN. 108,
BA. 102, Ai. 944, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 4G3, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1320.
IKDIA.
203
673". A skull:
C. 497, L. 178, B. 124, Bi. 697, H. 133, Hi. 747, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1295.
67312. A skull: S-
C. 485, I. 168, B. 139, Bi. 827, H. 128, Hi. 762, BN. 92,
BA. 85, Ai. 924, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1315.
673 1^ A skull :
C. 500, L. 182, B. 131, Bi. 720, H. 130, Hi. 714, BX. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 35. Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1310.
673 ^\ A skull : c? >
C. 480, L. 171, B. 127, Bi. 743, H. 128, Hi. 749, BN. 96,
BA. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 42,.Nw. 25, Ni. 595, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1240.
673 ^\ A skull : c? .
C. 473, L. 171, B. 124, Bi. 725, H. 135, Hi. 789, BN. 9&,
BA. 88, Ai. 917, Nh. 42, Nw. 21, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1180.
673 ^\ A skull : $ .
C. 478, L. 177, B. 126, Bi. 712, H. 122, Hi. 689, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 41, Nw. 22, Ni. 537, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1160.
673 A skull : $ .
C. 478, L. 173, B. 125, Bi. 723, H. 128, Hi. 740, BN. 96,
BA. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 48, N-w. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 34, Oh. 31,
Oi. 912, Ca. 1120.
673 ^\ A skull : 2 .
C. 513, L. 185, B. 135, Bi. 730, H. 129, Hi. 697, BN. 100,
BA. 92, Ai. 920, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 37, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, Ca. 1350.
673 1^ A skull: ? .
C. 480, L. 169, B. 136, Bi. 805, H. 130, Hi. 769, BN. 98,
BA. 89, Ai. 908, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 5C0, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1360.
204
ASIA.
673 20. A skull : ?.
C. 470, L. 164, B. 127, Bi. 774, H. 134, Hi. 817, BN. 101,
BA. 95, Ai. 941, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 34, Oh. 31,
Oi. 912, Ca. 1160.
673 2^ A cranium :
C. 520, L. 185, B. 137, Bi. 741, H. 133, Hi. 719, BX. 90,
BA. 89, Ai. 989, Nh. 43, Nw. 25, Ni. 581, Ow. 36, Oh. 26,
Oi. 722, Ca. 1390.
673 A cranium : 9 •
C. 480, L. 172, B. 126, Bi. 733, H. 133, Hi. 773, BN. 93,
Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi. 895, Ca. 1255.
673 A cranium : $ .
C. 465, L. 160, B. 133, Bi. 831, H. 135, Hi. 844, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 30, Ca. 1295.
673 24. A cranium : $ .
C. 487, L. 174, B. 135, Bi. 776, H. 132, Hi. 759, BN. 94,
BA. 94, Ai. 1000, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1290.
673 2^. A cranium : ? .
C. 470, L. 169, B. 120, Bi. 710, H. 128, Hi. 757, BN. 98,
BA. 97, Ai. 990, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 31, Ca. 1020.
673 26 27 28 29 30 3i_ gj^^Ug children.
The above twenty-four specimens presented }>y Dr. John Shortt,
Surgeon-Major, II. M. Madras Army, 1880.
673 ^2 to 673 Twelve crania (the last two young) of the
Vocklijar Tribe (cultivators) of Mysore. Their languao-p is a
patois of Canarese. (See the letter, Nov. 10th, 1880, of the
donor.)
673'=. C. 490, L. 174, B. 131, Bi. 753, H. 133, Hi. 764, BX. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1200.
673'^ C. 488, L. 172, B. 136, Bi. 791, H. 131, Hi. 7G2, BX. 94,
BA. 93, Ai. 989, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1385.
673 C. 470, L. 168, B. 124, Bi. 738, H. 131, Hi. 780, BX. 99,
BA. 99, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1090.
INDIA.
205
673 C. 470, L. 170, B. 124, Bi. 729, H. 126, Hi. 741, BX. 97
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 34, Oh. 30,
Oi. 882, Ca. 1065.
673 ^\ C. 482, L. 167, B. 132, Bi. 790, H. 128, Hi. 766, BN. 100,
BA. 98, Ai. 980, Nh. 41, Nw. 25, Ni. 610, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi. 806, Ca. 1280.
673^''. C. 522, L. 189, B. 132, Bi. 698, H. 138, Hi. 730, BN. 107,
BA. 103, Ai. 963, Nh. 50, Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 41, Oh. 32,
Oi. 780, Ca. 1500.
753 '\ C. 482, L. 169, B. 138, Bi. 817, H. 130, Hi. 769, BN. 92,
BA. 91, Ai. 989, Nh. 42, Nw. 26, Ni. 619, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1240.
673^'. C. 480, L. 171, B. 131, Bi. 766, H. 128, Hi. 749, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 33, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1265.
673^°. C. 495, L. 173, B. 132, Bi. 763, H. 132, Hi. 763, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1390.
673^', C. 480, L. 173, B. 128, Bi. 740, H. 126, Hi. 728, BN. 93,
BA. 89, Ai. 957, Nh. 41, Nw. 23, Ni. 561, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1180.
673 C. 485, L. 165, B. 140, Bi. 848, H. 137, Hi. 830, BN. 103,
BA. 97, Ai. 942, Nh. 47, Nw. 21, Ni. 447, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1350.
673 ^^ Toung.
The above twelve specimens presented hy Dr. J, Shortt, 1881.
673''*. The skull of a Kandda or Canarese (Lingadaries) :
c? set : c. 20.
C. 480, L. 170, B. 130, Bi. 765, H. 127, Hi. 747, BN. 85,
BA. 82, Ai. 965, Nh. 43, Nw. 21, Ni. 488, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1310.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 120.
673 The cranium of a Canarese. Bellary District.
Metopic.
C. 490, L. 180, B. 124, Bi. 689, H. 127, Hi. 706, BN. 97,
BA. 89, Ai. 918, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1170.
AnthrojwL Soc, No. 176,
206
ASIA.
673*®. Tlie cranium of a Canarese (Lingadaries) : ,
C. 513, L. 187, B. 130, Bi. 695, H. 128, Hi. 684, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, mi. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1350.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 122.
673 The cranium of a Canarese (Lingadaries) : 6 . Bellary
District.
C. 480, L. 172, B. 131, Bi. 762, H. 128, Hi. 744, BN. 94,
BA. 94, Ai. 1000, Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1260.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 117.
673''^. The cranium of a Canarese (Lingadaries): 5 .
Metopic.
C. 460, L. 161, B. 123, Bi. 764, H. 119, Hi. 739, BX. 89,
BA. 89, Ai. 1000, Nh. 41, Nw. 24, Ni. 585, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1135.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 121.
G73^*. A skull from Madras. Low-caste Sudra. Male.
C. 487, L. 174, B. 132, Bi. 759, H. 132, Hi. 759, BN. 94,
BA. 96, Ai. 1021, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1240.
6732*. A skull from Madras. Low-caste Sudra. Male.
C. 491, L. 174, B. 132, Bi. 759, H. 138, Hi. 793, BN. ]00,
BA. 98, Ai. 980, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1320.
C73^*. A skull from Madras. Low-caste Sudra. Male.
C. 541, L. 197, B 137, Bi. 695, H. 136, Hi. 690, BN. 110,
BA. 106, Ai. 964, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1550.
G73**- A skull from Madras. Low-caste Sudra. Male.
C. 475, L. 172, B. 121, Bi. 703, H. 130, Hi. 756, BN. 103,
BA. 104, Ai. 1010, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 39, Oh. 27,
Oi. 692, Ca. 1125.
073^^*. A skull from Madras. Low-caste Sudra. Male.
C. 512, L. 182, B. 139, Bi. 764, H. 131, Hi. 720, BN. 102,
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1450.
INDIA.
207
673 The skull of a female Pariah from Madras. Low-caste
Sudra.
C. 480, L. 174, B. 129, Bi. 741, H. 125, Hi. 718, BX. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 47, N'w. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1100.
673 '*. The skull of Mashurani, a male aged 50, from Goa.
A Christian.
C. 506, L. 183, B. 131, Bi. 716, H. 140, Hi. 765, B^ST. 102,
BA. 9S, Ai. 961, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895.
The above seven specimens presented by
Lt.-Col. SirR. H. Charles, LM.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
674. A skull marked "Hindoo," but with no further history : 6.
It is remarkable for the prominence of the glabella, and other
resemblances to some Australian skulls.
C. 535, L. 196, B. 132, Bi. 673, H. 135, Hi. 689, BN. 98,
BA. 96, Ai. 980, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1460.
In Museum before 1862.
674 ^ The skeleton of a native of the Maldive Islands, about
35 years of age, a sailor by occupation, and a Mahomedan.
He had the physiognomy and figure of a native of the
Malabar Coast. Died in the Campbell Hospital,
Calcutta, 1880.
Clavicle, r. 128, 1. 129; humerus, r. 291, Z. 286 ; radius,
r. 233, I. 230 ; femur, r. 393, I. 394 ; tibia, r. 318, I. 315.
Cranium: C. 500, L. 180, B. 135, Bi. 750, H. 122, Hi. 678,
BN. 96, B.\. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 36,
Oh. 32, Oi. 889, Ca. 1385.
Presented by Dr. S. C. Mackenzie, Surgeon-Major
Bengal Army, and Sir Joseph Fayrer, M.D.,
K.C.S.L, 1880.
The following four skulls are of Tamils from the Malabar
Coast, who died in the Government Civil Hospital at Galle^
Ceylon.
674 2. Male, name " Wytie," aged 30 ?
C. 485, L. 181, B. 129, Bi. 713, H. 135, Hi. 746, BN. 97,
BA. 93, Ai, 959, Nh. 43, Nw. 23, Ni. 5.35, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1365.
208
ASIA.
674 K Male, name " Comerandj," aged 28 ?
C. 488, L. 170, B. 137, Bi. 806, H. 132, Hi. 776, BN. 99,
BA. 95, Ai. 960, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Wi. 500, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 1280.
674*. Male, name " Kamalinjam," aged 19?
C. 478, L. 167, B. 131, Bi. 784, H. 126, Hi. 754, BN. 100,
BA. 91, Ai. 910, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1280.
674 ^. Male, name " Scanmogum," aged 40 ?
C. 510, L. 187, B. 132, Bi. 706, H. 137, Hi. 733, BN. 104,
Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. -138, Ow. 40, Oh. 32, Oi. 800, Ca. 1410.
Presented by W. C. Ondaatje, JEsg.,
Colonial Surgeon^ Ceylon, 1882.
674 ^. The cranium of Hindu Vaishnaiva, Camgavaram ? : c? •
C. 499, L. 180, B. 127, Bi. 706, H. 131, Hi. 728, BN. 101,
BA. 100, Ai. 990, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1350.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 170.
674 \ The skull of a Hindu : $ ?
C. 480, L. 171, B. 130, Bi. 760, H. 127, Hi. 743, BN. 96,
BA. 86, Ai. 896, Nh. 42, Nw. 25, Ni. 595, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1260.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 172.
674 ^. The skull of a Hindu, (J , Vaishnaiva Brahmin from Can-
gevarah ?.
C. 500, L. 174, B. 140, Bi. 805, H. 135, Hi. 776, BN. 101,
BA. 97, Ai. 960, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1470.
Anthropol Soc, No. IIX).
974"". The skull of a Hindu male, low-caste Lascar, aged 22.
C. 501, L. 178, B. 130, Bi. 730, H. 136, Hi. 764, BN. 100,
BA. 96, Ai. 960, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1400.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 193.
674 The skull of a Sowrah male, Nammagrum Kotch, Ganjam
District.
C. 479, L. 170, B. 124, Bi. 729, H. 127, Hi. 747, BN. 91,
INDIA.
209
BA. 88, Ai. 967, Nh. 42, Nw. 24, Ni. 571, Ow. 36, Oh. 28,
Oi. 778, Ca. 1180.
Anthropol. Soc, No, 229.
674 The cranium of a Maliralla Brahmin : J* .
C. 514, L. 185, B. 134, Bi. 724, H. 137, Hi. 741, BN. 103,
BA. 93, Ai. 903, Nli. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1495.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 74.
674 The cranium of a Mahralla Sbievarrey ? : 9 ?
C. 460, L. 163, B. 125, Bi. 767, H. 125, Hi. 767, BN. 95,
BA. 97, Ai. 1021, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1250.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 19^.
674 The skull of a Kachin : ^ .
C. 507, L. 178, B. 138, Bi. 775, Nh. 47, Nw. 28, Ni. 596,
Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1425.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 73.
674 The oranium of a Hindu Pariah : S .
C. 505, L. 178, B. 138, Bi. 775, H. 128, Hi. 719, BN. 90,
BA. 92, Ai. 1022, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1420.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 123.
674 1"'. A cranium found at Peapally, Pnthcondah, Kurnoul
District.
C. 480, L. 161, B. 144, Bi. 894, H. 128, Hi. 795, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 34, Oh. 30,
Oi. 882, Ca. 1305.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 201.
674 The cranium of a Mahomedan from Lucknovv : ^ .
C. 493, L. 175, B. 135, Bi. 771, H. 128, Hi. 731, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1355.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 130.
674 The cranium of an Irula : $ .
C. 500, L. 177, B. 133, Bi. 751, H. 126, Hi. 712, BN. 95,
BA. 96, Ai. 1011, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1315.
Anthrnpol. Soc, No. 141.
P
210
ASIA.
674 The cranium of a Hindu, Fully caste : S •
C. 503, L. 184, B. 135, Bi. 734, H. 138, Hi. 750, BN. 101,
BA. 93, Ai. 921, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
01. 861, Ca. 1365.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 171.
674^^. The cranium of a male Maraver from Shevagunga (?).
C. 523, L. 190, B. 134, Bi. 705, H. 133, Hi. 700, BN. 95,
BA. 88, Ai. 926, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1430.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 79.
074^''. The cranium of a female Maraver from Shevagunga (?) .
C. 457, L. 161, B. 127, Bi. 789, H. 127, Hi. 789, BX. 91,
BA. 89, Ai. 978, Nh. 41, Nw. 23, Ni. 561, Ow. 33, Oh. 30,
Oi. 909, Ca. 1080.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 78.
674 The skull of a Callicuttian Pariah, Nagalore : S •
Atlas anchylosed.
C. 482, L. 167, B. 133, Bi. 796, Nh. 42, Nw. 25, Ni. 595,
Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1280.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 116.
674^2. The skull of a Callicuttian Pariah, young.
C. 457, L. 162, B. 124, Bi. 765, H. 120, Hi. 741, BN. 86,
BA. 74, Ai. 860, Nh. 36, Nw. 19, Ni. 528, Ow. 34, Oh. 28,
Oi. 824, Ca. 1175.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 118.
674 The cranium of a Congah Pariah : (J . Nagalore'.
C. 472, L. 165, B. 124, Bi. 752, H. 129, Hi. 782, BN. 97,
BA. 92, Ai. 948, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1195.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 100.
674 2*. The skull of a Congah Pariah : ? . Nagalore.
C. 507, L. 181, B. 129, Bi. 713, H. 134, Hi. 740, BN. 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1430.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 119.
674 2\ The cranium of a Yenadie from Strihurreecottah
Island, Coromandel Coast (Karimanal).
C. 468, L. 169, B. 119, Bi. 704, H. 130, Hi. 769, BN. 104,
INDIA.
211
BA. 96, Ai. 923, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 29,
Oi. 763, Ca. 1165.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 75.
674^6. The skull o£ a Yenadie ?, set. c. 10, from Strihurree-
cottah.
(J. E. S. vol. iii. p. 373.)
C. 460, L. 170, B. 125, Bi. 735, H. 119, Hi. 700, BK. 85,
BA. 83, Ai. 976, Nh. 37, Nw. 21, Ni. 568, Ow. 33, Oh. 39,
Oi. 879, Ca. 1140.
Anthropol. Sac, No. 137.
674^^. The cranium of a Yenadie, from Strihurreecottah : $ .
C. 470, L. 170, B. 123, Bi. 724, H. 125, Hi. 735, BN. 94,
BA. 90, Ai. 957, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1110.
Anthropol. Sac, No. 202.
Unknown locality.
674 The skull of Subh, a Mussulman Rajpoot. Male aged 30.
C. 525, L. 196, B. 131, Bi. 668, H. 137, Hi. 699, BN. 102,
BA. 97, Ai. 951, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895.
674^*. The skull of Pisra, a male Hindu aged 35. Brahmin.
C. 518, L. 180, B. 146, Bi. 811, H. 136, Hi. 756, BN. 93.
BA. 83, Ai. 892, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni, 442, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850.
674^*. The cranium of a Hindu widow burnt on her husband's
pile. Suttee.
L. 163, B. 133, Bi. 816, H. 133, Hi. 816, BN. 92, Ow. 33,
Oh. 29, Oi. 879.
G74 Incomplete skeleton, with skull, hands, and feet missing,
of unknown Hindu.
674^*. Incomplete skeleton of a Hindu of unknown tribe.
Wanting the skull and a few phalanges.
674 Incomplete skeleton of a Hindu of unknown tribe.
Wanting the skull, 1 rib, 1 patella, and a few
phalanges,
r2
212
ASIA.
674^*. Incomplete skeleton of a Hindu of unknown tribe.
Wanting the skull, sternum, patellae, and a few
phalanges.
674^*. Forty-three lumbar vertebrae and twenty-three sacra of
Hindus of unknown tribes.
Charles, Sci. Mem, Officers of Army in ludia, pt. viii. 1894.
674 Twenty-four astragali, seventeen os calcis, thirteen
lower ends of tibiae and fibula, and twenty-five
coccyx (mounted in box) of unknown Hindus.
C74 ^'^* Bones of Hindus of unknown tribes, including : five
vertebral columns (one lacking five cervical vertebrae),
forty-seven ribs, an imperfect sternum, ten scapulae,
six clavicles, eleven humeri, five radii, four ulnae, two
hands, fourteen pelves, fourteen femora, three patellae,
nineteen tibiae, five fibulae, seven feet (incomplete).
The above ten specimens presented hij
Lt.-Col. Sir R. II. Charles, IJLS., K.C.V.O., 190G.
C. Ceylon.
675. The cranium of a Veddah, from Bintenne : 6 • 0. C.
5539.
C. 468, L. 165, B. 125, Bi. 758, H. 129, Hi. 782, BN. 93,
BA. 87, Ai. 935, Nh. 43, Nw. 20, Ni. 465, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1140.
Collected by Major Skinner, of the Ceylon Surveying Service.
Presented hy Colonel Hamilton Smith, 1852.
The four following specimens were sent from Ceylon by
Mr. Thwaites to Sir J. D. Hooker, by whom they wei'c given
to the donor.
GIG. The cranium of a Veddah : $ .
" From Bintenne of Badulla : J. Bailey."
It has been unsymmetrically distorted by occii)ital pressure
in infancy.
C. 460, L. 158, B. 131, Bi. 829, H. 127, Hi. 804, BN. 86,
BA. 80, Ai. 930, Nh. 41, Nw. 23, Ni. 561, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi 892, Ca. 1225.
Presented l>i/ d'eorr^e Busk, Esq., 1804.
CEYLON.
213
677. The cranium of a Veddah.
" From Nilgala : J. Bailey, I860."
The teeth have all been lost during life, and the alveoli
absorbed ; but very little consolidation of the calvarial sutures
has taken place.
C. 478, L. 173, B. 127, Bi. 734, H. 132, Hi. 763, BN. 99,
Nh. 45, Nw. 21, Ni. 467, Ow. 38, Oh. 30, Oi. 789, Ca. 1235.
Presented hy George Bush., Esq., 18G4.
678. The cranium of a Veddah : 6 .
" From Nilgala : J. Bailey, 1860."
C. 482, L. 176, B. 122, Bi. 693, H. 129, Hi. 733, BN. 92,
BA. 93, Ai. 1011, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1250.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1864.
679. The cranium of a Veddah : 5 .
This is the smallest adult skull in the collection.
C. 448, L. 166, B. 116, Bi. 699, H. 118, Hi. 711, BN. 85,
BA. 82, Ai. 965, Nh. 38, Nw. 22, Ni. 579, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 960.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1864.*
680. The skull of a Veddah : ^ .
The frontals and parietals just meet at the pterion on both
sides.
C. 478, L. 173, B. 122, Bi. 705, H. 136, Hi. 786, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 640, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1225.
Presented hy Dr. Stephen Ward, 1864.
The six following specimens of authentic Veddahs were pro-
cured from the Bodulla District of the Central Province of
Ceylon in 1879, and presented to the Museum by W. R. Kynsey,
Esq., Principal Civil Medical Officer and Inspector-General of
Hospitals, Ceylon.
680 ^ The skeleton of a male Veddah TAppua).
Humerus, r. 285, I. 282; radius, r. 225, I. 232; femur,
414 ; tibia, 350.
Cranium : C. 478, L. 174, B. 122, Bi. 701, H. 133, Hi. 764,
BN. 99, BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 43, Nw. 22, Ni. 512, Ow. 37,
Oh. 33, Oi. 892, Ca. 1270.
* See G. Busk, " Observations or some Skulls from Ceylon, said to be
those of Veddahs," Troc. Linn. See. 1862, vi. p. 166.
214
ASIA.
C80 ^. The skeleton of a young male.
Epiphyses not united.
C. 500, L. 184, B. 124, Bi. 674, H. 131, Hi. 712, BN". 92,
BA. 88, Ai. 957, Nh. 43, Nw. 22, Ni. 512, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1425.
680 K The skull of a male (Appna).
C. 499, L. 179, B. 126, Bi. 704, H. 141, Hi. 788, BX. 101,
BA. 93, Ai. 921, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1370.
680 ^ The skull of a male (Wannekua).
C. 478, L. 173, B. 121, Bi. 699, H. 129, Hi. 746, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1220.
680 The skull of a female (Kalu).
C. 673, L. 173, B. 121, Bi. 699, H. 135, Hi. 780, BN. 100,
BA. 93, Ai. 930, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1140.
680 ®. The skull of an old male, wanting facial bones (Puncha-
jamaya).
C. 485, L. 167, B. 137, Bi. 820, H. 132, Hi. 790, BN. 94,
Ca. 1320.
Differs from all the others in the great parietal foramina.
681. The cranium of a Veddah : .
This and No. 682 were ohtained for the donor by the late
Mr. J. W. Birch, Government Agent in the Eastern Province of
Ceylon, and are believed to be authentic examples. They are
of larger size than any of the preceding.
The squamosal just touches the frontal atthepterion on both
sides.
C. 485, L. 176, B. 127, Bi. 722, H. 133, Hi. 756, BN. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi. 806, Ca. 1260.
Presented hj E. W. 11. Iloldsivorth, Esq., 1879.
081 ^ The cranium of a male Veddah. (Authentic.)
C. 525, L. 191, B. 134, Bi. 702, H. 143, Hi. 749, BN. 104,
Nh. 47, Nw. 28, Ni. 596, Ow. 39, Oh. 36, Oi. 923.
Presented h>j A. T. Kar slake, Esq., 1881.
CEYLON.
215
681 ^. The cranium of a Veddah, 6 , from Ceylon.
C. 490, L. 179, B, 125, Bi. 698, H. 132, Hi. 737, BX. 9 8,
Ow. 40, Oh. 36, Oi. 900, Ca. 1355
Presented hy Dr. W. G. Rockwood of Ceylon, 1883.
682. The calvaria of a Veddah : S ■
The lower ends of the coronal suture are consolidated ; but
the squamosal appears to have reached the frontal, at least on
the left side.
C. 512, L. 189, B. 126, Bi. 667, H. 132, Hi. 698, Ca. 1420.
Presented hy E. W. H. Holdsworth, Esq., 1879.
683. A mutilated cranium, from Ceylon.
It is remarkable for the contracted condition of the foramen
magnum.
C. 498, L. 180, B. 140, Bi. 778, H. 135, Hi. 750, Ow. 39,
Oh. 31, Oi. 795, Ca. 1300.
Presented hy Dr. Stephen Ward, 1864.
The following four skulls are of natives of Ceylon who died
in the Government Civil Hospital at Galle.
683 \ Male, name " Mendries," aged 20.
C. 525, L. 184, B. 142, Bi. 772, H. 145, Hi. 788, EN. 105,
BA. 104, Ai. 990, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1670.
683 2. Male, name " Babun/' aged 20.
C. 485, L. 170, B. 136, Bi. 800, H. 138, Hi. 812, B^s^. 99,
BA. 91, Ai. 919, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, Ca. 1380.
683 ^. Female, name " Baba/' aged 60.
C. 479, L. 173, B. 130, Bi. 751, H. 130, Hi. 751, BN. 97,
BA. 89, Ai. 918, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1185.
6831 Female, name " Punchy Hamy," aged 28.
C. 480, L. 174, B. 125, Bi. 718, H. 131, Hi. 753, BN. 93,
BA. 93, Ai. 1000, Nh. 44, Nw. 26, Ni. 591, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1210.
Presented hy W. C, Ondaafje, Colonial Surgeon, 1882.
216
ASIA.
The following nineteen skulls of Singhalese from Colombo
were presented in September 1882 by Dr. W. R. Kynsey,
Principal Civil Medical Officer. They are all from people who
died within the last two years in Hospital, and represent the
prevailing type of the lower class natives of Colombo. The
nameSj ages, and sexes were marked on the skulls.
G83^ Male aged 25. " Juan Appoonam."
C. 482, L. 173, B. 137, Bi. 792, H. 132, Hi. 763, Bi\. 95,
BA. 89, Ai. 937, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1505.
683 ^ Male aged 25. " Kischamy."
C. 500, L. 182, B. 126, Bi. 092, H. 133, Hi. 731, B.N'. 102,
BA. 98, Ai. U61, Nh. 53, Nw. 22, Ni. 415, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1310.
683 \ Male aged 25. " Malhammy."
C. 488, L. 175, B. ]31, Bi. 749, H. 137, Hi. 783, BN. 108,
BA. 104, Ai. 963, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 858, Ca. 1340.
683 ^ Male aged 28. " Durjesy Appoo,"
C. 488, L. 176, B. 133, Bi. 756, H. 135, Hi. 767, BN. 103,
BA. 92, Ai. 983, Nh. 48, Nw. 20, Ni. 417, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1320.
683 Male aged 30. " Leingho Appoo."
C. 483, L. 173, B. 134, Bi. 775, H. 130, Hi. 751, BN. 101,
BA. 98, Ai. 970, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 36, Oh. 30.
Oi. 833, Ca. 1205.
083 If". Male aged 30. " Ranghanny."
C. 498, L. 180, B. 128, Bi. 711, H. 140, Hi. 778, BN. 94,
BA. 96, Ai. 1021, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1400.
683 Male aged 30. " Punch Rollo."
The atlas is ankylosed to the skuU.
C. 505. L. 179, B. 141, Bi. 788, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500,
Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1400.
CEYLOX.
217
683 Mule aged 32. " Menicka."
C. 505, L. 187, B. 124, Bi. 663, H. 142, Hi. 759, BN. 102,
BA. 91, Ai. 892, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1475.
683 1^ Male aged 35. " AUis Appoo."
C. 475, L. 166, B. 131, Bi. 789. H. 137, Hi. 825, BN. 100,
BA. 101, Ai. 1010, Nh. 48, Nw. 20, Ni. 417, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1285.
683 Male aged 38. " Abadda.*'
C. 488, L. 174, B. 130, Bi. 747, H. 129, Hi. 741, BX. 103,
BA. 99, Ai. 961, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1285.
683 1^ Male. " Sinanahamy."
C. 485, L. 176, B. 123, Bi. 699, H. 137, Hi. 778, BN. 105,
BA. 100, Ai. 952, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1295.
683 1^ Male. " Mudelihamy."
C. 505, L. 180, B. 134, Bi. 744, H. 130, Hi. 722, BN. 95,
BA. 97, Ai. 1021, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1450.
683". Male. " Korolis Appoo " : a cranium.
C. 510, L. 186, B. 127, Bi. 683, H. 134, Hi. 720, BN. 112,
BA. 101, Ai. 902, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1350.
683 Male. " Don Uinde."
C. 518, L. 185, B. 141, Bi. 762, H. 142, Hi. 768, BN. 100,
Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow.37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1570.
683 1^ Male. " Abbodda.'^
C. 510, L. 188, B. 127, Bi. 676, H. 144, Hi. 766, BN. 106,
BA. 105, Ai. 991, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1460.
683 2°. Male. " Appoohamy.''
C. 495. L. 173, B. 137, Bi. 792, H. 131, Hi. 757, BN. 102,
BA. 103, Ai. 1010, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1365. ■ . :
218
ASIA,
683 Male. " Lucus Appoo."
C. 478, L. 169, B. 131, Bi. 775, H. 131, Hi. 775, BN. 103,
Nw. 2G, Ow. 38, Oh. 30, Oi. 789, Ca. 1275.
G83 Female. " Kalbicham " : a craninm.
C. 484, L. 172, B. 128, Bi. 744, H. 128, Hi. 744, BN. 96,
BA. 92, Ai. 958, Nh. 41, Nw. 24, Ni. 585, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1175.
683 Female. " Rarananica.^^
C. 475, L. 170, B. 126, Bi. 741, H. 131, Hi. 771, BK 94,
Nh. 41, Nw. 22, Ni. 537, Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1185.
683^^. Two lower jaws which do not belong to cither of the
above crania.
D. Siberia and Central Asia.
684. The skeleton of a male Samoyede.
A well-authenticated example of the race, obtained near
Mezen, North Eussia. The three upper cervical vertebrae are
missing. The skull is described and figured by Mr. Busk in
the ' Journal of the Anthropological Institute,' vol. iii. p. 494
(1874).
It belongs to a man advanced in life. Those teeth that have
not been already lost, are greatly worn ; but consolidation of
the calvarial sutures has only just commenced.
Height of skeleton 4 feet 11 inches = 1500, clavicle 155,
humerus 312, radius 237, femur 417, tibia 342.
Cranium : C. 525, L. 178, B. 157, Bi. 882, H. 125, Hi. 702,
BN. 96, BA, 97, Ai. 1010, Nh. 56, Nw. 24, Ni. 429, Ow. 40,
Oh. 35, Oi. 875, Ca. 1520.
Purchased, 1873.
685. The skull either of a Samoyede or of an Ostiak : ^ .
This and the next were obtained by Dr. Otto Finsch, on the
12th of August, 187 6, from ancient heathen graves near
Tschornejar, by the river Schtschutschja, the most northern
confluent of the Ob on the left, about 67° 15' N. lat. There
was nothing in the interment to indicate to which tribe they
belonged.
All the calvarial sutures are paitially obliterated, and the
teeth much worn.
C. 505, L. 172, B. 146, Bi. 849, H. 123, Hi. 715, BN. 96,
SIBERIA AKD CENTRAL ASIA. PERSIA.
219
BA. 101, Ai. 1052, Nh. 56, Nw. 24, Ni. 429, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1380.
Purchased, 1878.
686. The skull of a Samoyede or an Ostiak : ? .
Prom the same locality as the last.
The calvarial sutures are completely consolidated, the teeth
greatly worn, and the bones affected with senile atrophy.
C. 483, L. 167, B. 141, Bi. 844, H. 123, Hi. 737, Ca. 1125.
Purchased, 1878.
G87. The skull oE a Kalmuck, obtained at Sarepta, on the Volga
(Province of Astrakhan) : ? .
C. 480, L. 165, B. 139, Bi. 842, H. 126, Hi. 764, BN. 98,
BA. 101, Ai. 1031, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ki. 440, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1163.
Purchased, 1875.
688. The cranium of " a native of Tartary <^ . 0. C. 5484.
This specimen, remarkable for its great breadth compared
with its length and height, has been described and figured by
Professor Huxley in a memoir " On two widely contrasted
forms of the Human Cranium," in 'The Journal of Anatomy
and Physiology,' vol. i. (1867) p. 60. A cast of the interior is
in the collection.
The teeth are very much worn. There is no trace left of the
sagittal suture, though the coronal and lambdoidal sutures are
quite open.
C. 523, L. 168, B. 165, Bi. 982, H. 121, Hi. 720, BN. 93,
Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 41, Oh. 34, Oi. 829, Ca. 1520.
Iliititerian.
Persia.
688^. A Persian cranium. From an old stone-lined tomb near
the village of Guktapa. Besides the skeleton, most of
which was broken, there were numerous fragments of
red pottery.
C.525, L. 181, B. 148, Bi. 818, H. 122, Hi. 674, BN. 99,
BA. 102, Ai. 1030, Nh. 56, Nw. 27, Ni. 482, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1470.
Purchased, 1894.
220
ASIA.
E. China,
G89. The skull of a Chiuese : S • 0. C. 5485.
The upper part of the supraoccipital is divided into three
sj-mmetrically arranged ossicles ; and there are Wormian bones
in both sides of the coronal suture.
C. 502, L. 176, B. 144, Bi. 818, H. 133, Hi. 756, BX. 98,
BA. 91, Ai. 929, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1280.
689 ^. The skull o£ a Chinese male, ret. c. 50.
C. 495, L. 176, B. 138, Bi. 784, H. 137, Hi. 778, BX. 97,
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 48, Xw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 34, Oh. 33,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1475.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 81.
689 -. The cranium of an aged Chinese : ^ .
C. 518, L. 177, B. 152, Bi. 859, H. 129, Hi. 729, BN. 99,
BA. 92, Ai. 929, Nh. 51, Nw. 27, Ni. 529, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1495.
Anthropol. Sac, Xo. 93.
690. The cranium of a Chinese : S ■ 0. C. 5490.
C. 526, L. 187, B. 147, Bi. 786, H. 134, Hi. 717, BN. 98,
BA. 96, Ai. 980, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1540.
Ilunterian,
691. The cranium of a Chinese : S. 0. C. 5491.
C. 502, L. 173, B. 143, Bi. 827, H. 132, Hi. 763, BN. 98,
BA. 98, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 40, Oh. 30,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1225.
JJitnterian.
691 ^ The .skeleton of a male Chinese said to he a native of
Canton, and about 40 years of age. A Buddhist sailor
■who died in the Campbell Hospital, Calcutta, 1879. He
had suffered severely from syphilis.
Clavicle, 1. 149; humerus, r. 269, I. 267; femur, r. 405,
1. 404 ; tibia, ?. 333 ; upper end of r. tibia in ' Pathological
Series,' 1077 B.
CHINA.
221
Cranium : C. 555, L. 189, B. 143, Bi. 757, H. 144, Hi. 762,
BN. 104, Nh. 57, Nw. 27, Ni. 474, Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872,
Ca. 1690.
Presented hy S. C. Mackenzie, M.D., Surgeon-Major,
Bengal Army, and Sir Joseph Fayrer,
M.B., K.C.S.I., 1880.
691 ^. The skeleton of a Chinese male, ajt. 37.
C. 515, L. 183, B. 144, Bi. 787, H. 138, Hi. 754, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1535.
691^. The skeleton of a Chinese male, set. 40.
The sfiuamosal meets the frontal on the right side.
C. 500, L. 175, B. 136, Bi. 777, H. 146, Hi. 834, BN. 92,
BA. 88, Ai. 957, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1490.
691*. The skull of a Chinese male, set. 37.
C. 523, L. 186, B. 142, Bi. 758, H. 136, Hi. 731, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi, 946, Ca. 1630.
691 ^ The skull of a Chinese male, set. 40 (?).
C. 515, L. 178, B. 143, Bi. 803, H. 139, Hi. 781, BN. 100,
BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca, 1640.
691®. The skull of a Chinese male, set. 40.
C= 474, L. 157, B. 140, Bi. 892, H. 134, Hi. 854, BN. 86,
BA. 87, Ai. 1012, Nh. 50?, Nw. 28?, Ni. 560, Ow. 33, Oh. 30,
Oi. 909, Ca. 1300.
691 ^. The skull of a Chinese male, set. 55.
C. 515, L. 181, B. 141, Bi. 779, H. 134, Hi. 740, BN. 98,
BA. 93, Ai. 949, Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 509, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1450.
691". The skull of a Chinese male, set. 51.
C. 497, L 177, B. 133, Bi, 751, H. 136, Hi. 768, BN. 96,
BA. 90?, Ai. 938, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni, 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1475.
The ahove two skeletons and Jive skulls from the
J. IT. S/vfzIy Collection, 1901.
222
ASIA.
692. The skull of a male Chinese. 0. C. 5487.
It was picked up in a recess amongst the basaltic rocks of
Second Bar, Pagoda Hill, Canton River. The skeleton was
entire and wrapped in cloth.
C. 491, L. 168, B. 142, Bi. 845, H. 137, Hi. 815, BN. 100,
Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 36, Oh. 36, Oi. 1000, Ca. 1435.
Presented hy Robert Auld, Esq., 1834.
692 The cranium of a Chinese from Peking : J* .
C. 520, L. 186, B. 139, Bi. 747, H. 142, Hi. 763, BN. 101,
BA. 103, Ai. 1020, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow. 39, Oh. 38,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1530.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. FT. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
692 ^. The cranium of a Chinese from Pekin : c? ■
C. 467, L. 167, B. 129, Bi. 772, H. 133, Hi. 796, BN. 94,
BA. 92, Ai. 979, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 36, Oh. 36,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1260.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. TI. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O.
693. The cranium of a Chinese : S • 0. i). 5488.
Obtained from a native cemetery near Pekin, and brought to
England by Mr. Dill, Surgeon H.E.I.C.S.
C. 510, L. 178, B. 144, Bi. 809, H. 140, Hi. 787, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1500.
Presented hy Anthony White, Esq., 1826.
694. The cranium of a Chinese, obtained with the last: c? .
0. C. 5489.
C. 513, L. 179, B. 147, Bi. 821, H. 132, Hi. 737, BN. 93,
BA. 96, Ai. 1032, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
01. 868, Ca. 1525.
Presented hy Anthony White, Esq., 182G.
694 \ The cranium of a Chinese from near Shanghai : .
C. 495, L. 169, B. 1.38, Bi. 817, H. 13.5, Hi. 799, BN. 98,
BA. 94, Ai. 959, Nh. 44, Nw. 27, Ni. 614, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1335.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 128.
CHINA.
223
694 The cranium o£ a Chinese : ^ .
Metopic.
C. 530, L. 185, B. 142, Bi. 768, H. 130, Hi. 703, BN. 91,
BA. 92, Ai. 1011, Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Ni. 473, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1555.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 91.
695. The cranium of a Chinese, from a native grave at Shang-
hai:
C. 515, L. 186, B. 139, Bi. 747, H. 135, Hi. 726, BN. 98,
BA. 94, Ai. 959, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1590.
Presented by William Lockhart, Esq., 1858.
696. The cranium of a Chinese from Shanghai : J" .
Metopic.
C. 485, L. 163, B. 142, Bi. 871, H. 129, Hi. 791, BN. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1290.
Presented by W. Lockhart, Esq., 1858.
697. The cranium of a Chinese from Shanghai : ^ ■
It is laterally contracted and unsymmetrical posteriorly,
probably owing to premature synotosis of the sagittal and
lambdoidal sutures ; for these are both consolidated, while the
general condition of the skull, and especially the teeth, show
that the subject was not aged. The contraction, however, does
not amount to true " scaphocephaly."
C. 503, L. 185, B. 130, Bi. 703, H. 142, Hi. 768, BN. 108,
BA. 105, Ai. 972, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1425.
Presented by W. Lockhart, Esq., 1858.
698. The skull of a Chinese from Shanghai : ^ .
The upper part of the supraoccipital is separated as an
epaetal bone.
C. 517, L. 188, B. 137, Bi. 729, H. 140, Hi. 745, BN. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 231, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1410.
Presented by W. Lockhart, Esq., 1875.
224
ASIA.
699. The skull o£ a Clainese from Shangliai : .
The sagittal and part of the lambdoidal sutures are obliterated.
The coronal is remarkably simple.
C. 515, L. 180, B. 140, Bi. 778, H. 130, Hi. 722, BN. 97,
BA. 95, Ai. 979, Nh. .52, Nw. 23, m. 442, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1460.
Presented by W. Loclchart, Esq., 1875.
700. The skull of a Chinese from Shanghai : .
C. 494, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 783, H. 130, Hi. 743, BN. 92,
BA. 98, Ai. 1065, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1320.
Presented by W. Loc/chart, Esq., 1875.
700 ^ The cranium of a Chinese from Shanghai: c? (mutilated).
C. 522, L. 187, B. 140, Bi. 749, H. 139, Hi. 743, BN. 102,
Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi. 895, Ca. 1550.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 239.
700 ^. The cranium of a Chinese : S (mutilated).
Anthropol. Soc, No. 222.
701. The cranium of a Chinese : S •
" A Taeping rebel."
C. 513, L. 183, B. 138, Bi. 754, H. 132, Hi. 721, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1470.
Presented by William Bird, Esq., 1870.
701 \ The cranium of a Chinese: S • From Chusan.
C. 509, L. 178, B. 141, Bi. 792, H. 133, Hi. 747, BN. 100,
BA. 90, Ai. 900, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 1465.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 220.
702. The skull of a Chinese pirate : S . 0. C. 5486.
The upper part of the supraoccipital is divided off into a pair
of nearly symmetrical ossicles.
C. 515, L. 183, B. 140, Bi. 765. II. 132, Hi. 721, BN. 100,
BA. 103, Ai. 1030, Nh. 53, Nw. 20, Ni. 491, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1475.
Presented h;i Dr. Georae Bennett.
CHINA.
225
703. The cranium of a Chinese latlrone, or pirate : S • 0. C.
5492.
This and the following are from individuals executed for
murder and piracy at Macao, in 1816.
The squamosals meet the frontals at the pterion of hoth
sides.
C. 510, L. 186, B, 134, Bi. 720, H. 135, Hi. 726, BN. 100,
BA. 98, Ai. 980, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1260.
Presented hij J. Reeves, Esq., 1821.
704. The cranium of a Chinese ladrone, or pirate : J" • 0. C.
5493.
C. 522, L. 184, B. 142, Bi. 772, H. 142, Hi. 772, BN. 100,
BA. 91, Ai. 910, Nh. 57, Nw. 29, Ni. 509, Ow. 35, Oh. 35,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1580.
Presented hy J. Reeves, Esq., 1821.
705. The cranium of a Chinese : 2 .
C. 494, L. 177, B. 135, Bi. 763, H. 127, Hi. 718, BN. 98,
BA. 97, Ai. 990, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1365.
Presented hy Lady Franklin.
705 ^ The cranium of a Chinese : $ .
C. 483, L. 168, B. 133, Bi. 792, H. 133, Hi. 792, BN. 98,
BA. 91, Ai. 929, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 35, Oh. 35,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1305.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 101.
706. The cranium of a Chinese from Shanghai : ? .
C. 474, L. 166, B. 134, Bi. 807, H. 136, Hi. 819, BN. 96
BA. 92, Ai. 958, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 34, Oh. 34,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1230.
Presented by Dr. J. Reay Greene, 1879.
707. The cranium of a Chinese child from Hongkong.
All the milk-teeth are in place, hut the first permanent
molars have not yet attained the level of the alveolar margin.
C. 446, L. 160, B. 126, Bi. 788, H. 120, Hi, 750, BN. 80,
BA. 76, Ai. 950, Nh. 36, Nw. 20, Ni. 556, Ow. 32, Oh. 31,
Oi. 969.
Presented by W. T. Black, Esq., Staff-Surgeon
H.M. Army, 18Go.
Q
226
ASIA.
707 K The cranium of a child, set. c. 10.
Basioccipital missing.
C. 455, L. 154, B. 130, Bi. 844, Nh. 40, Nw. 20, Ni. 500,
Ow. 30, Oh. 30, Oi. 1000.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 92.
708. The skull of a new-born Chinese infant from Shanghai.
C. 315, L. 107, B. 89, Bi. 832, H. 81, Hi. 757.
Purchased, 1873.
F. Formosa.
709. The skull of a Formosan : ^ .
This and the following specimen are from the collection of
the late Mr. Eobert Swinhoe, F.ll.S., H.B.M. Consul, and were
both marked " Formosan : Laoulung, 1866," but with no further
information ; so that it is uncertain whether they belong to any
of the original native races of the island, or to the descendants
of Chinese immigrants.
Part of the base has been cut away, and the right ramus of
the lower jaw broken, probably in the act of decapitation.
C. 520, L. 183, B. 140, Bi. 765, H. 145, Hi. 792, BN. 110,
BA. 106, Ai. 964, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1550.
Purchased, 1878.
710. The skull of a Formosan.
The sagittal suture is completely obliterated, but not from
age, as the teeth show scarcely any signs of wear. Tlicre are
several small Wormian bones in the coronal suture, which is
otherwise very simple in character.
C. 498, L. 176, B. 132, Bi. 750, H. 128, Hi. 727, BX. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946. Ca. 1370.
Purchased, 1878.
G. Japan.
711. The cranium o£ a Japanese: S •
From the execution-ground at Kanagawa.
C. 517, L. 187, B. 141, Bi. 754, H. 142, Hi. 759, BN. 103,
BA. 102, Ai. 990, Nii. 57, Nw. 22, Ni. 380, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1570.
Presented hji Pnivlund Hamilton, Esq.. lSi')l.
JAPAN.
227
711'. The articulated skeleton of a male Japanese.
Humerus, r. 298, I. 297; radius, r. 213, I. 210; femui,
r. 405, I. 404 ; tibia, r. 322, I. 321.
Cranium : C. 525, L. 180, B. 143, Bi. 794, H. 134, Hi. 744,
m. 100, BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 57, Nw. 27, Ni. 474, Ow. 40,
Oh. 36, Oi. 900, Ca. 1585.
Received in excliange, 1885.
712. The skull of a Japanese, from Yokohama: $ .
On the right side the squamosal and frontal meet at the
pterion ; on the left there is an epipteric ossicle.
C. 528, L. 188, B. 143, Bi. 761, H. 140, Hi. 745, BN. 108,
BA. 104, Ai. 963, Nli. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1510.
Presented hy Rowland Hamilton, Esq., 1864.
713. The skull of a Japanese : ? .
" Bought in a medicine-shop, Kanagawa."
C. 548, L. 164, B. 123, Bi. 750, H. 124, Hi. 756, BN. 93,
BA. 94, Ai. 1011, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 34, Oh. 33,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1125.
Presented hy Rowland Hamilton, Esq., 18G4.
714. The skull of a Japanese : S •
Though the basilar suture is closed, and the skull shows every
sign of maturity, there are no molars behind the first in either
jaw, nor any appearance of their having been lost, and the first
upper milk-molar is retained on the right side.
C. 518, L. 185, B. 141, Bi. 762, H. 135, Hi. 730, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1480.
Tliis and the four following specimens were purcliased from
Dr. William Willis, of Yokohama, 18G4.
715. The skull of a Japanese : S •
It has a small supplementary upper incisor tooth on the riglit
side, close to the median line and behind the normal tooth.
C. 512, L. 180, B. 140, Bi. 778, H. 139, Hi. 772, BN. 103,
BA. 100, Ai. 971, Nh. 55-, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1410.
Purchased, 18G4.
y2
228
ASIA.
716. The skull of a Japanese : .
C. 500, L. 180, B. 135, Bi. 750, H. 135, Hi. 750, BN. 103,
BA. 100, Ai. 971, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca, 1415.
Purchased, 1864.
717. The cranium of a Japanese : S •
C. 525, L. 180, B. 148, Bi. 822, H. 137, Hi. 761, BN. 99,
BA. 99, Ai. 1000, Nh. 54, Nw. 28, Ni. 519, Ow. 39, Oh. 39,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1530.
Purchased, 1864.
718. The craninm of a Japanese child.
The first permanent molars are in place.
C. 464, L. 163, B. 129, Bi. 791, H. 125, Hi. 767, BN. 87,
BA. 77, Ai. 885, Nh. 40, Nw. 20, Ni. 500, Ow. 32, Oh. 31,
Oi. 969.
PurcJuised, 1864.
719. A cranium, found by the donor in May 1871, at Nemoro,
N.E. coast of Yezo (or Jesso) Island ; probably that of
an Aino : ?
The squamosals and frontals almost meet at the pterion.
The sagittal suture is completely synostosed.
C. 513, L. 184, B. 138, Bi. 750, H. 132, Hi. 717, BN. 106,
BA. 105, Ai. 991, Nh. 48, Nw. 30, Ni. 625, Ow. 42, Oh. 33,
Oi. 786, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy Lieut. Sivinton C. Holland, P.jS^., 1873.
720. The skull of an Aino, from the island of Yezo : •
A perfectly authenticated example of the race. It is
described and figured by Mr. Busk in Trans. Ethnol. Soc.
n. s., vol. vi. p. 109 (1868).
C. 545, L. 197, B. 142, Bi. 721, H. 142, Hi. 721, BN. 110,
BA. 106, Ai. 964, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 42, Oh. 33,
Oi. 786, Ca. 1630.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1867.
720 ^ The articulated skeleton of an Aino.
C. 540, L. 198, B. 142, Bi. 717, H. 138, Hi. 697, BN. 113,
BA. 115, Ai. 1018, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1620. 1900.
BURMAH.
229
H. BURMAH.
721. The skull of a Burmese : ^ .
" A noted dacoit, or robber, captured near Tonghoo, on the
frontiers of Burmah, by Colonel Lloyd, Deputy Commissioner, in
a personal encounter, not before he had waylaid and murdered
no less than thirteen people,"
C. 490, L. 166, B. 144, Bi. 867, H. 134, Hi. 807, BN. 94,
BA. 90, Ai. 957, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1350.
Presented hy R. J. Wardlaw-Ramsay, Esq., 1877.
721 ^ The skull of a Burmese male shot near Toughu, 1866.
C. 485, L. 164, B. 143, Bi. 872, H. 124, Hi. 756, BN. 94,
BA. 96, Ai. 1021, Nh. 54, Nw. 27, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1365.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 180.
721 2. The skull of a Dacoit leader.
C. 520, L. 176, B. 149, Bi. 847, H. 149, Hi. 847, BN". 99,
Nh. 52, Nw. 29, Ni. 558, Ow. 40, Oh. 36, Oi. 900, Ca. 1460.
721 ^. The cranium of a Burmese : .
C. 505,. L. 176, B. 142, Bi. 807, H. 140, Hi. 795, BN. 100,
BA. 99, Ai. 990, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1485.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 51.
721 The cranium of a Burmese.
C. 509, L. 166, B. 158, Bi. 952, H. 136, Hi. 819, BN. 101
BA. 97, Ai. 960, Nh. 53, Nw. 28, Ni. 528, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1460.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
721 The skull of a Burmese.
C. 519, L. 182, B. 139, Bi. 764. H. 136, Hi. 747, BN. 104,
Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 42, Oh. 35, Oi. 833, Ca. 1545.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O.,mQ.
230
ASIA,
721 The cranium of a Burmese.
C. 500, L. 175, B. 129, Bi. 737, H. 128, Hi. 731, BX. 93,
BA. 90, Ai. 908, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 36, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
The three following crania were obtained and brought to
England by the late Mr. John Crawford, F.R.S.
722. The cranium of a Burmese : •
C. 528, L. 184, B. 150, Bi. 815, H. 142, Hi. 772, BN. 99,
BA. 105, Ai. 1061, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1560.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1864.
723. The skull of a Karen : S ■
C. 505, L. 178, B. 141, Bi. 792, H. 143, Hi. 803, BN. 103,
BA. 103, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1520.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1864.
724. The skull of a Karen, from Bassein : ^ .
The occiput is unsymraefcricaUy flattened posteriorly, as if
from pressure in infancy ; and there is a large irregular inde-
pendent ossicle in the right side of the supraoccipital.
C. 500, L. 170, B. 141, Bi. 829, H. 144, Hi. 847, BN. 103,
BA. 100, Ai. 971, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow, 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1460.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1864.
724 \ The skull of a Pegu rebel from Taking. Executed 1863.
C. 505, L. 184, B. 134, Bi. 728, H. 137, Hi. 745, BN. 101,
BA. 100, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 1240.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 181.
724 ^. The craniuui of a Shan robber killed beyond the British
Frontier, Tenasserim.
C. 493, L. 169, B. 141, Bi. 834, H. 132, Hi. 781, BN. 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1430.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 210.
THE INDO-MALx\.YAN ARCHIPELAGO.
I. The Indo-Malayan Archipelago.
725. The skull of a Malay pirate : ^ . 0. C. 5494.
The fore part of the upper teeth has been filed away, and
the exposed surface of dentine stained black.
C. 510, L. 173, B. 147, Bi. 850, H. 124, Hi, 717, BN. 98,
BA. 101, Ai. 1031, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1440.
Hunterian.
72i). The cranium of a Malay, from Penang : ^ .
C. 502, L. 178, B. 138, Bi. 775, H. 138, Hi. 775, BN. 94,
BA. 94, Ai. 1000, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1430.
Presented by J. D. Gillies, Es(]., 1855.
72(J^ The skull of an old man belonging to the Semang Tribe
living at " Goyal Sapi," about eight miles from the
mouth of the Kennering river in Upper Perak. Col-
lected by Dr. Grubauei', 1903.
C. 482, L. 168, B. 130, Bi. 774, H. 123, Hi. 732, BN. 97,
Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 40, Oh. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1475.
727. The cranium of a Malay : ^ .
" The pirate who took the ' Cyprus.' "
C. 532, L. 188, B. 148, Bi. 787, H. 140, Hi. 745, BN. 104,
BA. 101, Ai. 971, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1590.
Presented hy Lady Franklin, 1854.
727 \ The skull of a male Malay.
C. 500, L. 166, B. 149, Bi. 898, H. 144, Hi. 867, BN. 100,
BA. 87, Ai. 870, Nh. 60, Nw. 22, Ni. 367, Ow. 38, Oh. 39,
Oi. 1026, Ca. 1520.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1882.
728. The skull of a Malay : ^.
C. 509, L. 178, B. 142, Bi. 798, H. 147, Hi. 826, BN. 100,
BA. 103, Ai. 1030, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1420.
Presented hy Lady Franklin, 1854.
232
ASIA.
729. The skull of a Malay : ^ .
The lambdoidal suture is remarkably complex. The upper
incisoi's are filed in front, and stained.
C. 476, L. 158, B. 140, Bi. 886, H. 130, Hi. 823, BN. 92,
BA. 95, Ai. 1033, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1350.
Presented by Lady Franklin, 1854.
730. The skull of a Malay : S ■
C. 496, L. 170, B. 141, Bi. 829, H. 122, Hi. 718, BN. 93,
BA. 95, Ai. 1022, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1280.
Presented by Lady Franklin, 1854.
731. The fkull of a Malay.
C. 483, L. 167, B. 137, Bi. 820, H. 129, Hi. 772, BN. 94,
BA. 99, Ai. 1053, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1325.
Presented by Lady Franklin, 1854.
731 ^ The cranium of a Malay from Singapore : ^ .
C. 527, L. 180, B. 145, Bi. 806. H. 144, Hi. 800, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 59, Nw. 29, Ni. 492, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 421, Ca. 1665.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 195.
732. The cranium of a male native of Java. 0. C. 5538.
The characters of the bones are very feminine.
The teeth have nearly all been lost during life ; but there is
no union of the calvarial sutures.
C. 497, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 783, H. 130, Hi. 743, Ca. 1330.
Presented by Sir T. Stamford Raffles.
732 A skull from a cave, formerly the resort of Malay
pirates, at Sine, south coast of Java : S •
Found with many others, Feb. 17th, 1878, by Baron A.
von Hiigel.
C. 498, L. 172, B. 139, Bi. 808, H. 135, Hi. 785, BN. 100,
BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1370.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
THE INDO-MALAYAN ARCHIPELAGO.
233
732 ^. A mutilated cranium from the same cave : S •
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 501, L. 171, B. 148, Bi. 865, H. 142, Hi. 830, Ca. 1500,
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq.
733. The skeleton of an old male native of Borneo. 0. 549G
to 5530.
Taken from a large tomb on a hill above a deserted village
by the river Pantai, east coast of Borneo. The circumstances
under which it was found and mode of sepulture are described
in Mr. A. Adams's notes appended to Sir E. Belcher's ' Narrative
of the Voyage of the Samarang ' (1844), vol. ii. p. 415, quoted
in the former Catalogue, where the bones are separately described
and CO Tipared with those of an Australian.
Most of the teeth have been lost during life. The cranial
sutures are partly consolidated. The hyoid arch was completely
ossified.
Clavicle 152 ; humerus, r. 322, 1. 330 ; radius, r. 256, 1. 258 ;
femur, r. 459, I. 455 ; tibia, r. 395, I. 391.
Cranium: C. 500, L. 173, B. 141, Bi. 815, H. 144, Hi. 832,
BN. 101, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 40, Oh. 35, Oi. 875,
Ca. 1463.
Presented by Admiral Sir Edward Belchei^, K.C.B.
733 ^ The skull of an old native of Borneo, probably that of a
chief.
Procured from a house in the North Borneo Company's
Territory by Dr. Walker, Medical Officer to the Company (see
Museum letter-book).
C. 500, L. 179, B. 125, Bi. 698, H. 138, Hi. 771, BN. 104,
Nw. 26, Ow. 38, Oh. 38, Oi. 1000, Ca. 1380.
Presented hy C. Dent, Esq., M.D., 1885.
The ten following specimens were purchased at the sale in
Paris of the collection of the late Baron van Kessel, during
eleven years Dutch Resident in Borneo.
734. The cranium of a male Dayak, curiously carved and
ornamented with tinfoil, and with cowries fixed in the
place of the eyes *.
C. 505, L. 177, B. 145, Bi. 819, H. 142, Hi. 802, Ca. 1460.
Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
* This specimen is very similar in its mode of preparation to that described
and figured in Dr. Barnard Davis's ' Thesaurus Craniorum,* p. 29G.
\
234 ASIA.
735. The cranium of a male Dayak, from the east coast of
Borneo.
It is sculptured and inlaid -with tinfoil. The teeth have been
removed, and wooden pegs substituted.
C. 506, L. 180, B. 141, Bi. 783, H. 139, Hi. 772, BN. 96,
Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842, Ca, 1420.
Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
736. The skull of a Dayak from the east coast of Borneo.
The surface of the frontal and parietal bones is elegantly
sculptured, and the teeth are replaced by imitations in wood.
C. 485, L. 171, B. 128, Bi. 749, H. 130, Hi. 760, BN. 94,
BA. 96, Ai. 1021, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1230.
Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
737. The lower jav? of a male Dayak from the east coast of
Borneo, Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
738. The cranium of a female Dayak.
The face is covered with tinfoil ; cowry-shells occupy the
place of eyes ; the lower jaw is of wood ; and a lock of hair, in
braided plaits, is attached to the right zj'goma.
C. 465, L. 168, B. 123, Bi. 732, H. 126, Hi. 750, Ca. 1175.
Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
739. The skull of a young male Batta, from the north-east coast
of Borneo.
The calvaria is scored in a symmetrical pattern. The basilar
suture is not united ; and the third molars are not in place.
C. 485, L. 175, B. 127, Bi. 726, H. 132, Hi. 754, BN. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Nh. 42, Nw. 26, Ni. 619, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi. 806.
Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
740. The left moiety of the bisected cranium of a native Batta
of the east coast of Borneo.
The calvaria is elegantly carved, and the orbit filled with a
resinous substance, to which cowry-shells are affixed — a largo
one in the centre, with smaller ones placed in a radiating
manner around it.
L. 186.
Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
THE INDO-MALAYAN ARCHIPELAGO.
235
741. The anterior portion of a similarly prepared cranium of a
native of the south-east coast of Borneo.
Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 35, Oh. 33, Oi. 943.
Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
742. The cranium of a native child, about seven years of age,
from Central Borneo.
It has been scorched and blackened by fire.
The first permanent molars and the central incisors are in
place. There are numerous and irregular Wormian bones in
the hinder end of the sagittal and the lambdoidal sutures, and a
large epipteric ossicle on the left side.
C. 437, L. 150. B. 128, Bi. 853, H. 127, Hi. 847, BN. 83,
BA. 75, Ai. 936, Nh. 38, Nw. 22, Ni. 579, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914.
Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
743. The cranium of a male Bornean, from the west coast near
Sarawak.
It has been blackened by fire.
C. 522, L. 183, B. 144, Bi. 787, H. 137, Hi. 749, BN. 94,
BA. 91, Ai. 968, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1555.
Van-Kessel Collection. Purchased, 1853.
743 ^ The skull of an " Ukiet," a tribe inhabiting the interior
of Borneo : ^ .
It has been smoked, and wooden pegs substituted for the
incisor teeth. (For details see Mr. Low's letter of April 14th,
1880, in Museum letter-book.) " The Ukiets or Bukicts are a
straight-haired race, and inhabit the interior of the Pontianak
and Coti rivers."
C. 493, L. 172, B. 135, Bi. 785, H. 136, Hi. 791, BN. 100,
BA. 89, Ai. 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1375.
Presented by Hugh Brook Low, Esq.,
Sarawak Civil Service, 1880.
743^-743^'. Ten skulls and crania from Borneo.
Presented by Charles Hose, Esq., 1900.
743^. Skull, Leppu Potong Tribe, Kalabit District, Sarawak,
C. 510, L. 182, B. 131, Bi. 720, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 97,
Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 37, Oh. 35, Oi. 046, Ca. 1340.
236 ASIA.
743 ^. Skull of Murut, Baram District, Sarawak.
C. 520, L. 189, E. 133, Bi. 704, Nh. 47, Nw. 30, Ni. 638,
Ow. 40, Oh. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1570.
743 \ Skull, Tring, Baram District.
C. 517, L. 185, B. 138, Bi. 746, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568,
Ow. 37, Oh. 31, 01. 838, Ca. 1550.
743 ^. Skull of Kalabit, Libun River, Baram Watershed,
killed by Sibops of Tinjar. Obtained from them at
Long Simitun.
C. 480, L. 170, B. 134, Bi. 788, H. 131, Hi. 771, BN. 94,
BA. 95, Ai. 1011, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1330.
743 ®. Cranium of Orang Bukit, Balait River. Killed by Long
Kiputs o£ Baram District^ Sarawak. Obtained from
Long Kiputs.
C. 497, L. 178, B. 139, Bi. 781, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490,
Ow. 38 ?, Oh. 32, Oi. 842, Ca. 1475.
743 ^ Cranium of Murut from Trusan Luah,^ Trusan District.
Killed by Long Kiput people. Obtained at Long
Tutan.
C. 517, L. 184, B. 137, Bi. 745, H. 130, Hi. 707, BN. 100,
BA. 109, Ai. 1090, Nh. 49, Nw. 25 ?, Ni. 510, Ca. 1510.
743 ^. Cranium of Murut, Trusan Luah, Linibang District.
Killed by Long Pata Tribe, Baram River, Sarawak.
Obtained from Long Pata.
C. 515, L. 186, B. 130, Bi. 699, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500,
Ow. 40, Oh. 32, Oi. 842, Ca. 1355.
743^. Cranium of Murut, Trusan, Sarawak.
C. 488, L. 174, B. 137, Bi. 787, H. 127, Hi. 730, BN. 94,
BA. 97, Ai. 1032, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 34?, Oh. 31,
Oi. 912, Ca. 1350.
743'^. Cranium of Murut, Tuburong River. Killed by Long
Pata Tribe, Baram River, Sarawak. Obtained from
Long Pata.
C. 508, L. 184, B. 129, Bi. 701, H. 137, Hi. 745, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 52, Nw. 28, Ni. 538.
THE INDO-MALAYAN ARCHIPELAGO.
237
743". Cranium of Bisaya, Limbring River. Killed by Long
Kiputs of Baram District, Sarawak. Obtained from
Long Kiputs.
C. 495, L. 172, B. 135, Bi. 785, H. 134, Hi. 779, BN. 96,
BA. 97, Ai. 1010, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 33, Oh. 33,
Oi. 1000.
The two following specimens were obtained in the neigh-
bonrhood of Sarawak by the Eev. T. S. Bubb, Missionary.
They have both been dried and blackened by being suspended
over fire, and have the orbits and nasal opening filled with
wooden plugs.
744. The skull of a Dayak : $ .
" Killed at mouth of river at outbreak of Dayaks."
The occiput is mutilated.
C. 498, L. 173, B. 142, Bi. 821, BN. 98, BA. 97, Ai. 990,
Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1410.
Purcliased, 1876.
745. A cranium said to be that of a Dayak : ^ .
This was marked by Mr. Bubb as " givea by the doctor
in Sarawak." It presents more Melanesian than Malay cha-
racters, and may be of Papuan origin, as Papuans are often
taken to Borneo as slaves.
0. 500, L. 176, B. 130, Bi. 739, H. 134, Hi. 761. BN. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 50, Nw. 29, Ni. 580, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1375.
Purchased, 1876.
746. The cranium of a Bugie Malay : S ■ 0. C. 5495.
C. 515, L. 180, B. 145, Bi. 806, H. 132, Hi. 733, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1500.
Purcliased.
746 ^. The skull of a cattle-thief from the Island of Timor,
Lesser Sunda Islands.
C. 525, L. 187, B. 141, Bi. 754, H. 138, Hi. 738, BN. 106,
BA. 104, Ai. 981, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 44, Oh. 34,
Oi. 773, Ca. 1610.
238
ASIA.
746 ^ The cranium of a Malay (?) from the Malabar Coast.
Metopic.
C. 498, L. 178, B. 123, Bi. 691, H. 126, Hi. 708, BN. 95,
BA. 90, Ai. 947, Nh. 42, Nw. 28, Ni. 667, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi, 833, Ca. 1280.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 194.
747. The skull, hyoid, ossified thyroid cartilage, and five upper
cervical vertebrse of a native of one of the Philippine
Islands : c? . 0. C. 5531 to 553(5.
This and the next were presented as "Two skulls of aborigines
of the Philippines, called by the Spanish colonists ' Igorotes'"
(Min. Mus. Comm., Aug. 19th, 1840). They are described by
Quatrefages and Hamy (' Crania Ethica,' p. 171 et seq.) as
Negritos.
The calvarial sutures are partially consolidated. The right
paroccipital process is greatly developed, and articulates with
the posterior surface of the transverse i^rocess of the atlas.
C. 483, L. 165, B. 140, Bi. 848, H. 127, Hi. 770, BN. 99,
BA. 92, Ai. 929, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1240.
Presented hy Hugh Cuming, Esq., 1840.
748. The cranium of an aged male native of Samar, one of the
Philippine Islands. 0. C. 5537.
" From one of the caves in the mountains, deposited there
previous to the conquest of the island by the Spaniards."
The teeth have all been lost and the alveoli absorbed, but
the calvarial sutures are not consolidated.
C. 510, L. 175, B. 145, Bi. 829, H. 135, Hi. 771, BN. 97,
Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1500.
Presented hy Hugh Cuming,Esq., 1840.
74'.). The skull of a native of Manilla.
A symmetrical epactal bone is cut off from the upper part of
the supraoccipital.
C. 510, L. 178, B. 142, Bi. 798, H. 141. Hi, 792, BN. 100,
BA. 96, Ai. 960, Nh. 50, Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
. Oi. 919, Ca. 1490.
Prcse»led h>/ E. W. Cooke, Esq., R.A., 1S7G.
THE INDO-MALAYAN ARCHIPELAGO.
239
749 K The skull of a Gilbert Islander : c? • -
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel.
C. 508, L. 182, B. 133, Bi. 731, H. 133, Hi. 731, BN". Ill,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1000, Nh. 57, Nw. 25, Ni. 439, Ow. 40, Oh, 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
749 \ The skull of a Gilbert Islander : $ .
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel.
C. 517, L. 183, B. 140, Bi. 765, H. 147, Hi. 803, BN. 110,
BA. 106, Ai. 964, Nh. 56, Nvv. 26, Ni. 464, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1580.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
749 ^. The skull of a Gilbert Islander from Arorae : $ .
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel. From an aged
person who had lost nearly aU the teeth during life.
C. 508, L. 180, B. 137, Bi. 761, H. 134, Hi. 744, BN. 102,
Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 42, Oh. 37, Oi. 881, Ca. 1460.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
794*. A skull obtained from a heathen temple in Apamama
(Gilbert Group) remarkable for its size, and weighing
2 lb. 15 oz.
C. 550, L. 221, B. 142, Bi. 643, H. 148, Hi. 670, BN. 114,
Nh. 55, Nw. 28, Ni. 509, Ow. 41, Oh. 36, Oi. 878, C. 1670.
Presented hy B. Glanvill Colmey, Esq., 1903.
749^. A skull from Apamama.
C, 410, L. 170, B. 131, Bi. 771, H. 134, Hi. 788, BN. 96,
BA. 97, Ai. 1010, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1430.
Presented hy B. Glanvill Carney, Esq., 1903.
749 ^. The cranium of a female from Apamama.
C. 470, L. 164, B. 132, Bi. 805, H. 131, Hi. 799, BN. 94,
BA. 90, Ai. 957, Nh. 44, Nw. 22, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1265.
Presented hy B. Glanvill Corney, Esq., 1903.
240 ASIA.
The following thirteen specimens (749 ^ to 749 are from
the battlefields of Luzon, Philippine Islands, and were collected
and presented to the Museum bv StafF-Surgeon C. Marsh
Beadnell, R.N., H.M.S. ' Powerful,' 1904:—
749 ^ Skull.
C. 497, L. 172, B. 141, Bi. 820, H. 140, Hi. 814, BN. 95,
BA. 95, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1550.
749 ^. Cranium.
C. 510, L. 188, B. 135, Bi. 718, H. 140, Hi. 745, BN. 94,
BA. 89, Ai. 947, Nw. 27, Oh. 37.
749 Cranium.
G. 495, L. 173, B. 144, Bi. 832, H. 143, Hi. 827, BN. 96,
Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 38. Oh. 34, Oi. 895.
749 Cranium.
L. 182, B. 138, Bi. 758, H. 145, Hi. 797, BN. 101, Nh. 50,
Nw. 29, Ni. 580, Ow. 39, Oh. 33, Oi. 846.
749 Cranium.
C. 520, L. 175, B. 147, Bi. 840, H. 145, Hi. 829, BN. 102,
BA. 96, Ai. 941, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1505.
749 1^ Cranium.
C. 498, L. 168, B. 146, Bi. 869, H. 137, Hi. 815, BN. 93,
Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 36, Oh. 35, Oi. 972, Ca. 1490.
749 Cranium.
B. 143, H. 138, BN. 100, Nw. 27, Ow. 37, Oh. 35, Oi. 946.
749". Cranium.
C. 488, L. 167, H. 126, Hi. 754, BN. 92, BA. 91, Ai. 989,
Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 36, Oh. 36, Oi. 1000.
749 Cranium.
C. 511, L. 175, B. 141, Bi. 806, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500.
Ow. 37, Ob. 34, Oi. 919.
749 Cranium.
H. 137, BN. 99, Nw. 28, Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi. 919.
POLYNESIA.
241
749". Cranium.
C. 488, L. 165, B. 142, Bi. 861, H. 132, Hi. 800, BN. 95,
BA. 88 ?, Ai. 926, Nw. 25, Ca. 1355.
749 Cranium.
C. 487, L. 164, B. 130, Bi. 793, H. 132, Hi. 805, BN. 92,
Nh. 47, J^w. 28, Ni. 596, Ow. 34, Oh. 33, Oi. 971.
749 Cranixim of a child.
4. POLYNESIA.
750. The cranium of a native of Nanumea (St. Augustine's
Island), Ellice group : .
This and the next are " skulls of ancestors, worshipped by the
people of Nanumea, and only buried after the missionaries got
them to give up this practice, about two months before they
were dug up again by Dr. Turner, who sent them to the
donor."
The third molars are not yet fully in place, although the
sagittal and lambdoidal sutures are consolidated.
C. 517, L. 181, B. 147, Bi. 812, H. 139, Hi. 768, BN. Ill,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1000, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1520.
Presented by Dr. P. H. P ye- Smith, 1877.
751. The cranium of a native of Nanumea.
C. 502, L. 178, B. 138, Bi. 775, H. 134, Hi. 753, BN. 105,
Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 39, Oh. 37, Oi. 949, Ca. 1275.
Presented by Dr. P. H. Pye-Smith, 1877.
752. The skull of a native cf one of the Samoan Islands : ^ .
This and the next belonged to men killed in battle a few years
ago, and buried near Apia. They were obtained by Dr. Turner.
The calvarial sutures are obliterated.
C. 517, L. 172, B. 153, Bi. 890, H. 138, Hi. 802, BN. Ill,
BA. 103, Ai. 928, Nh. 62, Nw. 25, Ni. 403, Ow. 42, Oh. 41,
Oi. 976, Ca. 1535.
Presented by Dr. P. H. Pye-Smith, 1877.
753. The skull of a Samoan : S ■
C. 501, L. 175, B. 141, Bi. 806, H. 141, Hi. 806, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 57, Nw. 25, Ni. 439, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1320.
Presented by Dr. P. FI. Pye-Smith, 1877.
242
POLYNESIA.
754. The skull o£ a native of the Tonga Islands : S ■
Brought, in 1859, from the island of Lifuka, one of the
Haapai group of the Tonga or Friendly Islands.
Metopic.
C. 508, L. 175, B. 148, Bi. 846, H. 133, Hi. 760, B^. 97,
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, m. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1450.
Purchased, 1877.
755. The cranium of a young native of the Tonga Islands : ? .
From the same locality as the last.
The basilar suture is open. All the permanent teeth have
been acquired, except the last molars.
C. 460, L. 155, B. 136, Bi. 877, H. 124, Hi. 800, BN. 83,
BA. 80, Ai. 964, Nh. 39, Nw. 19, Ni. 487, Ow. 32, Oh. 32,
Oi. 1000.
Purchased, 1877.
755 ^ The cranium of a Tonga Islander.
C. 505, L. 179, B. 142, Bi. 793, H. 151, Hi. 844, BN. 100,
BA. 101, Ai. 1010, Nh. 50, N^y. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 36, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1028, Ca. 1665.
Anthropol. Soc,
756. A mutilated cranium from one of the islands on the north
side of Tongatabu.
C. 483, L. 165, B. 138, Bi. 836, H. 139, Hi. 842, Ca, 1250.
Presented by Captain Sir Everard Home, Bart., R.N.
757. The skeleton of a male native of Nine, or Savage Island.
From a man who came to Hobart Town in a whaling-shii),
and died in the hospital of pneumonia.
The sternum is missing.
Height of skeleton 5 feet 5-2 inches = 1655.
Clavicle 139, humerus 323, radius 251, femur 448, tibia 373.
Cranium : C. 507, L. 173, B. 145, Bi. 838, H. 140, Hi. 809,
BN. 102, BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 53, Nw, 22, Ni. 415, Ow. 38,
Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1490.
Presented by Arthur Bingham Crowther, Esq., 1870.
757 ^ The skull of a male native of the South Sea Islands.
A seaman who died in the Dreadnought Hospital, Greenwich.
C. 512, L. 178, B. 143, Bi. 803, H. 14.5. Hi. 815, BN. 105,
BA. 113, Ai. 1076, Nh. 58, Nw. 23, Ni. 397, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1525.
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 1882.
CHATHAM ISLANDS.
245
758. The cranium of a young Moriori, or native of the Chatham
Islands : ? .
The basilar suture is not closed. All the permanent teeth,
except the last molar, have been acquired.
C. 482. L. 171, B. 135, Bi. 789, H. 127, Hi. 743, BN. 94,
Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, O^v^. 36, Oh. 35, Oi. 972.
Presented hy Dr. Julius von Haast, 1873.
759. The skull of a Moriori : $ .
Dug out of peat on Pitt Island, one of the smallest of the
group of the Chatham Islands.
C. 491, L. 175, B. 135, Bi. 771, H. 133, Hi. 760, BN. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1280.
Presented hy Anderson Critcliett, Esq., 1876.
760. The cranium of a Moriori, or native of the Chatham Islands.
Formerly in the museum of the Middlesex Hospital, to which
it was presented by Dr. H. Cooper Rose.
The basilar suture is not closed, though all the permanent
teeth have been in place ; the third molars (now lost) were pro-
bably not fully developed.
C. 513, L. 180, B. 137, Bi. 761, H. 135, Hi. 750, BN. 109,
B.A. 105, Ai. 963, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1470.
Received in exchange, 1879.
760^. The skull of a Moriori, from the Chatham Islands.
Collected by Mr. A. Shand : S •
C. 478, L. 167, B. 136, Bi. 814, H. 131, Hi. 784, BN. 99,
BA. 3 00, Ai. 1010, Nh. 56, Nw. 22, Ni. 393, Ow. 38, Oh. 38,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1275.
Received in exchange from the Auckland Museum, 1882.
760^. The skull of a young Moriori, collected in the Chatham
Islands by Mr. A. Shand.
The third molars are not in place.
C. 490, L. 175, B. 135, Bi. 771, H. 132, Hi. 754, BN. 100,
BA. 99, Ai. 990, Nh. 48, Nw. 2-=;, Ni. 521, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1450.
Received in exchange from the Auckland Museum, 1882.
b2
244
POLYNESIA.
The five following specimens were obtained in the Chatham
Islands by Dr. Peter Comrie, R.N., H.M.S. ' Dido,' in 1873.
The first was given by a medical man resident in the islands,
who had prepared it himself ; the other four are from an old
Moriori burial-ground near Waitangi.
761. The cranium of a Moriori, from the Chatham Islands: (J.
C. 503, L. 172, B. 143, Bi. 831, H. 140, Hi. 814, BN. 103,
BA. 99, Ai. 961, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
01. 897, Ca. 1430.
Purchased, 1879.
7G2. The skull of a Moriori, from the Chatham Islands : .
C. 527, L. 185, B. 147, Bi. 795, H. 134, Hi. 724, BN. 99,
BA. 101, Ai. 1020, Nh. 63, Nw. 26, Ni. 413, Ow. 41, Oh. 38,
Oi. 927, Ca. 1560.
Purchased, 1879.
7G3, The cranium of a Moriori, from the Chatham Islands: S •
The forehead is very retreating. The lambdoidal suture is
extremely complex ; and the upper part of the supraoccipital is
composed of numerous independent ossifications. There is a
"Wormian bone in the left side of the coronal suture. The
squamosals nearly meet the frontals on both sides.
C. 520, L. 185, B. 137, Bi. 741, H. 127, Hi. 686, BN. 97
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, Nh, 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 41, Oh. 38,
Oi. 927, Ca. 1390.
Purchased, 1879.
7G4. Tlie cranium of a Moriori, from the Chatham Islands : ^ .
C. 520, L. 185, B. 143, Bi. 773, H. 142, Hi. 768, BN. 105,
■ • BA. 106, Ai. 1010, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1450.
Purchased, 1879.
7ii5. The cranium of a Moriori^ from the Chatham Islands : ^ .
C. 490, L. 172, B. 134, Bi. 779, H. 128, Hi. 744, BN. 100,
BA. 105, Ai. 1050, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 39, Oh. 34',
Oi. 872, Ca. 1195.
Purchased, 1879.
CHATHAM ISLANDS.
2i5
The following two skeleton^, three skulls, and thirty-nine
crania, from 765^ to 765**, are from the Chatham Islands, and
were purchased in 1892.
765 ^ Articulated skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 134, Z. 133; humerus, 276; radius, r. 215, 1. 218;
femur, r. 390, I. 394 ; tibia, 309.
Cranium : C. 497, L. 175, B. 138, Bi. 789, H. 133, Hi. 760,
BK 102, BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 54, Nw. 27, Ni. 500, Ow. 41,
Oh. 35, Oi. 854, Ca. 1219.
765 2. Skeleton.
Clavicle, r. 144, 1, 146; humerus, r. 295,1. 294; radius, r. 211,
I. 213; femur, r. 409, I. 412 ; tibia, r. 321, I. 317.
Cranium: C. 525, L. 182, B. 151, Bi. 830, H. 135, Hi. 742,
BN. 107, BA. 104, Ai. 972, Nh. 58, Nw. 27, Ni. 466, Ow. 42,
Oh. 38, Oi. 906, Ca. 1415.
765 ^ Skull.
C. 520, L. 178, B. 149, Bi. 837, H. 140, Hi. 787, BN. 105,
Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1520.
765*. Skull.
C. 513, L. 180, B. 142, Bi. 789, H. 134, Hi. 744, BN. 105,
BA. 109, Ai, 1038, Nh. 56, Nw. 27, Ni. 482, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1485.
765 ^ Skull.
C. 503, L. 179, B. 139, Bi. 777, H. 131, Hi. 732, BN. 104,
BA. 106, Ai. 1019, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 42, Oh. 36,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1470.
765^. Craniuir.
C. 535, L. 190, B. 149, Bi. 784, H. 140, Hi. 737, BN. 104,
BA. 99, Ai. 952, Nh. 57, Nw. 28, Ni. 491, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1700.
765^. Cranium.
C. 530, L. 184, B. 148, Bi. 804, H. 137, Hi. 745, BN. 106,
Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Ni. 473, Ow. 41, Oh. 34, Oi. 839, Ca. 1590.
765 Cranium.
C. 500, L. 176, B. 140, Bi. 795, H. 132, Hi. 750, BN. 104,
Nh. 57, Nw. 26, Ni. 456, Ow. 42, Oh. 38, Oi. 905, Ca. 1350.
246
POLYNESIA.
765 ^ Cranium.
C. 504, L. 180, B. 133, Bi. 739, H. 134, Hi. 744, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 54, Nw. 27. Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1375.
765 Cranium.
External auditory meatus nearly closed by bony growths.
The sagittal suture has a crest-like elevation having a well-
defined shallow depression.
C. 517, L. 188, B. 135, Bi. 718, H. 139, Hi. 739, BN. 110,
Ca. 1437.
765 Cranium.
C. 490, L. ] 73, B. 135, Bi. 750, H. 131, Hi. 757, BN. 103,
Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 40, Oh. 38, Oi. 950, Ca. 1295.
765 Cranium.
Slight bony growth obstructing left meatus.
C. 495, L. 177, B. 139, Bi. 785, H. 139, Hi. 785, BN. 107,
BA. 103, Ai. 963, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow. 42, Oh. 37,
Oi. 881, Ca. 1425.
765 Cranium.
Bony obstruction in meatuses. Crest on occipital bone.
C. 521, L. 183, B. 142, Bi. 776, H. 131, Hi. 716, BN. 105,
BA. 103, Ai. 981, Nh. 61, Nw. 26, Ni. 426, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1505.
765^*. Cranium.
C. 525, L. 179, B. 147, Bi. 821, H. 135, Hi. 754, BN. 104,
BA. 103, Ai. 990, Nh. 58, Ow. 42, Oh. 39, Oi. 929, Ca. 1480.
765 Cranium.
C. 506, L. 177, B. 138, Bi. 780, H. 136, Hi. 768, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1410.
765 Cranium.
C. 510, L. 183, B. 137, Bi. 749, H. 138, Hi. 754, BN. 106,
BA. 102, Ai. 962, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875. Ca. 1455.
765 Cranium.
Paroccipitals (especially the left) are large. Two tubercles
on the basioccipital.
C. 5U5, L. 178, B. 144, Bi. 809, H. 131, Hi. 736, BN. 99,
BA. 93, Ai. 939, Nh. 59, Nw. 26, Ni. 441, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1440.
CHATHAM ISLANDS.
247
765 Cranium.
C. 515, L. 185, B. 141, Bi. 762, H. 140, Hi. 757, BN. Ill,
BA. 108, Ai. 973, Nh. 60, Nw. 25, Ni. 417, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1490.
765 Cranium.
C. 515, L. 183, B. 138, Bi. 754, H. 134, Hi. 732, BN. 113,
BA. 108, Ai. 956, Nh. 53, Nw. 29, Ni. 547, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ga. 1480.
765^. Cranium.
C. 523, L. 184, B. 145, Bi. 788, H. 140, Hi. 761, BN. 107,
BA. 101, Ai. 944, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1465.
765 Cranium.
Osseous growths in right meatus.
C. 516, L. 180, B, 140, Bi. 778, Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 509,
Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1440.
765^^. Cranium.
C. 515, L. 186, B. 141, Bi. 758, H. 142, Hi. 763, BN. 112,
BA. 106, Ai. 946, Nh. 60, Nw. 29, Ni. 483, Ow. 41, Oh. 39,
Oi. 951, Ca. 1570.
765 Cranium.
C. 497, L. 177, B. 132, Bi. 746, H. 131, Hi. 740, BN. 100,
Nh. 49, Nw. 28, Ni. 571, Ow. 39, Oh. 39, Oi. 1000, Ca. 1310.
765 2^ Cranium.
C. 512, L. 179, B. 144, Bi. 804, H. 138, Hi. .771, BN. 101,
BA. 102, Ai. 1010, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1500.
765^^. Cranium.
C. 525, L. 188, B. 138, Bi. 734, H. 141, Hi. 750, BN. 107,
BA. 100, Ai. 935, Nh. 56, Nw. 28, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1510.
765^''. Ci-anium.
C. 540, L. 190, B. 147, Bi. 774, H. 137, Hi. 721, BN. 106,
BA. 101, Ai. 953, Nh. 60, Nw. 24, Ni. 400, Ow. 40 ^ Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1672.
248
POLYNESIA.
765 Cranium.
C. 500, L. 177, B. 142, Bi. 802, H. 137, Hi. 774, BN. 104,
BA. 104, Ai. 1000, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 40, Oh. 39,
Oi. 975, Ca. 1430.
765^^. Cranium.
C. 525, L. 192, B. 141, Bi. 734, H. 136, Hi. 708, BN. 108,
BA. 107, Ai. 991, Nh. 59, Nw. 26, Ni. 441, Ow. 42, Oh. 37,
Oi. 881, Ca. 1465.
765 29. Cranium.
C. 545, L. 191, B. 151, Bi. 791, H. 143, Hi. 749, BN. 112,
BA. 104, Ai. 929, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 40, Oh. 39,
Oi. 975, Ca. 1710.
765^". Cranium.
C. 500, L. 178, B. 135, Bi. 758, H. 134, Hi. 753, BN. Ill,
BA. 114, Ai. 1027, Nh. 53, Nw. 29, Ni. 547, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1360.
765 Cranium.
C. 550, L. 196, B. 149, Bi. 760, H. 137, Hi. 699, BN. 109,
BA. 106, Ai. 972, Nh. 60, Nw. 25, Ni. 417, Ow. 40, Oh. 38.
Oi. 950, Ca. 1685.
765 Cranium. 2 .
C. 495, L. 174, B. 137, Bi. 787, H. 131, Hi. 753, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 42, Oh. 37,
Oi. 881, Ca. 1360.
765 Cranium. $ .
C. 482, L. 168, B. 134, Bi. 798, H. 131, Hi. 780, BN. 101.
Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 39, Oh. 38, Oi. 974, Ca. 1220.
765^^. Cranium. ?.
C. 505, L. 179, B. 139, Bi. 777, H. 131, Hi. 732, BN. 101,
Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 37, Oh. 33, Oi. 892, Ca. 1420.
765 2^ Cranium. ?.
C. 485. L. 173, B. 133, Bi. 769, H. 127, Hi. 734, BN. 98,
BA. 98, Ai. 1000, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1285.
CHATHAM ISLANDS.
249
765 Cranium.
The basilar suture is open.
C. 493, L. 173, B. 142, Bi. 821, H. 133, Hi. 769, BN. 105,
BA. 96, Ai. 914, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1465.
765 ^^ Apparently an adult cranium, but showing persistent
basilar suture with distortion oE the occipital bone and
an articular facet for the odontoid process.
C. 505, L. 172, B. 145, Bi. 843, H. 135, Hi. 785, BN. 105,
BA. 106, Ai. 1010, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 37.
765^^. Cranium of young.
C. 488, L. 172, B. 139. Bi. 808, H. 129, Hi. 750, BN. 92,
BA. 88, Ai. 957, Nh. 45, Nw. 25. Ni. 556, Ow. 34, Oh. 34,
Oi. 1000.
765^^. Cranium of young.
C. 515, L. 185, B. 141, Bi. 762, H. 126, Hi. 681, BN. 96,
BA. 90, Ai. 938, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Oh. 35.
765 Cranium of young.
C. 488, L. 173, B. 135, Bi. 780, H. 129, Hi. 746, BN. 92,
BA. 85, Ai. 924, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 34, Oh. 32,
Oi. 941.
765 Cranium.
C. 505, L. 179, B. 143, Bi. 799, H. 124, Hi. 693, BN. 99,
BA. 99, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946.
765*^. Mutilated cranium.
765*^. Mutilated cranium.
765 Mutilated cranium.
The following six skulls and crania were purchased in 1893.
765 Skull: c?.
C. 495, L. 174, B. 139, Bi. 799, H. 132, Hi. 759, BN. 99,
BA. 98, Ai. 990, Nh. 58, Nw. 25, Ni. 431, Ow. 42, Oh. 38,
Oi. 905, Ca. 1450.
250
POLYNESIA.
765 The skull of a Moriori from the Chatham Islands : c? •
C. 495, L. 175, B. 139, Bi. 794, H. 132, Hi. 754, BN. 99,
BA. 98, Ai. 990, Nh. 58, Nw. 25, Ni. 431, Ow. 42, Oh. 38,
Oi. 905, Ca. 1450.
765 *^ The skull of a Moriori from the Chatham Islands : S ■
C. 480, L. 165, B. 136, Bi. 824, H. 125, Hi. 758, BN. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 57, Nw. 23, Ni. 404, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1225.
765 The skull of a Moriori from the Chatham Islands : S •
C. 492, L. 173, B. 135, Bi. 780, H. 136, Hi. 786, BN. 105,
BA. 100, Ai. 952, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1375.
765 The cranium of a Moriori from the Chatham Islands.
C. 512, L. 181, B. 139, Bi. 768, H. 139, Hi. 768, BN. 108,
BA. 108, Ai. 1000, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1415.
765 Cranium.
G. 525, L. 190, B. 140, Bi. 737, H. 134, Hi. 705, BN. 101,
BA. 99, Ai. 980, Nh. 51, Nw. 22, Ni. 431, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1510.
766. The skull of a Maori, or native of New Zealand : S ■ O.C.
5389.
C. 525, L. 188, B. 142, Bi. 755, H. 142, Hi. 755, BN. 113,
BA. 106, Ai. 938, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni, 491, Ow. 41, Oh. 38,
Oi. 927, Ca. 1520.
f resented by Governor Farquhar, Governor of
the Mauritius, 1822.
The eight foUowiiig specimens are more or less mutilated at the base,
having been taken from heads preserved according to the native fashion ;
the height, therefore, cannot be given.
767. The skull of a Maori : S ■ 0. C. 5390.
There are but three lower incisor teeth. An interparietal
bone is divided from the supraoccipital by a very complex den-
tated transverse suture.
C. 538, L. 199, B. 143, Bi. 719, Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426,
Ow. 40, Oh. 32, Oi. 800, Ca. 1670.
Presented hij Thonms Ilohbs Scott, Esq., 1821.
NEW ZEALAND. 251
768. The skull of a Maori : . 0. C. 5391.
C. 510, L. 183, B. 139, Bi. 760, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455,
Ow. 41, Oh. 36, Oi. 878.
Presented hy Thomas Hohhs Scott, Esq., 1821.
769. The skull of a Maori : <^ . 0. C. 5392.
C. 505, L. 180, B. 138, Bi. 767, Nh. 61, Nw. 31, Ni. 508,
Ow. 42, Oh. 38, Oi. 905.
Presented hy Admiral Sir Thomas JBeresford, 1828.
770. The skull of a Maori : S. 0. C. 5393.
C. 530, L. 188,' B. 144, Bi. 766, Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Ni. 473,
Ow. 40, Oh. 36, Oi. 900.
Presented by Mrs. Maria Graham, 1824.
771. The skull of a Maori : ^ . 0. C. 5394.
C. 520, L. 186, B. 139, Bi. 747, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455,
Ow. 40, Oh. 37, Oi. 925.
Presented hy Rohert Keate, Esq., 1827.
772. The skull of a Maori : S ■ 0. C. 5395.
C. 528, L. 190, B. 138, Bi. 726, Nh. 57, Nw. 28, Ni. 491,
Ow. 39, Oh. 36, Oi. 923.
liunterian.
773. The much mutilated skull of a Maori : (J . 0. C. 5396.
The calvarial sutures are consolidated. The left mandibular
articulation has suffered severely from chronic rheumatic
arthritis.
C. 504, L. 175, B. 140, Bi. 800.
Hunterian.
TTA. The skull of a Maori : ? . 0. C. 5297.
C. 485, L. 179, B. 125, Bi. 698, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490,
Ow. 37, Oh. 33, Oi. 892.
PTunteiian.
774 ^ The skull of a Maori, taken from a decayed dried head.
The face had been completely tatooed. The hair (which
is preserved) is black and curly (not frizzly). The
specimen had been long in the Museum but with no
history attached to it.
C. 520, L. 185, B. 142, Bi. 768, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481,
Ow. 42, Oh. 33, Oi. 786.
252
POLYNESIA.
774^. The preserved head of a Maori,
Tatooed.
Sir JErasmus Wilson, 1883.
774^. The })reserved head of a Maori.
The forehead only is tatooed. The hair that remains is
black and stj aight.
jS^o history. In Aluseum before 1861.
774^. Skull of a Maori, from a cave near Auckland : c? •
Jour. Anthropol. Inst. vol. iii. p. 474.
C. 510, L. 185, B. 135, Bi. 730, H. 137, Hi. 741, BN. 100,
m. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 36, Oh. 33, Oi. 917, Ca. 1580.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 142.
The following twentj' specimens were found, with many others,
in some limestone caves between the Bay of Islands and Whan-
garei Harbour, North Island, New Zealand.
They were received in exchange from the Auckland Museum,
through the courtesy of the Curator, T. F. Cheeseman, Esq.,
1879 *.
775. The skull of a Maori : S ■
C. 530, L. 191, B. 138, Bi. 723, H. 142, Hi. 743, BN. 109,
BA. 101, Ai. 927, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1620.
deceived from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
77l). The cranium of a Maori: .
C. 539, L. 197, B. 139, Bi. 706, H. 145, Hi. 736, BN. 105,
BA. 104, Ai. 990, Nh. 57, Nw. 27, Ni. 474, Ow. 38, Oh. 38,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1710.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
777. The cranium of a Maori: ^ .
The squamosal just touches the frontal on the right side.
C. 530, L. 194, B. 136, Bi. 701, H. 141, Hi. 727, BN. 108,
BA. 108, Ai. 1000, Nh. 51, Nw. 28, Ni. 549, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1545.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
* Mr. Cheeseman writes : — "I have but little doubt that the crania belong
to the present race of Maoris. Some of those remarkable carved jade orna-
ments known by the Maoris as ' hei sikis ' were found when the cave first
became known to Europeans a few years ago, mixed with the bones in such
a manuer that it was evident that they were placed there with them."
NEW ZEALAND.
253
778. The cranium of a Maori : ^ .
C. 520, L. 187, B. 139, Bi. 743, H. 132, Hi. 70G, BX. 103,
BA. 102, Ai. 990, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1500.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
779. The cranium of a Maori : •
A transverse suture passes across the supraoccipital at the
iisual limit of the interparietal. The upper portion thus cut
off is divided symmetrically by vertical sutures into a central
and two lateral ossicles.
C. 520, L. 189, B. 139, Bi. 735, H. 139, Hi. 735, BX. 99,
BA. 96, Ai. 970, Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 509, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1610.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
780. The cranium of a Maori : S •
C. 500, L. 176, B. 136, Bi. 773, H. 143, Hi. 813, BN. 108,
BA. 103, Ai. 954, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1430.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
781. The cranium of a Maori : S -
C. 516, L. 188, B. 132, Bi. 702, H. 138, Hi. 734, BN. 105,
BA. 108, Ai. 1029, Nh. 45, Nw. 26, Ni. 578, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1450.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
782. The cranium of a Maori : S •
C. 498, L. 177, B. 128, Bi. 723, H. 136, Hi. 768, BN. 104,
BA. 104, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1280.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
783. The cranium of a Maori.
C. 527, L. 193, B. 131, Bi. 679, H. 140, Hi. 725, BN. 103,
BA. 103, Ai. 1000, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1480.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
784. The cranium of a Maori.
It has a broad Wormian ossicle in the posterior end of the
sagittal suture.
C. 532, L. 192, B. 142, Bi. 740, H. 145, Hi. 755, BN. 106,
BA. 105, Ai. 991, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1630.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
254
POLYNESIA.
785. The cranium of a Maori : $ .
There are numerous large Wormian bones in the lambdoidal
suture.
C. 522, L. 187, B. 138, Bi. 738, H. 133, Hi. 711, BN. 103,
BA. 98, Ai. 951, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1500.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
78(). The cranium of a Maori : 9 •
Though the largest cranium of the series, it presents all the
characteristics of the female sex.
C. 545, L. 198, B. 142, Bi. 717, H. 143, Hi. 722, BJi. 102,
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 60, Nw. 28, Ni. 467, Ow. 36, Oh. 37,
01. 1028, Ca. 1780.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
787. The cranium of a Maori : 9 .
There are numerous Wormian bones in the upper part of the
lambdoidal suture.
C. 517, L. 184, B. 142, Bi. 772, H. 137, Hi. 745, BN. 96,
BA. 94, Ai. 979, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1545.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
788. The cranium of a Maori.
C. 513, L. 185, B. 136, Bi. 735, H. 141, Hi. 762, BN. 103,
BA. 96, Ai. 932, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 39, Oh. 38,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1420.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
789. The skull of a Maori : ? .
C. 503, L. 181, B. 132, Bi. 729, H. 132, Hi. 729, BN. 98,
BA. 98, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 37, Oh, 36,
Oi. 973, Ca. 1400.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
790. The cranium of a Maori.
C. 494, L. 177, B. 134, Bi. 757, H. 135, Hi. 763, BN. 98,
BA. 94, Ai. 959, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1345.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
791. The cranium of a Maori : .
C. 498, L. 174, B. 137, Bi. 787, H. 126, Hi. 724, BN. 93,
BA. 98, Ai. 1054, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1275.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
NEW ZEALAND.
255
792. The cranium o£ a Maori.
All the permanent teeth are in place, though the posterior
molars would appear, from the condition of their sockets, not to
have been fully developed. The basilar suture is open ; but the
sagittal ia almost completely closed.
C. 516, L. 183, B. 144, Bi. 787, H. 136, Hi. 743, BN. 93,
BA. 89, Ai. 957, Nh. 46, Nw. 21, Ni. 457, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1580.
Received from the Auckland M\tseum, 1879.
793. The skull of a young Maori.
All the permanent teeth have been acquired, except the pos-
terior molars. The basilar suture is open.
C. 511, L. 187, B. 135, Bi. 722, H. 130, Hi. 695, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1460.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
794. The cranium of a Maori child.
The milk-teeth and the first permanent molars are in place.
C. 480, L. 177, B. 127, Bi. 718, H. 122, Hi. 689, BN. 85,
BA. 79, Ai. 929, Nh. 40, Nw. 20, Ni. 500, Ow. 31, Oh. 31,
Oi. 1000.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
795. Seven mandibles of Maoris from the same caves, sent with
the above crania, but not belonging to any of them.
Received from the Auckland Museum, 1879.
796. A skull of a female native of New Zealand. 0. C. 5398.
C. 505, L. 183, B. 132, Bi. 721, H. 132, Hi. 72, Nh. 49,
Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi. 919, Ca. 1230.
Presented hy the Hon. William Martin,
Chief Justice of Neiv Zealand.
796 ^ The skull of a Maori : ? .
" Obtained about or before the year 1868 in a sand mound in
the neighbourhood of Christchurch, and is no doubt a Maori
specimen of unmixed descent, and had been for a long period
in the position in which it was found.
" At the above-named date there were but very few existing
Maories in the Middle Island." {Letter of Donor.)
Much alveolar disease and rheumatic arthritis of condyles.
C. 495, L. 181, B. 135, Bi. 746, H. 1 33, Hi. 735, BN. 100,
Nh. 47, Ow. 38, Oh. 37, Oi. 974, Ca. 1290.
Presented by George Carrick Steet, Esq., 1880.
256
POLYNESIA.
796 ^. The cranium of a Maori : .
This and the next were obtained in New Zealand by
Mr. Xirkpatricit Howard.
The left paroccipital is greatly elongated.
C. 494, L. 175, B. 135, Bi. 771. H. 143, Hi. 817, BN. 105,
BA. 102, Ai. 971, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Oh. 34, Ca. 1460.
Presented hy Frank Buckland, Esq., 1880.
796 ^. The cranium o£ a Maori : (J .
C. 518, L. 179, B. 141, Bi. 788, H. 138, Hi. 771, BX. 101,
Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1530.
Presented by Frank Buckland, Esq., 1880.
796^. The skull of a Maori , with the teeth much worn.
Remarkably high ascending ramus of lower jaw.
From an old burial ground in Otea or Great Barrier Island,
Auckland.
C. 528, L. 193, B. 140, Bi. 725, H. 138, Hi. 715, BN. 103,
BA, 105, Ai. 1019, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875.
Purchased, 1880.
797. The cranium of a young native of New Zealand : J* .
Brought to England by Sir J. D. Hooker.
The basilar suture is not united ; but the third molars are in
place.
C. 518, L. 190, B. 132, Bi. 695, H. 144, Hi. 758, BN. 100,
BA. 99, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1864.
797 ^ The cranium of a New Zealander.
C. 483, L. 172, B. 133, Bi. 773, H. 131, Hi. 762, BN. 100,
BA. 99, Ai. 990, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1310.
Antltropol. Soc, No. 199.
797 ^. The cranium of a New Zealander (mutilated) : •
C. 517, L. 185, B. 135, Bi. 730, H. 135, Hi. 730, BN. 107,
BA. 106, Ai. 991, Nh. 51, Nw. 30, Ni. 588, Ow. 42, Oh. 34,
Oi. 810, Ca. 1485.
AnthropoL Soc, No. 203.
NEW ZEALAND — MARQUESAS ISLANDS.
257
798. A cranium from the South Pacific, supposed to be from
New Zealand.
Except for its very large size, the general characters are
feminine. It resembles several of the supposed female crania
of the Auckland-Museum series, especially No. 786.
C. 551, L. 199, B. 143, Bi, 719, H. 140, Hi. 704, BN. 110,
Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 40, Oh. 35, Oi. 875, Ca. 1625.
Presented hj Sir Joseph D. Hooker, K.C.S.L, 1866.
799. A cranium from the South Pacific, supposed to be from
New Zealand : .
C. 516, L. 186, B. 134, Bi. 720, H. 134, Hi. 720, BN. 106,
Bl. 107, Ai. 1009, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1350.
Presented by Sir Joseph D. Hooker, K.C.S.L, 1866.
800. The articulated skeleton of a male native of Tahiti.
O.C. 5386.
Prepared from a man named Tera Poo, who died in tho
London Hospital of phthisis, June 1816. Three specimens of
tattooed skiu from the same individual are preserved in the
Physiological Series, Nos. 1866, c, b, e.
The third left rib is bifurcated at its sternal extremity ; but
the cartilages continued from its divisions converge and unite to
form a single articulation with the sternum at the usual place.
Height of skeleton 5 feet 7*1 inches = 1705.
Clavicle 157, humerus 319, radius 266, femur 462, tibia 378.
Cranium: C. 498, L, 176, B. 137, Bi. 778, H. 141, Hi. 801,
BN. 105, BA. 106, Ai. 1010, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 40,
Oh. 36, Oi. 900, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy Sir William Blizard, 1816.
800 ^ A cranium from the Marquesas Islands.
C. 520, L. 175, B. 151, Bi. 863, H. 137, Hi. 783, BN. 106,
BA. 109, Ai. 1028, Nh. 54, Nw. 27, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1650.
800^. A cranium from the same locality.
C. 495, L. 172, B. 138, Bi. 802, H. 137, Hi. 797, BN. 101,
BA. 100, Ai. 990, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1385.
800 ^. A cranium from the same locality.
C. 500, L. 179, B. 130, Bi. 726, Nh. 53, Nw. 28, Ni. 528,
Ow. 37, Oh. 34, Oi. 919.
s
258
POLYNESIA.
The four following skulls of ancient inhabitants of the Sand-
wich Islands were taken by Mr. Greenwell from a cave in the
side of a hill in the district of Cona, island of Hawaii (Owyhee),
•within a few miles of the spot where Captain Cook was killed,
801. A skull from a cave in Hawaii : J".
C. 515, L. 190, B. 131, Bi. 689, H. 144, Hi. 758, BN. 113,
BA. 109, Ai. 965, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1350.
Presented by Dr. Henry Hunt, 1866.
802. A cranium from a cave in Hawaii : J .
C. 520, L. 175, B. 150, Bi. 857, H. 151, Hi. 863, BN. 106,
BA. 103, Ai. 972, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1550.
Presented by Dr. Henry Hunt, 1866.
803. A cranium from a cave in Hawaii : J' .
The frontal region is much depressed,
C. 500, L. 175, B. 143, Bi. 817, H. 134, Hi. 766, BN. 102,
BA. 103, Ai. 1010, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1350,
Presented by Dr. Henry Hunt, 1866,
804. A cranium from a cave in Hawaii : ? .
C. 490, L. 181, B. 130, Bi. 718, H. 135, Hi. 746, BN. 98,
EA. 98, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1250.
Presented by Dr. Henry Hunt, 1866.
804 ^. The skull of a male from Hawaii.
C. 500, L. 175, B. 140, Bi. 800, H. 133, Hi. 760, BN. 104,
BA. 100, Ai. 962, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 37, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1475.
Purchased, 1894.
805. The cranium of a native of the Sandwich Islands : S •
0. C, 5387.
The supraoibital, supramastoid, occipital, and other ridges for
muscular attachments are greatly developed.
C. 530, L. 185, B. 148, Bi. 800, H. 140, Hi. 757, BN. 11],
BA. Ill, Ai. 1000, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
01. 872, Ca. 1475.
Presented ]>y B. Travers, Esq., Jun,, 1849.
AMERICA.
259
805 ^ The skull of a Sandwich Islander.
C. 482, L. 163, B. 142, Bi. 871, H. 136, Hi. 834, BN. 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, M. 490, Ow. 31, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1425.
AntJiropol. Soc.
806. A cranium from Easter Island.
C. 510, L. 188, B. 130, Bi. 691, H. 137, Hi. 729, B^. 106,
BA. 106, Ai. 1000, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1325.
Presented hij Professor Huxley, 1879.
5. AMERICA.
A. Eskimo.
807. The skull of an Eskimo from Greenland : . 0. C. 5479.
C. 524, L. 188, B. 134, Bi. 713, H. 147, Hi. 782, BN. Ill,
BA. 109, Ai. 982, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 41, Oh. 38,
Oi. 927, Ca. 1580.
Purchased, 1843.
808. The skull of an Eskimo from Greenland : ^ . 0. C. 5480.
C. 525, L. 190, B. 134, Bi. 705, H. 139, Hi. 732, BN. 109,
BA. 106, Ai. 972, Nh. 61, Nw. 23, Ni. 377, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1510.
Purchased, 1813.
809. The cranium of an Eskimo from Greenland : J . 0. i).
5481 & 5764.
There is a Wormian bone at the anterior extremity of the
sagittal suture.
C. 534, L. 193, B. 138, Bi. 715, H. 150, Hi. 777, BN. 117,
BA. 110, Ai. 940, Nh. 61, Nw. 25, Ni. 410, Ow. 43, Oh. 37,
Oi. 860, Ca. 1630.
Purchased, 1843.
810. The cranium of an Eskimo from Greenland : c? . 0. C.
5882.
The basilar suture is not completely united. The right upper
third molar has been acquired ; the left is absent.
C. 517, L. 189, B. 125, Bi. 661, H. 145, Hi. 767, BN. 112,
BA. 112, Ai. 1000, Nh. 59, Nw. 25, Ni. 424, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1400.
Purchased, 1843.
s2
260
AMERICA.
811. The cranium of an Eskimo : $ .
Obtained by the donor from a native grave in the district of
Egedesminde, North Greenland, July 1875.
There is complete synostosis of the sagittal suture, although
traces of the basilar suture are still present.
C. 510, L. 178, B. 140, Bi. 787, H. 128, Hi. 719, BN. 94,
BA. 97, Ai. 1032, jSTh. 47, Nw. 22, M. 468, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1510.
Presented hy Capt. H. W. Feilden, R.A., 1877.
The twelve following specimens were taken from a burial-place
in a deserted settlement on the island of Upernavik, North
Greenland, by Arthur C. Horner, Esq., Surgeon to Captain
Sir Allen Young's yacht ' Pandora,' during the cruise of that
vessel in the summer of 1876.
812. The skull of an Eskimo from Upernavik : S •
C. 558, L. 208, B. 143, Bi. 688, H. 144, Hi. 692, BN. 108,
BA. 113, Ai. 1046, Nh. 56, Nw. 24, Ni. 429, Ow. 42, Oh. 38,
Oi. 905, Ca. 1700.
Presented hy Sir Allen Founy, 1877.
813. The skull o£ an Eskimo from Upernavik : J' .
C. 529, L. 193, B. 133, Bi. 689, H. 143, Hi. 741, BN. 107,
BA. 105, Ai. 981, Nh. 58, Nw. 24, Ni. 414, Ow. 41, Oh. 39,
Oi. 951, Ca. 1550.
Presented hy Sir Allen Young, 1877.
814. The skull of an Eskimo from Upernavik : S •
C. 522, L. 186, B. 139, Bi. 747, H. 133, Hi. 715, BN. 97,
BA. 100, Ai. 1031, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1460.
Presented hy Sir Allen Young, 1877.
815. The cranium of an Eskimo from Upernavik : S •
C. 530, L. 190, B. 139, Bi. 732, H. 145, Hi. 763, BN. 105,
BA. 113, Ai. 1076, Nh. 60, Nw. 25, Ni. 417, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1570.
Presented hy Sir Allen Young, 1877.
816. The cranium of an Eskimo from Upernavik : ^ .
There are two large symmetrical distinct ossifications in the
upper part of the supraoccipital, forming a double " epactal."
C. 514, L. 190, B. 128, Bi. 674, H. 139, Hi. 732, BN. 106,
BA. 105, Ai. 991, Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 42, Oh. 37,
Oi. 881, Ca. 1460.
Presented hy Sir Allen Yonng, 1877.
ESKIMO.
261
817. The skull of an Eskimo from Upernavik : ^ .
C. 543, L. 200, B. 140, Bi. 700, H. 142, Hi. 712, BN". 99,
BA. 99, Ai. 1000, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1710.
Presented hy Sir Allen Young, 1877.
818. The cranium of an Eskimo from Upernavik : .
C. 532, L. 189, B. 142, Bi. 751, H. 135, Hi. 714, BN. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1570.
Presented by Sir Allen Young, 1877.
819. The skull o£ an Eskimo from Upernavik : ? .
C. 493, L. 178, B. 128, Bi. 719, H. 135, Hi. 758, BN. 102,
BA. 104, Ai. 1020, Nh. 49, Nw. 20, Ni. 408, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1290.
Presented by Sir Allen Young, 1877.
820. A mutilated and weatherworn skull of an Eskimo from
Upernavik,
C. 512, L. 183, B. 138, Bi. 754, H. 132, Hi. 721.
Presented by Sir Allen Young, 1877.
821. The lower jaw of an Eskimo from Upernavik.
Presented by Sir Allen Young, 1877.
822. The lower jaw of an Eskimo from Upernavik.
Presented by Sir Allen Young, 1877.
823. The facial portion of the skull (frontal, maxillaries, and
mandible) of an Eskimo child from Upernavik.
The milk-dentition is in place. The frontals are completely
united and unsymmetrically distorted.
Presented by Sir Allen Young, 1877.
824. The cranium of an Eskimo from Wolstenholme Sound,
North Greenland : S . 0. G. 5477.
Taken from a burial-ground at Wolstenholme Sound by
James Donnet, Esq., Surgeon R.N.
The atlas is ankylosed to the occipital condyles.
C. 538, L. 195, B. 140, Bi. 718, H. 142, Hi. 728, BN. 105,
BA. 103, Ai. 981, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1730.
Presented by Archibald Gilchrist, Esq., Surgeon R.N., 1852.
262
America;
825. The cranium of an Eskimo from Wolstenholme Sound : (? .
Found at a native settlement called Naksaksua, in Wolsten-
holme Sound.
C. 531, L. 194, B. 141, Bi. 727, H. 143, Hi. 737, BX. Ill,
BA. 112, Ai. 1009, Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1430.
Presented by Admiral Sir Erasmus Ommamiey, 1852.
826. The skull oE an Eskimo from Whale Sound: ? .
Obtained, August 29th, 1876, by Arthur C. Horner, Esq.,
Surgeon to Sir Allen Young's yacht ' Pandora,' from a burial-
place at an Eskimo settlement called Netlek, in Baden Bay,
Whale Sound, at the extreme north of Baffin's Bay, almost the
furthest point inhabited by man. The body was wrapped ia
walrus-skin.
The basilar suture has but recently united ; and the third
molars are not in place.
C. 481, L. 169, B. 132, Bi. 781, H. 134, Hi. 793, BN. 104,
BA. 97, Ai. 933, Nh. 49, Nw. 21, Ni. 429, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1230.
Presented hy Sir Alien Young, 1877.
827. The mutilated and weatherworn cranium of an Eskimo.
0. C. 5483.
Pound in 1818 in a tumulus on a promontory or headland
called by the natives Sichilik, on the north-west coast of
Greenland.
C. 505, L. 183, B. 132, Bi. 721, H. 131, Hi. 716.
Presented hy Alexander Fisher, Esq., Surgeon R.N., of
H.M.S. ''Alexander' {Captain Parry), Ross's
First Expedition, 1819.
828. The cranium of an Eskimo : 9 . 0. C. 5474.
Probably from Melville Peninsula.
C. 488, L. 175, B. 134, Bi. 766, H. 125, Hi. 714, BN. ICO,
BA. 110, Ai. 1100, Nh. 49, Nw. 21, Ni. 429, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
01. 8G8, Ca. 1285.
Presented hy Admiral Sir Edward Parry, 1823.
829. The cranium of an Eskimo : ? . 0. 0. 5475.
Probably from Melville Peninsula.
C. 511, L. 185, B. 137, Bi. 741, H. 137, Hi. 741, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 42, Oh. 34,
Oi. 810, Ca. 1440.
Presented hy Admiral Sir Edward Parry, 1823.
ESKIMO.
2C3
830. The mutilated and weatherworn cranium oE an Eskimo,:
c?. 0. C. 5476.
Probably from Melville Peninsula.
C. 545, L. 201, B. 135, Bi. 672, H. 145, Hi. 721.
Presented hy Admiral Sir Edward Parry, 1823.
831. The skull of an Eskimo from Pond's Bay, west coast of
Baffin's Bay : S •
C. 492, L. 175, B. 133, Bi. 760, H. 134, Hi. 706, BN. 97,
BA. 95, Ai. 978, Nh. 52, Nw. 21, Ni. 404, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi, 895, Ca. 1230.
Presented by Admiral Sir Edward Belcher, 1855.
832. The skull of an Eskimo from Port Dundas, Lancaster,
Sound, N. lat. 74° 20', W. long. 81° 50' : <J .
C. 522, L. 187, B. 138, Bi. 738, H. 137, Hi. 733, BN. 104,
BA. 107, Ai. 1021, Nh. 54, Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1630.
Presented by Lieut. Elliott, R.JS^., 1854.
833. The cranium of an Eskimo from the same locality : 9 .
C. 498, L. 183, B. 128, Bi. 699, H. 138, Hi. 754, BN. 102,
BA. 101, Ai. 990, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1310.
Presented by Lieid. Elliott, R.N., 1854.
834. The articulated skeleton of a male Eskimo. 0. C 5442
to 5472 *.
Many of the bones of the hands and feet are missing.
There are eighteen dorso-lumbar vertebrje, one being in-
termediate between the dorsal and lumbar series in position
and characters. It appears to have borne a small pair of ribs
(now missing) on the transverse processes, but not articulating
with the body.
Height of skeleton 5 feet 0-8 inch = 1545.
Clavicle 152 ; humerus, r. 294, I. 288 ; radius, r. 208,
I. 208 ; femur, r. 425, I. 431 ; tibia, r. 333, I. 336.
Cranium : C. 531, L. 193, B. 137, Bi. 710, H. 139, Hi. 720,
BN. 1U7, BA. 108, Ai. 1009, Nh. 55, Nw. 22, Ni. 400, Ow. 40,
Oh. 37, Oi. 925, Ca. 1610.
Presented hy Admiral Sir James C. Pass.
* In a manuscript note to one of the Catalogues it is stated that this and
the two following are from Boothia ; but the authority for the statement is
not given. They were in the Museum before 1841, as they are included in
tbe list of skeletons in the store-room printed in that year.
264
AMERICA.
835. The articulated skeleton of a female Eskimo. (Skull,
O.C. 5473.)
This skeleton has also eighteen dorso-lumbar vertebra.
The right femur and most of the bones of the hands and feet
are missing.
Height of skeleton 4 feet 6-1 inches = 1373.
Clavicle, r. and I. 129 ; humerus, r. 281, I. 274 ; radius,
r. 202, I. 197 ; femur, I. 390 ; tibia, r. 305, I. 306.
Cranium: C. 502, L. 183, B. 129, Bi. 705, H. 130, Hi. 710,
BN. 96, BA. 100, Ai. 1042, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 39,
Oh, 32, Oi. 821, Ca. 1330.
Presented hj Admiral Sir James C. Ross.
836. The imperfect skeleton of a male Eskimo, (Crauium,
0. C, 5478 & 5758.)
It has the normal number of vertebroe. The right femur is
missing.
Clavicle 150 ; humerus, r. 310, I. 304 ; radius, r. 222, 1. 223;
femur, I. 443 ; tibia, r. 326, I. 324.
Cranium: C. 522, L. 191, B. 133, Bi. 696, H. 140, Hi. 733,
m. 109, BA. 108, Ai. 991, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 40,
Oh. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1510.
Presented by Admiral Sir James C. Ross.
836^. The cranium (much vi'eathered) of an Eskimo female,
locality unknown, but " brought by the late Captain
Gurney Cressvvell of H.M.S. 'Investigator' from the
Arctic Regions," Maolure's Expedition in 1848.
C. 522, L. 190, B. 136, Bi. 716, H. 136, Hi. 716, BN. 101,
BA. 104, Ai, 1030, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
01, 850,
Presented hy Dr. John Lowe (of Lynn), 1883.
B, West Coast of North America,
837. The cranium of a " Flat-hoad " Indian from the banks of
the Columbia River, artificially deformed by fronto-
occipital comijression in infancy, producing antero-
posterior shortening and great lateral expansion : S ■
O.C, 5410.
It is metopic, though the sagittal and the lower cuds of the
coronal sutures are obliterated. Au epactal bone is separated
from the supraoccipital by a very complex denticulated suture.
WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
2G5
C. 543, L. 165, B. 183, Bi. 1109, H. 131, Hi. 794, BN. 100,
BA. 108, Ai. 1080, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1650.
Purchased.
838. The cranium of a "Flat-head" Indian from Columbia
River, similarly deformed \ S . 0. C. 5411.
There is a small Wormian bone on each side of the coronal
suture, and traces of a large epactal iu the supraoccipital.
C. 547, L. 173, B. 163, Bi. 942, H. 134, Hi. 775, BN. 99,
BA. 109, Ai. 1101, Nh. 51, Nw. 27, Ni. 529, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1600.
Purchased from Dr. Vesalius Pettigreio, 1853.
839. The skull of a female infant from Columbia River, who had
died during the process of flattening. 0. C. 5412.
"The deciduous incisors have cut the gum ; not the deciduous
canines or molars. The elements of the occipital are ununited.
The supraoccipital is expanded, almost flattened, and pushed
unsymmetrically to the left side, by the pressure of the lower
flattening-board, which has also flattened the lower part of the
right parietal. The effect of the upper flattening-board is more
remarkably shown upon the frontals and contiguous parts of
the parietals; the sutures are linear, and the great fontaneUe is
widely open ; the compressed brain has pushed forwards the
orbital plates of the sphenoids and frontals, and must have
caused the eyeballs to protrude frightfully ; the lower border
of the orbits is much advanced beyond the upper one. The
maxiUo-premaxillary suture remains on the palate and in front
of the nasal cavity. The nasals, molars, and right exoccipital
are wanting." 0. C. p. 843.
C. 46, L. 137, B. 147, Bi. 1073, H. 89, Hi. 650.
Purchased from Dr. Vesalius Peitigrew, 1853.
840. The cranium of a young " Flat-head " Indian from Co-
lumbia River, artificially deformed by fronto-occipital
compression, with great and unsymmetrical lateral
bulging ; cJ ? 0. C. 5409.
The basilar suture is not united, though the third molars have
been acquired.
C. 527, L. 152, B. 182, Bi. 1197, H. 135, Hi. 888, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1670.
Purchased.
266
AMERICA.
841. The cranium o£ a " Flat-head " or Chenook Indian from
the Columbia River, artificially deformed by fronto-
occipital pressure : ^ .
The squamosals almost meet the frontal on both sides. There
are Wormian bones in both sides of the coronal suture.
C. 540, L. 1G8, B. 163, Bi. 970, H. 130, Hi. 774, BN. 90,
BA, 97, Ai. 1078, Nh. 57, Nw. 23, Ni. 404, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1580.
Presented hy Owen Rees, Esq., 18G8.
842. The cranium of a " Flat-head" Indian from the banks of
the Columbia River, artificially deformed by fronto-
occipital pressure : 9 • 0. C. 5407.
There are Wormian bones on both sides of the coronal
suture.
C. 480, L. 140, B. 153, Bi. 1093, H. 122, Hi. 871, m. 87,
BA. 95, Ai. 1092, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1130.
Astley Cooper Collection. Purchased, 1843.
842 ^. The cranium of a " Flat-head " from Columbia River,
200 miles from its mouth, British Columbia (Jour.
Anthropol. Inst., vol. iii. pp. 32G-329).
C. 495, L. 154, B. 153, Bi. 994, H. 116, Hi. 753, BN. 97,
BA. 109, Ai. 1124, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875.
Anthropol. Soc.
842 2. The cranium of a " Flat-head " from Mameluke Island.
C. 485, L. 186, B. 148, Bi. 949, H. 128, Hi. 821, BN. 105,
BA. 108, Ai. 1029, Nh. 59, Nw. 25, Ni. 424, Ow. 42, Oh. 39,
Oi. 929.
Antliropol. Soc.
843. The skull of a " Flat-head " Indian from Coffin Island,
Columbia River, artificially deformed by fronto-occipital
pressure : ? . 0. C. 5408.
It has a large, irregular, vertically-divided " epactal."
C. 495, L. 15.5, B 153, Bi. 987,' H. 130, Hi. 839, BN. 9.5,
BA. 93, Ai. 979, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 10, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1320.
Presented hy Admiral Sir E. Belcher, 1842.
WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
2G7
843 ^ The cranium of an Indian, deformed by fronto-occipital
pressure : ? .
Pound by Lieut. Darreh, U.E., while engaged in surveying
the boundary between British Columbia and Washington Ter-
ritory about 1860.
0. 485, L. 146, B. 162, Bi. 1110, H. 126, Hi. 863, BjST. 95,
BA. 93, Ai. 979, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1375.
Presented hy the Rev. Canon Wenliam, 1879.
843 ^. The cranium of an Indian, artificially deformed by
fronto-occipital pressure.
C. 525, L. 170, B. 167, Bi. 982, H. 128, Hi. 753, BN. 97,
BA. 89, Ai. 918, Nh. 59, Nw. 22, Ni. 373, Ow. 41, Oh. 38,
Oi. 927, Ca. 1465.
843^. The cranium of an Indian, very slightly deformed.
C. 558, L. 196, B. 157, Bi. 801, H. 130, Hi. 663, BN. 102,
BA. 108, Ai. 1059, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1830.
This and the preceding are from the West Coast of North
America, and were obtained by Fleetwood Sanderson, Esq.
Received in exchange from the Christy Collection, 1880.
843 The cranium of an Indian from Vancouver's Island, of
the Comox Tribe, Port Augusta : ? .
C. 472, L. 161, B. 134, Bi. 832, H. 124, Hi. 770, BN. 97,
BA. 96, Ai. 990, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 36, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1300.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 90.
844. The cranium of an Indian from Vancouver's Island,
artificially deformed by fronto-occipital pressure : ? .
The atlas is ankylosed to the base of the skull.
C. 495, L. 153, B. 155, Bi. 1013, H. 120, Hi. 784, BN. 94,
BA. 100, Ai. 1064, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1305.
Presented hy Br. J. T. Caddy, Surgeon R.N., 18G1.
845. The cranium of an Indian from Vancouver's Island,
artificially but very unsymmetiically deformed : .
C. 520, L. 170, B. 156, Bi. 918, H. 125, Hi. 735, BN. 98,
BA. 103, Ai. 1051, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1530.
Presented by Br. J. T. Caddy, Surgeon R.N., 18G1.
268
ASI ERICA.
84G. The deformed cranium of an Indian from Vancouver's
Island : S ■
This differs from all the foregoing, inasmuch as the occipital
region has retained its normal shape, the evidence of pressure
being confined to the frontal region. It has epipterics on both
sides, and a distinct " interparietal."
C. 520, L. 170, B. 156, Bi. 918, H. 125, Hi. 735, BJf. 107,
BA. 113, Ai. 1056, Nh. 51, N"w. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 42, Oh. 37,
Oi. 881, Ca. 1510.
Presented hy Dr. J. T. Caddy, Surgeon 1861.
846 ^. The cranium of an Indian from Vancouver's Island : ^ .
C. 485, L. 165, B. 147, Bi. 891, H. 135, Hi. 818, Nh. 50,
Ww. 25, Ni, 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 37, Oi. 949, Ca. 1400.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 88.
846^. The cranium of an Indian from Vancouver's Island : .
C. 530, L. 181, B. 146, Bi. 807, H. 135, Hi. 746, BN. 107,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1037, Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Ni. 473, Ow. 42, Oh. 36,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1710.
Antliropol. Svc, No. 89.
847. A skull from an Indian grave at Sook Hnrbonr, Vancouver's
Island, with the frontal region artificially depressed : •
There are small Wormian bones on both sides of the coronal
suture.
C. 530, L. 172, B. 166, Bi. 965, H. 127, Hi. 738, BN. 97,
BA. 103, Ai. 1062, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 41, Oh. 39,
Oi. 951, Ca. 1560.
Purchased, 1870.
848. A similarly flattened skull from Sook Harbour, Van-
couver's Island : .
C. 512, L, 167, B. 160, Bi. 958, H. 127, Hi. 760, BN. 100,
BA. 107, Ai. 1070, Nh. 57, Nw. 26, Ni. 456, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1400.
Piirclmsed, 1870.
849. A flattened skull from Sook Harbour, Vancouver's
Island: c? •
C. 508, L. 162, B. 159, Bi. 981, H. 130, Hi. 802, BN. 105,
BA. 105, Ai. 1000, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1475.
Purchased, 1870.
WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
269
850. A flattened skull from Sook Harbour, Vancouver's
Island.
C. 520, L. 170, B. 160, Bi. 941, H. 130, Hi. 765, BX. 99,
BA. 95, Ai. 960, Nh. 4S, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1500.
Purchased, 1879.
851. A flattened skull from Sook Harbour, Vancouver's
Island : ? .
C. 510, L. 169, B. 155, Bi. 917, H. 126, Hi. 746, m. 99,
BA. 103, Ai. 1040, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1330.
Purchased, 1879.
852. A flattened skull from Sook Harbour, Vancouver's
Island : ? .
C. 498, L. 158, B. 156, Bi. 987, H. 126, Hi. 797, BN. 96,
Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 43, Oh. 38, Oi. 884, Ca. 1295.
Purchased, 1879.
852 ^ The skull of a male Indian from Vancouver's Island,
mutilated.
Dug out of an earth and stone cavern near Cadbors Bay,
three miles from Victoria, by Mr. McKay. See letter in note-
book, December 3rd, 1879.
Presented by Dr. W. Cheadle.
852 ^. The cranium of an Indian from Vancouver's Island : J .
Mutilated and much weatherworn. Artificially deformed by
frontal aud occipital pressure.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 86.
852 ^. The cranium of an Indian from Vancouver's Island : 9 .
C. 480, L. 153, B. 151, Bi. 987, H. 119, Hi. 778, BN. 92,
BA. 94, Ai. 1022, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 38, Oh. .35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1390.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 87.
853. The artificially deformed cranium of an Indian of the
Quamichan tribe, residing near Cowichan, on the east
coast of Vancouver's Island : $ .
Collected in 1809 by F. Dally, D.D.S.
The forehead is depressed, the occiput flattened, the parietals
270
AMERICA.
laterally expanded, and there is a circular constriction behind
the coronal suture.
C. 470, L. 152, B. 152, Bi. 1000, H. 129, Hi. 849, BN. 92,
BA. 94, Ai. 1022, Nh. 49, Nw. 21, Ni. 429, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi, 919, Ca. 1220.
Purchased, 1879.
854. The cranium o£ an Indian boy of tlie Quamichan tribo,
inhabiting the Cowichan valley, on the east coast o£
Vancouver's Island.
Collected in 1869 by F. Dally, D.D.S.
It has not been depressed, but perhaps slightly elongated by
circular constriction, as seen in a more marked degree in the
following specimen. The permanent incisors and the first
permanent molars have been acquired, but both milk-molars
are still in place.
C. 473, L. 1C9, B. 124, Bi. 734, H. 123, Hi. 728, BN. 90,
EA. 93, Ai. 1033, Nh. 42, :Sw. 22, Ni. 524, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889.
Purchased, 1879.
855. The skull o£ an Indian of the Chenook tribe, inhabiting
the banks of the Columbia River at its outlet into the
Pacific : c? . 0. C. 5413.
It has been artificially elongated during infancy by the
application of constricting bandages, which have produced a
transverse depression immediately behind the coronal suture.
The squamosals almost meet the frontals. There are two
small epipterics on the right side ; and there are small
Wormian bones in the coronal suture.
C. 525, L. 186, B. 140, Bi. 753, H. 140, Hi. 753, BN. 109,
BA. 114, Ai. 1046, Nh. 57, Nw. 25, Ni. 439, Ow. 42, Oh. 37,
Oi. 881, Ca. 1025.
Presented hij Frederick Ti/rrell, Esq.
856. The skull of a Koskeemo Indian, a small tribe inhabiting
the shores of the Quatsino Sound, north-west coast of
Vancouver's Island.
It has been artificially elongated by the same process as the
last, but to a very remarkable degree. There is a distinct
interparietal bone.
This skull presents all the characteristics of the male sex, and
is of middle age, as is shown by the partial consolidation of the
WEST COAST OF NORTH AMERICA.
271
calvarial sutures. It is, however, stated by Mr. Robert Brown
(who obtained it in Vancouver's Island in 1866) that this form
of distortion is only practised upon the females of the tribe,
and that this particular skull is that of the girl figured at
p. 277 of Mayne's Tour Years in British Columbia' (1862).
C. 560, L, 208, B. 132, Bi. 635, H. 141, Hi. 678, BN. 102,
BA. 105, Ai. 1029, Nh. 57, Nw. 24, Ni. 421, Ow. 40, Oh. 42,
Oi. 1050, Ca. 1630.
Purchased, 18G8.
857. The skull and innominate bones of a Sheshaalit-Indian
slave woman.
" Obtained by Mr. Robert Brown, in 1866, on Observatory
Island, Stamps Harbour, Albeini Canal, Vancouver's Island.
On account of her servile birth, her head had not been
distorted."
The basilar suture has but recently united ; and the last
molars are not in place.
C. 497, L. 177, B. 137, Bi. 774, H. 133, Hi. 751, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1330.
Purchased, 18G8.
857^ The skull of a young Indian, artificially deformed.
The description reads : — " Aht Indian. Treshaht or Oput-
chesart Bands. Centre of skull depressed by head bandages
in infancy. Vancouver Island."
Pi'esented hy A. W. Mayo Rohson, Esq., 1905.
858. The mutilated cranium of a female Tsongi isth, or Songhies
Indian.
Obtained by Mr. Robert Brown, in 1863, at Victoria Arm,
Vancouver's Island.
C. 478, L. 168, B. 137, Bi. 815, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469,
Ow. 37, Oh. 37, Oi. 1000, Ca. 1220.
Purchased, 1868.
858 ^ The skull of a female Comox Indian, Pacific Coast,
British Columbia.
C. 495, L. 171, B. 139, Bi. 813, H. 131, Hi. 776, BN. 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 39, Oh. 39,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1475.
Presented- by Geo. D. BeadneU, Esq., 1896.
272
A5IERICA.
858^. A cranium (tribe not known) from the same locality.
C. 512, L. 165, B. 164, Bi. 994, H. 136, Hi. 824, BN. 101,
BA. 99, Ai. 980, Nh. 55, Nw. 22, Ni. 400, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1535.
Presented hj Geo. D. Beadnell, Esq., 1896.
859. The cranium o£ an Indian from Santa Cruz Island, off the
coast of California : c? •
C. 512, L. 182, B. 142, Bi. 780, H. 133, Hi. 731, BN. 103,
BA. 103, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy the Peahodi/ Museum of American
Arcliceology and Ethnology, 1879.
859 ^ The skull of " Thlung," chief of the Nacausley or
Stuart Lake Indians of British Columbia, Lat. 55'^ N.
and Long. 125° W.
Mr. Gavin Hamilton, by whom the skull was obtained, sa5's :
" He was a very morose, bad dispositioned Indian with hardly
energy or brains enough to make canoes, traps, &c., in fact
what we would call a clumsy fellow, but he was brave and
revengeful."
The occiput appears to have been slightly flattened.
C. 510, L. 171, B. 147, Bi. 860, H. 141, Hi. 825, BN. 100,
BA. 95, Ai. 950, Nh. 54, Nw. 27, M. 500, Ow. 41, Oh. 38,
Oi. 927. Ca. 1490.
Presented hy Dr. John Rae, 1880.
859 ^. The skull of a North American Indian, with the greater
part of the base destroyed.
No positive information as to locality or tribe could be
obtained.
C. 547, L. 193, B. 143, Bi. 741, Nh. 58, Nw. 29, Ni. 500,
Ow. 42, Oh. 35, Oi. 833.
Presented hy Walter Pye, Esq., 1880.
859 ^ The skull of a pure-bred Croc Indian : ? .
C. 498, L. 171, B. 144, Bi. 842, H. 12.5, Hi. 731, BX. 101,
BA. 99, Ai. 980, Nh, 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1335.
EASTERN AND CENTRAL NORTH AMERICA.
27;
859". The skull of a child, half-bred Cree and English.
The above two skulls were obtained at Moose at the south
end of Hudson's Bay by Mr. Walter Haydon.
Presented by W. W. Wagstaffe, Esq., 18«4.
859 ^. The cranium of an Oregon Indian, mutilated.
C. 495, L. 160, B. 149, Bi. 931, H. 120, Hi. 750, BN. 95,
BA. 100, Ai. 1053, Nh. 44, Nw. 26, Ni. 591, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 2)3 1.
C. Eastern and Central Regions of North America.
8 GO. A mutilated cranium which was found in a saltpetre-cave
in Tennessee State: ^. 0. C. 5441.
C. 502, L. 179, B. 135, Bi. 754, H. 142, Hi. 793, BN. 105,
Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1370.
Purchased,
861. The mutilated cranium of an Indian from Tennessee: c? •
Metopic.
C. 522, L. 186, B. 140, Bi. 753, H. 140, Hi. 753, BN. 106,
Ow. 39, Oh. 33, Oi. 846, Ca. 1450 (approx.).
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 1865.
862. The cranium of a Messisaqua, or Mohawk Indian, from an
old battle-ground at Rice Lake : •
C. 510, L. 185, B. 138, Bi. 746, H. 138, Hi. 746, BN. 106,
BA. 107, Ai. 1009, Nh. 53, Nw. 28, Ni. 528, Ow. 39. Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1390.
Presented hy George Gulliver, Esq., 1863.
The following twelve specimens were collected in the United
States by Mr. Greorge Russell, and were purchased from him
in 1860. They were accompanied by a full MS. description of
the circumstances under which they were found.
863. The mutilated cranium of an Osage Indian : S •
C. 515, L. 170, B. 157, Bi. 924.
Purchased, 1860.
T
274
AMERICA.
864. The mutilated cranium of an Uchee Indian : 9 .
" A tribe characterized b)- their small round heads. Obtained
from the Pea Eiver battle-ground (Alabama), where they gave
General Welbourne a hard fight. Their women served them
•with ammunition during the action."
C. 472, L. 161, B. 135, Bi. 839, H. 128, Hi. 795, BN. 96,
Ca. 1150.
Purchased, 1860.
865. The cranium of a Shawnee Indian : ? .
From the Shawnee territory, west of Arkansas. Most of
the teeth have been lost during life ; and the sagittal suture is
partly consolidated. The left paroccipital process is so greatly
developed as to have articulated with the transverse process of
the atlas.
C. 496, L. 174, B. 139, Bi. 799, H. 127, Hi. 730, BN. 90,
Ow. 40, Oh. 36, Oi. 900, Ca. 1230.
Purchased, 1860.
866. The cranium of a young Chickasaw Indian from the
Upper Mississippi.
The basilar suture has not united ; and the last molars are
not fully in place.
C. 492, L. 176, B. 137, Bi. 778, H. 136, Hi. 773, BN. 102,
BA. 98, Ai. 961, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1320.
Purchased, 1860.
867. A cranium said to be that of "a Creek-Indian Squaw"
from the Upper Mississippi.
C. 510, L. 186, B. 136, Bi. 731, H. 140, Hi. 753, BN. 101,
BA. 101, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1420.
Purchased, 1860.
868. The mutilated cranium of a Choctaw Indian, named
" Co-you-ho-mo " ; $ ?
It has been remarkably deformed by pressure applied to the
region of the lambda and causing an anterior projection of the
forehead. The lower extremities of the coronal and the parieto-
sphenoidal and fronto-si)henoidal sutures are closed ; but all
the other calvarial sutures are quite free.
C. 490, L. 165, B. 145, Bi. 879, H. 136, Hi. 824, BN. 97,
Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868.
Purchased, 1860.
EASTERN AND CENTRAL NORTH AMERICA.
275
869. A skull from a mound twenty feet high on the bank of
the Mississippi, twelve miles below Memphis : 9 •
It has been obliquely flattened posteriorly.
C.465, L. 152, B. 145, Bi. 954, H. 140, Hi. 921, Ca. 1210.
Purchased, 1860.
870. A skull found in 1849 in an ancient mound near Franklin,
in Middle Tennessee : $ .
The extreme natural bracbycephaly appears to have been
increased by pressure on the occiput in infancy ; but otherwise
it is not deformed.
C. 473, L. 156, B. 148, Bi. 949, H. 143, Hi. 917, BN. 99,
Ca. 1260.
Purchased, 1860.
871. A similar skull from the same mound : S ■
There is a nearly symmetrical pair of Wormian bones at the
posterior end of the sagittal suture.
C. 483, L. 155, B. 149, Bi. 961, H. 143, Hi. 923, BN. 100,
BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 52, Nw. 24, Ni. 462, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1305.
Purchased, 1860.
872. A cast of the skull of a Natchez Indian : J* .
The original was obtained by Dr. Powell, of Memphis, from
a mound within three miles of Natchez, Mississippi. It has
been artificially flattened in the antero-posterior direction by
compression on the frontal and on the supraoeeipital and
posterior parietal regions, so as to produce great elevation of
the vertex.
C. 485, L. 146, B. 163, Bi. 1117.
Purchased, 1860.
873. The cast of a skull taken from a mound near Bellefonte,
North Alabama : .
Probably that of a Natchez Indian. The forehead has been
artificially flattened.
C. 505, L. 160, B. 155, Bi. 969.
Purchased, I860.,
874. A mutilated cranium from North Alabama.
The forehead appears to have been flattened artificially.
Purchased, I860.
276
AMERICA.
875. A cranium from an ancient stone grave in a mound in
Tennessee : ^ .
The occipital region has been unsymmetrieally flattened.
Bony growths nearly fill both external auditory meatuses.
C. 503, L. 16/, B. 148, Bi. 886, H. 149, Hi. 892, BN. 106,
BA. 104, Ai. 981, Nh. 57, Nw. 26, Ni. 456, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1570.
Presented Jnj the Peahody Miisernn of American
Archceology and Ethnolopj/, 1879.
876. A cranium found in an ancient mound in the western part
of the State of Missouri : 9 .
It presents no sign of artificial deformation. The calvarial
sutures are almost obliterated. The squamosals appear to have
joined the frontals on both sides.
C. 458, L. 162, B. 118, Bi. 728, H. 137, Hi. 846, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 37, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1090.
Presented hi/ the Pev. E. E. Beadle, 1878.
D. Central America and the Antilles.
877. A small skull brought from Mexico : S ?
No certain information could be obtained as to the race to
which it belonged, or the exact locality in which it was found.
C. 466, L. 165, B. 127, Bi. 770, H. 124, Hi. 752, BN. 88,
BA. 96, Ai. 1091, Nh. 44, Nw. 22, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1070.
Presented by Henry Christy, Esq., 18G.5.
877 \ A cranium from a tomb at Xico, Valley of Mexico, con-
taining also pottery of Tarasqui, Acothua, and Toltec
periods.
C. 515, L. 174, B. 143, Bi. 822, H. 139, Hi. 799, BN. 101,
BA. 107, Ai. 1059, Nh. 51, Nw. 27, Ni. 529, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi 816, Ca. 1420.
877 -. A cranium from the same place.
C. 522, L. 175, B. 151, Bi. 863, H. 131, Hi. 749, BN. 98,
BA. 102, Ai. 1041, Nh. 5.5, Nw. 24, Ni. .533, Ow. 38, Oh. ^3,
Oi. 868, Cii. 1530.
CENTRAL AMERICA AND THE ANTILLES.
277
877 A cranium from the burial place of Tominil, Sierra Madre
of Durango, Mexico.
Period doubtful, but probably Mexican or Indian paysanas
about tbe time of the Conquest.
C. 501, L. 175, B. 140, Bi. 800, H. 138, Hi. 789, BN. 103,
Nh. 49, Nw. 23, m. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842, Ca. 1320.
877''. A cranium from the same place.
C. 490, L. 168, B. 140, Bi. 833, H. 138, Hi. 821, BN. 102,
BA. 95, Ai. 931, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1255.
877 Bones of the face from the same jjlace.
The above jive specimens were presented by
0. H. Howarth, Esq., 1894.
877 ^. The cranium of a Mexican, mutilated : ^ .
C. 475, L. 166, B. 131, Bi. 789, H. 133, Hi. HOI, BN. 96,
BA. 99, Ai. 1031, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1190.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 218.
877 ^ The cranium of a Guatuso Indian, Costa Rica.
(Anthropol. Eeview, vol. vi. p. 463.)
C. 500, L. 180, B. 131, Bi. 728, H. 133, Hi. 739, BN. 102,
BA. 95, Ai. 931, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1420.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 77.
878. A mutilated cranium of a Carib found in a cave in Cuba.
It has been artificially distorted by pressure on the frontal
and lower occipital regions.
C. 493, L. 157, B. 158, Bi. 1006, H. 127, Hi. 809. Ca. 1225.
Presented bij Henrij Christy, Esq., 1865.
878^. The mutilated cranium, with greatly depressed forehead,
of a Carib from the Island of St. Vincent, West Indies.
B. 139, Ow. 40, Oh. 37, Oi. 925.
Presented by Mr. AUen Lewis of that Island to Captain
the Hon. I. C. Mailing, the Colonial Secretary, by whom it was
sent to the donor,
The Rev. Benjamin Whitelocl, 1881.
278
AMERICA.
879. The skull of a Carib from one of the Caribbean Islands :
S. 0. C. 5403.
It has a remarkably flat and receding forehead, probably
from the efifects of compression in infancy.
C. 515, L. 180, B. 145, Bi. 806, H. 132, Hi. 733, BN. 103,
BA. 108, Ai. 1049, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ovr. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1330.
Hunterian.
880. The cranium of a Carib from one of the Caribbean
Islands : $ . 0. C. 5404.
C. 500, L. 172, B. 146, Bi. 849, H. 118, Hi. 686, BIT. 89,
BA. 92, Ai. 1034, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 37, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1215.
Hunterian.
880 ^. The cranium of a Carib, Nicaragua : ^ .
C. 525, L. 180, B. 143, Bi. 794, H. 137, Hi. 761, BN. 102,
BA. 92, Ai. 902, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1700.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 173.
880 ^. The cranium of a Carib, Venezuela : ^ .
C. 500, L. 163, B. 157, Bi. 963, H. 126, Hi. 773, BN. 98,
BA. 91, Ai. 929, Nh. 58, Nw. 23, Ni. 397, Ow. 42, Oh. 38,
Oi. 905.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 233.
E. GrUIANA AND COLOMBIA.
881. The skull of a Macusi Indian from Guiana: J. 0. C.
5405.
C. 519, L. 181, B. 145, Bi. 801, H. 133, Hi. 735, BN. 101,
BA. 102, Ai. 1010, Nh. 53, Nw. 28, Ni. 528, Ow. 37, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1455.
Purchased from Sir R. H. Schomburgk, 1840,
882. The cranium of a female Indian of the Arawak tribe,
from Guiana. 0. C. 5406.
C. 485, L. 172, B. 135, Bi. 785, H. 122, Hi. 709, BN. 91,
BA. 93, Ai. 1022, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1200.
F rese)ited by Sir Uobcrl H. Schomburgk, lj>44.
GUIANA AND COLOMBIA.
279
882 ^ The articulated skeleton of an Arawak Indian, set. 27,
from Surinam.
C. 498, L, 176, B. 137, Bi. 778, H. 127, Hi. 722, BN. 10],
BA. 98, Ai. 970, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1255.
Purchased, 1903.
883. The skull of a Muizca, or former inhabitant of New
Grranada : S •
Taken from an Indian grave in Fontibon, six miles west
of Santa Fe de Bogota, February 1st, 1868, by Mr. George
Crowther.
C. 500, L. 167, B. 145, Bi. 868, H. 135, Hi. 808, BN. 95,
BA. 96, Ai. 1011, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1380.
Purchased, 18G9.
884. The cranium of a Muizca from Fontibon, near Bogota: ^ .
It has been artificially flattened in the region of the lambda.
C. 484, L. 168, B. 138, Bi. 821, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500,
Ow. 37, Oh. 35, Oi. 946, Ca. 1300.
Purchased, 1869.
885. The cranium of a Muizca from Fontibon, near Bogota: (J.
C. 510, L. 184, B. 138, Bi. 750, H. 140, Hi. 761, BN. 300,
BA. 98, Ai. 980, Nh. 57, Nw. 25, Ni. 439, Ow. 37, Oh. 39,
Oi. 1054, Ca. 1500.
Purchased, 1869.
886. The cranium of a Muizca from Fontibon, near Bogota.
A narrow elongated cranium of a different type from the
others from the same locality, though the last makes some
approach to it.
C. 509, L. 192, B. 128, Bi. 667, H. 137, Hi. 714, BN. 101,
BA. 106, Ai. 1050, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Oh. 35, Ow. 36,
Oi. 1029, Ca. 1425.
Purchased, 1869.
887. The skull of a Muizca from Tunjuelo, near Bogota : S •
The frontal region has been artificially flattened.
C. 500, L. 162, B. 150, Bi. 926, H. 135, Hi. 833, BN. 96.
BA. 101, Ai. 1052, Ow. 39, Oh. 32, Oi. 821, Ca. 1380.
Purchased, 1869.
280
AxMEKICA.
888. The cranium of a Muizca from Tunjuelo, near Bogota: ^ .
It has been slightly and unsymmetrically distorted by
occipital pressure.
C. 485, L. 165, B. 141, Bi. 855, H. 137, Hi. 830, BJ^. 100,
Ow. 39, Oh. 33, Oi. 846, Ca. 1270.
Purchased, 1869.
889. The bones of a right and a left lower extremity (wanting
the right foot), which accompanied the above skulls.
Purchased, 1869.
889 ^. A cranium mutilated and without teeth, from an ancient
grave at Ibarra, Ecuador (see Whymper's ' Travels
amongst the Great Andes,' 1892, p. 284, where it is
figured).
Presented by Edward Whymper, Esq., 1884.
889 ^. A cranium from Chimborazo, a Province of Ecuador,
found at an elevation of 15,000 feet : c? •
C. 505, L. 176, B. 143, Bi. 813, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Xi. 480,
Ow. 37, Oh. 35, Oi. 946.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 174.
889 ^. A cranium from a guano deposit, Chincha Islands,
Ecuador.
The right mastoid foramen is displaced and of enormous
size.
C. 475, L. 164, B. 139, Bi. 818, H. 129, Hi. 787, BX. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1200.
Anthropol Soc, No. 129.
890. A skull found (with a small earthen vessel) in an Indian
grave at Quaeta, near Tomeque, New Grranada : c? •
■ C. 525, L. 183, B. 147, Bi. 803, H. 137, Hi. 749, BN. 102,
Kh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi. 895, Ca. 1460.
Received in exchange from A. W. Franks, Esq., 1875.
F. Brazil.
890 '. A cranium found near Santos, Sao Paulo.
C. 500, L. 179, B. 138, Bi. 771, H. 139, Hi. 777, BN. lol,
BA. 101, Ai. 1000, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1345.
BRAZIL. — PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
2«1
890 ^. A cranium found with the above under the circumstances
thus related by the donor : —
" Near Santos there is a remarkable mound, almost a hill,
entirely composed of oyster shells, and several smaller ones
composed of mussel shells among which are human remains
and arrow heads. The railway people are using these shells
for ballasting the line, and therefore constantly come across
remains. These two skulls were recently uncovered."
Presented by Capt. Bowden Smith, R.N., 1882.
G. Peru, Bolivia, and Chile.
In this gToup are one hundred specimens which were collected
by T. J. Hutchinson, Esq., H.M. Consul at Callao, and sent
by him to the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and
Ireland, being part of the collection referred to in Mr. Busk's
paper entitled " Remarks on a Collection of 150 Ancient
Peruvian Skulls, presented to the Anthropological Institute by
T. J. Hutchinson, Esq.," &c., ' Journal of the Anthropological
Institute,' vol. iii. p. 86 (1874). They were presented to the
College by the Council of the Institute, June 1873 *.
The following thirty- six specimens were obtained from two
burial-grounds close to the seashore at Pasamayo, five miles
south of Chan^ay and thirty miles north of Callao: —
891. A skull, remarkably deformed by antero-posterior com-
pression, from Pasamayo : 9 ?
The last upper left molar is displaced upwards and backwards.
C. 480, L. 141, B. 160, Bi. 1135, H. 130, Hi. 922, BN. 88,
BA. 92, Ai. 1045, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1230.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
* A corresponding number of lower jaws were presented with the skulls ;
but, except in the few instances in which they appeared to belong to the
same individuals, tliey have not been attached to the crania, or separately
catalogued, but are preserved in a drawer in the Museum.
282
AMERICA.
892. A cranium from Pasamayo, exhibiting a similar but less
marked deformation : ?
C. 482, L. 150, B. 155, Bi. 1033, H. 120, Hi. 800, BN. 92,
BA. TOO, Ai. 1087, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1170.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
893. A skull from Pasamayo : S •
The sagittal suture is obliterated. As in several others of
this series, the meatus auditorius externus is encroached upon,
almost to occlusion, by bony growths from its walls.
C. 497, L. 163, B. 148, Bi. 908, H. 135, Hi. 828, BN. 104,
BA. 107, Ai. 1029, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1320.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
894. A cranium from Pasamayo : <S .
C. 514, L. 172, B. 154, Bi. 895, H. 134, Hi. 779, BN. 98,
BA. 105, Ai. 1071, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1500.
Hutchinson Collection, Presented, 1873.
895. A cranium from Pasamayo : ^ .
The left auditory meatus is remarkably contracted and nearly
filled with osseous growths.
C. 487, L. 167, B. 140, Bi. 838, H. 129, Hi. 772, BN. 94,
BA. 91, Ai. 968, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 33, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1121, Ca. 1260.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
896. A cranium from Pasamayo : S •
C. 500, L. 167, B. 149, Bi. 892, H. 135, Hi. 808, BN. 106,
BA. 103, Ai. 972, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1310.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
897. A cranium from Pasamayo : c? •
In the upper part of the supraoccipital are four nearly
symmetrical independent ossifications.
C. 498, L. 172, B. 142, Bi. 826, H. 128, Hi. 744, BN. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi, 921, Ca. 1285.
Halchinsnn Collection, Presented, 1873.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
283
898. A cranium from Pasamayo : S •
The auditory meatuses of both sides are reduced to extremely
narrow clefts.
C. 502, L. 171, B. 147, Bi. 860, H. 132, Hi. 772, BX. 104,
BA. 104, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1350.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
899. A skull from Pasamayo : S •
C. 500, L. 160, B. 155, Bi. 969, H. 141, Hi. 881, BN, 100,
BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1370.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
900. A cranium from Pasamayo : J* .
There is a large epipteric bone on the right side. The Wor-
mian bones in the lambdoidal suture are large and numerous.
C. 495, L. 173, B. 140, Bi. 809, H. 129, Hi. 746, BN. 102,
Nh. 51, Nw. 22, m. 431, Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi. 921, Ca. 1300.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
901. A cranium from Pasamayo : ^ .
The occiput is somewhat flattened. There is a distinct
" interparietal " bone.
C. 492, L. 168, B. 152, Bi. 905, H. 136, Hi. 810, BN. 101,
BA. 101, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1380.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
902. A cranium from Pasamayo : S ■
There are two Wormian bones in the posterior end of the
sagittal suture.
C. 500, L. 165, B. 155, Bi. 939, H. 141, Hi. 855, BN. 101,
BA. 101, Ai. 1000, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1450.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
903. A cranium from Pasamayo : ^ .
C. 502, L. 168, B. 150, Bi. 893, H. 140, Hi. 833, BN. 102,
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1465.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
284
AMERICA.
004. A cranium from Pasamayo : .
The occiput is flattened.
C. 495, L. 160, B. 158, Bi. 988, H. 137, Hi. 856, BK 106,
BA. 106, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1400.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
905. A cranium from Pasamayo : ^ .
C. 493, L. 161, B. 151, Bi. 938, H. 133, Hi. 826, m. 95,
BA, 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1330.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
906. A cranium from Pasamayo : cJ .
The occiput has been flattened.
C. 483, L. 160, B. 145, Bi. 906, H. 131, Hi. 819, BX. 99,
BA. 108, Ai. 1091, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1320.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
907. A cranium from Pasamayo : $ .
C. 480, L. 159, B. 150, Bi. 943, H. 130, Hi. 818, BN. 94,
BA. 95, Ai. 1011, Nh. 47, Nw. 21, Ni. 447, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1360.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
908. A cranium from Pasamayo.
The occiput has been flattened.
C. 506, L. 163, B. 163, Bi. 1000, H. 140, Hi. 859, BN. 103,
BA. 100, Ai. 971, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1410.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
909. A cranium from Pasamayo.
C. 473, L. 158, B. 141, Bi. 892, H. 123, Hi. 778, BN. 95,
BA. 100, Ai. 1053, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1080.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
910. A cranium from Pasamayo.
C. 487, L. 167, B. 140, Bi. 838, H. 130, Hi. 778, BN. 99,
BA. 103, Ai. 1040, Nh. 46, Nw. 21, Ni. 457, Ow. 36, Oh. 32.
Oi. 889, Ca. 1260.
H>i(ihinso}i Collection. Presented, 187."5.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE. 285
911. A cranium from Pasamayo.
There are large exostoses in both auditory meatuses.
C. 485, L. 170, B. 139, Bi. 818, H. 133, Hi. 782, BN. 95,
BA. 92, Ai. 968, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1310.
Hutcliinson Collection, Presented, 1873.
912. A cranium from Pasamayo : ? .
It is metopic ; and the occiput has been slightly flattened.
C. 485, L. 154, B. 152, Bi. 987, H. 129, Hi. 838, BN. 91,
BA. 98, Ai. 1077, Nh. 47, Nw. 21, Ni. 447, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1280.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
913. A cranium from Pasamayo : ? .
C. 478, L. 161, B. 145, Bi. 901, H. 124, Hi. 770, BN. 90,
BA. 95, Ai. 1056, Nh. 45, Nw. 21, Ni. 467, Ow. 35, Oh. 30,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1165.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
914. A cranium from Pasamayo: ? .
The occiput appears to have been flattened.
C. 460, L. 150, B. 144, Bi. 960, H. 124, Hi. 827, BN. 93,
Nh. 51, Nw. 22, Ni. 431, Ow. 36, Oh. 36, Oi. 1000, Ca. 1125.
Hutcliinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
915. A cranium from Pasamayo : ? .
C. 482, L. 163, B. 138, Bi. 847, H. 128, Hi. 785, BN. 98,
BA. 102, Ai. 1041, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1260.
Hutcliinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
916. A skull from Pasamayo : ? .
Its natural form appears to have been altered by pressure on
the vertex.
C. 487, L. 160, B. 148, Bi. 925, H. 119, Hi. 744, BN. 92,
BA. 94, Ai. 1022, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1190.
Hutcliinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
917. A cranium from Pasamayo : ? .
A very unsymmetrical and probably artificially deformed
cranium.
C. 487, L. 157, B. 150, Bi. 955, H. 125, Hi. 796, BN. 97,
Ow. 38, Oh. 35, Oi. 921, Ca. 1200.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
286
AMERICA.
918. A cranium from Pasamayo : ? .
The calvarial sutures are entirely obliterated. The occiput
appears to have been flattened.
C. 477, L. 152, B. 154, Bi. 1013, H. 134, Hi. 882, BX. 97,
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1220.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
919. A cranium from Pasamayo : ? .
C. 484, L. 158, B. 145, Bi. 918, H. 128, Hi. 810, BN. 93,
BA. 95, Ai. 1022, Nh. 46, JTw. 23, M. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1225.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
920. A cranium from Pasamayo : ? .
C. 492, L. 160, B. 155, Bi. 969, H. 130, Hi. 813, BN. 95,
BA. 97, Ai. 1021, Nh. 47, Nw. 20, Ni. 426, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1380.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
921. A cranium from Pasamayo : ? .
C. 480, L. 162, B. 143, Bi. 883, H. 132, Hi. 815, BN. 95,
BA. 92, Ai. 968, Nh. 45, Nw. 19, Ni. 422, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1380.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
922. A mutilated cranium from Pasamayo : ? .
It is metopic ; and the squamosals join the frontals on both
sides.
C. 465, L. 159, B. 133, Bi. 836, H. 124, Hi. 780, BN. 95,
Ca. 1050.
Hutchinson Collection, Presented, 1873.
923. The cranium of a young person from Pasamayo : J •
The basilar suture is not completely consolidated ; and the
last molars are not fully iu place.
C. 482, L. 165, B. 138, Bi. 836, H. 128, Hi. 776, BN. 99,
BA. 108, Ai. 1091, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1270.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
924. The skull of a young person from Pasamayo.
The basilar suture is open ; and tlie third molars arc not yet
in place.
C. 485. L. 160. B. 147, Bi. 919, H. 124, Hi. 775, BN. 85,
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
287
BA. 85, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1370.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
925. The cranium of a child from Pasamayo.
It has been subjected to oblique occipital compression. The
milk-molars are in place, with the first permanent molars,
C. 460, L. 148, B. 142, Bi. 959, H. 110, Hi. 743, BN. 87,
BA. 89, Ai. 1023, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914.
Hutcldnson Collection. Presented, 1873.
92G. The ci-aiiium o£ a young person from Pasamayo.
The basilar suture is open, and the third molars not fully
developed. This cranium is of a different type from all the
foregoing from the same locality, being more elongated and
narrow, and having a trtinsverse postcoronal depression.
C. 463, L. 166, B. 125, Bi. 753, H. 123, Hi. 741, BN. 90,
BA. 87, Ai. 967, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
The seven following specimens were obtained from a huaca or ancient
burying-ground near Santos, to the north of Callao. " They are con-
sidered by Mr. Hutchinson to be most likely of the tribe of Chinchas
or Huanchas, or perhaps, as he surmises, of Quichuas or Aymaras ; all
of which tribes he states are now probably absorbed into the Cholos, a
mestizo or mixed race " *.
927. A cranium from Santos : (J .
C. 429, L. 168, B. 143, Bi. 851, H. 137, Hi. 815, BN. 100,
Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1290.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
928. A cranium from Santos : ^ .
The occipital region has been obliquely flattened. The right
lateral upper incisor is permanently retained in the alveolus.
C. 490, L. 153, B. 154, Bi. 1007, H. 131, Hi. 856, BN. 100,
BA. 103, Ai. 1030, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 32.
Oi. 865, Ca. 1350.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
* Journal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. iii. p. 87.
288
AMERICA.
929. A cranium from Santos ; .
C. 480, L. 163, B. 142, Bi. 871, H. 126, Hi. 773, BN. 101,
BA. 104, Ai. 1030, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, m. 471, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1290.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
930. A cranium from Santos : c? •
C. 500, L. 169, B. 141, Bi. 834, H. 137, Hi. 811, BN. 95,
BA. 97, Ai. 1021, Nh. 45, Nw. 23, Ni. 511, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1380.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
931. A cranium from Santos.
C. 458, L. 156, B. 132, Bi. 846, H. 132, Hi. 846, BN. 99,
Ow. 36, Oh. 31, Oi. 861, Ca. 1010.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
932. A skull from Santos : ? .
There is a median Wormian bone, or small " epactal," at the
apex at the supraoccipital.
C. 477, L. 165, B. 135, Bi. 818, H. 132, Hi. 800, BN. 99,
Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 35, Oi. 921, Ca. 1120.
HutcJdnson Collection. Presented, 1873.
933. A cranium from Santos : ? .
The atlas is ankj-losed to the occiput.
C. 453, L. 160, B. 123, Bi. 769, H. 120, Hi. 750, BN. 92,
BA. 95, Ai. 1033, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1000.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
933 K A cranium from San Juan, Argentina : c? .
C. 522, L. 180, B. 148, Bi. 822, H. 140, Hi. 778, BN. 1U6,
BA. 97, Ai. 915, Nh. 57, Nw. 24, Ni. 421, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1565.
Anthvojiol. Soc, No. 211.
933 A cranium from San Juan, Argentina : ? ,
C. 460, L. 154, B. 137, Bi. 890, H. 121, Hi. 78(i, BN. 86,
Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1100.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 49.
933 ^ A calvaria from San Juan, Argentina : S •
C. 505, L. 170, B. 147, Bi. 865.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 72.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
289
933 A mutilated calvaria from San Juan (No. 4). Argentina.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 227.
933 ^. A mutilated cranium from a cemetery at Rosario on the
River Parana, Argentina : .
C, 505, L. 180, B. 138, Bi. 767, H. 129, Hi. 717, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Ow. 35, Oh. 32, Oi. 914.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 113.
933 ^. A mutilated cranium from a cemetery at Rosario : ^ .
C. 512, L. 176, B. 140, Bi. 795, H. 141, Hi. 801, Nh. 51,
Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 40, Oh. 30, Oi. 750.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 115.
933 ^ A cranium from an old cemetery at Rosario.
C. 480, L. 166, B. 137, Bi. 825.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 236.
933 ^. A calvaria from Rosario.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 111.
933 ^. A calvaria from a cemetery at Rosario.
933 A cranium said to be that of a full-blooded Indian of the
Quichua tribe, a race that inhabited the " Alta Planica "
in the Republic of Bolivia, before the Incas. The
cranium was taken from an Indian tomb near the
village of Ayapampa, 14,700 feet above sea-level.
C. 478, L. 171, B. 125, Bi. 731, H. 133, Hi. 778, BN. 90,
BA. 89, Ai. 989, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 36, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1028, Ca. 1160.
1905.
The following twenty-two specimens are from Ancon : —
934. A cranium with the hair still attached to the scalp, from
Ancon.
" At Ancon, all the graves contain either pottery, or cloth, or
pieces of fish-nets, or needles for man^ifacturing nets, or lace-
work, or bags that resemble reticules for ladies."
BN. 92, BA. 96, Ai. 1043, Nh. 43, Nw. 23, Ni. 535, Ow. 36,
Oh. 33, Oi. 917.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
u
290
AMERICA.
935. A sknll from Aucon : c? •
C. 500, L. 176, B. 140, Bi. 795, H. 135, Hi. 767, BN. 104,
BA. 106, Ai. 1019, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1300.
HutcJiinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
936. A skill! from Ancon : S •
C. 516, L. 180, B. 146, Bi. 811, H. 143, Hi. 794, BN. 102,
BA. 103, Ai. 1010, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1600.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
937. A skull from Ancon : S •
C. 514, L. 178, B. 153, Bi. 860, H. 134, Hi. 753, BN. 103,
BA. 106, Ai. 1029, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1410.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
938. A skull from Ancon : ^ .
There is a distinct " interparietal ;" and numerous Wormian
bones are present in the lambdoidal suture.
C. 486, L. 168, B. 140, Bi. 833, H. 135, Hi. 804, BN. 97,
BA. 98, Ai. 1010, Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1280.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
939. A skull from Ancon : S •
C. 470, L. 152, B. 145, Bi. 954, H. 119, Hi. 783, BN. 89,
BA. 93, Ai. 1045, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi, 919, Ca. 1110.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
940. A skull from Ancon : ^ .
C. 495, L. 173, B. 142, Bi. 821, H. 135, Hi. 780, BN. 102,
BA. 98, Ai. 961, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 422, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1300.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
941. A cranium from Ancon : J' .
C. 508, L. 173, B. 150, Bi. 867, H. 140, Hi. 809, BN. 102,
Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 40, Oh. 34, Oi, 850, Ca. 1430.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
291
942. A cranium from Ancon : J" .
C. 480, L. 160, B. 145, Bi. 903, H. 130, Hi. 813, BX. 95,
BA. 100, Ai. 1053, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1275.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
043. A cranium from Ancon : c? •
It appears to have been somewhat deformed by fronto-
occipital pressure.
C. 487, L. 155, B. 152, Bi. 981, H. 130, Hi. 839, BN. 93,
BA. 95, Ai. 1022, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1300.
IIvtcMnson Collection. Presented, 1873.
944. A cranium from Ancon.
C. 482, L. 162, B. 143, Bi. 883, H. 130, Hi. 802, BN. 93,
BA. 98, Ai. 1054, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1130.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
945. A cranium from Ancon.
C. 486, L. 166, B. 141, Bi. 849, H. 127, Hi. 765, BN. 92,
BA. 94, Ai. 1022, Nh. 46, Nw. 21, Ni. 457, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1100.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
946. A skull from Ancon.
The right squamosal joins the frontal.
C. 486, L. 160, B. 145, Bi. 906, H. 130, Hi. 813, BN. 96,
BA. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1300.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
947. A cranium from Ancon.
C. 475, L. 156, B. 144, Bi. 923, H. 125, Hi. 801, BN. 92,
Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1130.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
948. A cranium from Ancon.
C. 470, L. 149, B. 139, Bi. 933, H. 123, Hi. 826, BN. 90,
BA. 92, Ai. 1022, Nh. 47, Nw. 21, Ni. 447, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1160.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
U2
292
AMERICA.
949. A cranium from Ancon : ? .
C. 474, L. 163, B. 137, Bi. 480, H. 124, Hi. 761, BN. 94,
BA. 100, Ai. 1064, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1130.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented^ 1873.
950. A cranium from Ancon : ? .
It has a lozenge-shaped epaetal bone.
C. 462, L. 155, B. 139, Bi. 897, H. 122, Hi. 787, BN. 93,
BA, 98, Ai. 1054, Nh. 45, Nw. 21, Ni. 467, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1080.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
951. A cranium from Ancon: ? .
The calvarial sutures are remarkably simple. The left third
molar is displaced upwards and outwards.
C. 490, L. 158, B. 148, Bi. 937, H. 133, Hi. 842, BN. 94,
BA. 95, Ai. 1011, Nh, 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1260.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
952. A cranium from Ancon : ? .
The lambdoidal suture is very complex and contains numerous
Wormian ossicles.
C. 492, L. 165, B. 145, Bi. 879, H. 124, Hi. 752, BN. 94,
BA. 94, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 20, Ni. 408, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1300.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
953. A cranium from Ancon : ? .
Most of the teeth have been lost during life, and the lower
ends of the coronal sutures are obliterated.
C. 490, L. 160, B. 149, Bi. 931, H. 134, Hi. 838, BN. 98,
Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 36, Oh. 36, Oi. 1000, Ca. 1300.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
954. The skull of a young person from Ancon.
The basilar suture is open and the third molars arc not yet
in place.
C. 493, L. 168, B. 147, Bi. 875, H. 122, Hi. 726, m. 93,
BA. 92, Ai. 989, Nh. 49, Nw. 19, Ni. 'd^k, Ow. 35, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1029, Ca. 1280. . *
Hutchinson Collect-ion. Presented, 1873.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
293
955. The skull of a child from Aucon.
The milk-teeth only are in place,
C. 434, L. 151, B. 126, Bi. 834, Nh. 32, Nw. 18, Ni. 562,
Ow. 31, Oh. 29, Oi. 935.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
" The five following specimens were picked up at the same place of
interment, near Ancon, from which the mummified bodies had been
turned up by the Spaniards at the time of the conquest, when searching
for treasure. However this may be, it is curious to find that among
these bones and other relics from the same place is the entire hoof of
a mule, which could only have been introduced by the Spaniards at or
since the invasion of Peru by Pizarro and his followers. These crania
were accompanied by some leg- and thigh-bones with the dried flesh
still upon them, showing that the bodies had been buried in the usual
sitting postures. Together with them also were some fragments of
fishing-nets, and a wooden club and sword. The site is about twenty
miles north of Callao, and about a mile from the sea-shore."
956. A cranium from a huaca near Ancon : •
C. 497, L. 172, B. 144, Bi. 837, H. 134, Hi. 779, BN. 103,
BA. 110, Ai. 1068, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 39, Oh. 38,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1320.
Hutchirison Collection. Presented, 1873.
957. A cranium from near Ancon : ? .
C. 490, L. 165, B. 146, Bi. 885, H. 130, Hi. 788, BN. 102,
BA. 108, Ai. 1059, Nh. 51, Nw. 21, Ni. 412, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1305.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
958. A cranium from near Ancon : ? ?
A remarkably heavy skull if that of a female, as its general
characters indicate.
C. 472, L. 159, B. 140, Bi. 881, H. 135, Hi. 849, BN. 95,
BA. 96, Ai. 1011, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 8'.J2. Ca. 1110.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
959. A cranium from near Ancon.
C. 480, L. 165, B. 137, Bi. 830, H. 130, Hi. 788, BN. 99,
BA. 100, Ai. 1010, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1130. _
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873,
294
AMERICA.
960. A skull from near Ancon : ? .
It is metopic, and has very large "Wormian bones in the
lambdoidal suture. Its form is more elongated than that of
most of the skulls of tho same collection ; and it has a remark-
ably depressed frontal region, probably occasioned by circular
constriction during infancy.
C. 485, L. 170, B. 137, Bi. 806, H. 127, Hi. 747, BN. 91,
BA. 95, Ai. 1044, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1230.
Hiitcliinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
9 GO ^ The skull of an Inca from Ancon : ^ .
C. 495, L. 168, B. 147, Bi. 875, H. 124, Hi. 738, BN". 96,
BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nvv. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1335.
Presejited hy Edmund Lane, Esq., 1888.
960 ^. A cranium from Ancon : ^ .
C. 485, L. 167, B. 136, Bi. 814, H. 129, Hi. 772, BN. 93,
BA. 96, Ai. 1032, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1275.
Presented hi/ Edmund Lane, Esq., 1888.
The following thirty specimens are from Cerro del Oro, in the Canete
Talley, interior to Cerro Azul, about a hundred miles south of CaUao.
" The skulls from Cerro del Oro are from the brow of a hill which
shows evidence of having been densely populated in former times, from
the quantity of adobe ruins in the neighbourhood. The whole of the
Canete valley, now covered with sugar-plantations, is full of Tiuacas,
or mounds of interment, described by Prescott. . . . But the skulls
whicli I send," Mr. Hutchinson goes on to say, " are not from hnacas,
but from places of interment such as are described in ' Peruvian Anti-
quities' by Don Mariano Eduardo Eivero" (New York, 1558), chap. viii.
p. 200 et seq.
961. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ^ .
C. 502, L. 176, B. 135, Bi. 767, H. 143, Hi. 813, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1330.
IJiitcIu'nson Collection. Presented, 1873.
962. A cranium from Cerro del Oro: c? .
It has been obliciucly flattened posteriorly. In consequence
of an injury to the base, aU the usual measurements cannot be
taken.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
295
C. 496, L. 168, B. 146, Bi. 869, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449,
Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. (approx.) 1450.
Hutchinson Collection, Presented, 1873.
963. A mutilated cranium from Cerro del Oro : ^ .
A distinct interparietal bone is separated from the supra-
occipital by a transverse deutated suture.
C. 487, L. 171, B. 137, Bi. 801, H. 130, Hi. 760, BN. 95,
Ca. 1260.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
964. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ^ .
C. 510, L. 178, B. 141, Bi. 792, H. 137, Hi. 770, BN. 107,
Nh. 53, jSIw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi. 895, Ca. 1400.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
965. A cranium from Cerro del Oi'o : c? •
C. 484, L. 170, B. 138, Bi. 812, H. 140, Hi. 824, BN. 106,
BA. 104, Ai. 981, Nh. 53, Nw. 23, Ni. 434, Ow. 37, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1310.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
9G6. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : J" .
It has been obliquely flattened posteriorly. There is an
interparietal bone, and an epipteric on the right and a supra-
squamosal bone on the lelt.
C. 496, L. 165, B. 152, Bi. 921, H. 139, Hi. 842, BN. 101,
BA. 99, Ai. 980, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1460.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
967. A cranium from C'erro del Oi o : S •
C. 502, L. 181, B. 137, Bi. 757, H. 137, Hi. 757, BN. 103,
BA. 101, Ai. 981, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1410.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
968. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : S •
C. 498, L. 171, B. 144, Bi. 842, H. 140, Hi. 819, BN. 102,
Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 37, Oh. 35, Oi. 946, Ca. 1360.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
969. A cranium from Cerro del Oro.
C. 470, L. 165, B. 131, Bi. 794, H. 130, Hi. 788, BN. 97,
BA. 98, Ai. 1010, Nh. 50, Nw. 20, Ni. 400, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1200.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
296
AMEEICA.
970. A cranium from Cerro del Oro.
C. 500, L. 175, B. 141, Bi. 806, H. 127, Hi. 726, BX. 100,
BA. 109, Ai. 1090, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1335.
HutcJiinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
971. A cranium from Cerro del Oro.
C. 478, L. 163, B. 143, Bi. 877, H. 129, Hi. 791, BN. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1210.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
972. A cranium from Cerro del Oro.
C. 480, L. 173, B. 132, Bi. 763, H. 138, Hi. 798, BN. 103,
BA. 104, Ai. 1010, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1250.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
973. A cranium from Cerro del Oro.
C. 474, L. 163, B. 137, Bi. 840, H. 128, Hi. 785, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1160.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
974. A cranium from Cerro del Oro.
C. 475, L. 165, B. 134, Bi. 812, H. 132, Hi. 800, BN. 100,
BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1155.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
975. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ? .
C. 485, L. 163, B. 143, Bi. 877, H. 137. Hi. 840, BN. 96,
BA. 94, Ai. 979, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1360.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
976. A cranium from Cerro del Oro: ? .
C. 466, L. 160, B. 134, Bi. 838, H. 138, Hi. 863, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. -15, Nw. 23, Ni. 511, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1190.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
977. A cranium from Cerro del Oro: ? .
C. 470, L. 167, B. 130, Bi. 778, H. 124, Hi. 743, BN. 97,
BA. 102, Ai. 1052, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1120.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
297
978. A cranium from Cerro del Oro: ? .
C. 478, L. 167, B. 136, Bi. 814, H. 128, Hi, 766, BN. 93,
BA. 95, Ai. 1022, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1230.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
979. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ? .
C. 485, L. 170, B. 137, Bi. 806, H. 137, Hi. 806, BN. 95,
BA. 93, Ai. 979, Nh. 49, Nw. 21, Ni. 429, Ow. 37, Oh. 36,
Oi. 973, Cel. 1380.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
980. A cranium from Cerro del Oro: ? .
C. 470, L. 157, B. 138, Bi. 879, H. 127, Hi. 809, BN. 91,
BA. 91, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1380.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
981. A cranium from Cerro del Oro: ? .
It has been flattened posteriorly.
C. 465, L. 150, B. 147, Bi. 980, H. 137, Hi. 913, BN. 100,
BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 46, Nw. 21, Ni. 457, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1300.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
982. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ? .
C. 484, L. 170, B. 136, Bi. 800, H. 127, Hi. 747, BN. 93,
BA. 98, Ai. 1054, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1130.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
983. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ? .
It has an " interparietal " and an epipteric on the left side.
C. 473, L. 168, B. 134, Bi. 798, H. 127, Hi. 756, BN. 97,
BA. 106, Ai. 1093, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1170.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
984. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ? .
C. 488, L. 174, B. 133, Bi. 764, H. 127, Hi. 730, BN. 92,
BA. 90, Ai. 978, Nh. 51, Nw. 22, Ni. 431, Ow. 36, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1028, Ca. 1220.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
298
AMERICA.
985. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : $ .
The left side of the lambdoidal suture is completely con-
solidated, the right side as well as all the other usual calvarial
sutures being open. The occipital and posterior parietal regions
are unsymmetrically developed, the left side being more pro-
minent than the right. This may be due to pressure on the
latter in infancy, as it is the reverse to what might have been
expected if caused by premature synostosis of the left limb of the
suture.
C. 453, L. 159, B. 128, Bi. 805, H. 116, Hi. 730, BN. 88,
BA. 92, Ai. 1045, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 34, Oh. 33,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1030.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
986. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ? .
C. 460, L. 157, B. 134, Bi. 854, H. 124, Hi. 790, BN. 91,
BA. 92, Ai. 1011, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1050.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
987. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ? .
C. 480, L. 168, B. 135, Bi. 804, H. 127, Hi. 756, BN. 98,
BA. 99, Ai. 1010, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1245.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
988. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ? .
C. 465, L. 155, B. 140, Bi. 903, H. 127, Hi. 819, BN. 90,
BA. 88, Ai. 978, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 34, Oh. 32,
Oi. 941, Ca. 1140.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
989. A cranium from Cerro del Oro : ? .
C. 470, L. 160, B. 139, Bi. 869, H. 129, Hi. 806, BN. 93,
BA. 102, Ai. 1097, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 408, Ow. 37, Oli. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1160.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented, 1873.
990. The cranium o£ a child from Cerro del Oro.
The milk-molars and the first permanent molars are in place.
The occiput is unusually prominent ; and there is a distinct
interparietal bone. Both tlie squamosals reach the frontals by
means of a processus frontalis.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
299
C. 465, L. 172, B. 129, Bi. 750, H. 127, Hi. 738, BN. 88,
BA. 88, Ai. 1000, Kh. 40, Nw. 21, Ni. 525, Ow. 33, Oh. 32,
Oi. 970.
Hutchinson Collection. Presented 1873.
990 ^ The cranium of an ancient Peruvian.
Given to the donor by Consul Hutchinson, 1873.
C. 488, L. 168, B. 142, Bi. 845, H, 129, Hi. 768, BX. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1305.
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 1881.
991. A deformed metopic cranium, apparently of considerable
antiquity, from Peru.
The forehead has been flattened ; and there is a transverse
coronal depression and a large median depression behind it,
causing a median anterior and two lateral posterior eminences.
This condition, carried to a greater degree, is the tete trilohee of
Gosse, only known to him from the Isle of Los Sacrificios,
near Vera Cruz, Gulf of Mexico.
C. 510, L. 157, B. 162, Bi. 1032, H. 125, Hi. 796, BN. 99,
BA. 100, Ai. 1010, Nh. 53, Nw. 28, Ni. 528, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1300.
Presented hy Henry Christy, Esq., 1865.
992. An ancient Peruvian cranium, from four miles east of
Huacho: ?
" The body was found buried in sand on the side of a hill,
sitting squat, elbows on knees, the hands open and covering the
mouth. A loose, white, cotton winding-sheet was round the
body, and an outer covering of chequework, dull blue, dull red,
and dull yellow. Grains of maize and beans were near it, and
bits of stick and hoop round network, possibly a flag. Probably
some man of note."
The scalp had long hair, of a dark reddish colour (probably
discoloured by time), attached to it, aud which is preserved with
the skull. There is a median lozenge-shaped Wormian bone at
the apex of the supraoccipital.
C. 483, L. 165, B. 140, Bi. 848, H. 125, Hi. 758, BN. 96,
BA. 101, Ai. 1052, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1225.
Presented hy Captain R. F. Burton, 1869.
300
AMERICA.
992 ^ A cranium from the same place.
C. 495, L. 158, B. 157, Bi. 994, H. 127, Hi. 804, BN. 99,
Nw. 22, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842, Ca. 1260.
Anthropol. Soc.
The four following specimens were collected by Dr. R. 0.
Cunningham, Naturalist to H.M.S. ' Nassau.'
993. An ancient Peruvian cranium from Huacho : .
It is somewhat flattened posteriorly. The sagittal suture is
partly consolidated ; but the posterior molars are scarcely above
the level of the alveolus.
C. 475, L. 161, B. 137, Bi. 851, H. 134, Hi. 832, BN. 99,
BA. 99. Ai. 1000. Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1175.
Presented hy the Admiralti/, 186 9.
994. An ancient Peruvian cranium from Huacho : .
It has a very oblique form, probably from unsymmetrical
occipital pressure in infancy. The sagittal and lambdoidal
sutures are partially consolidated.
C. 495, L. 171, B. 144, Bi. 842, H. 133, Hi. 778, BN. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 53, Nw. 21, Ni. 396, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1310.
Presented by the Admiralti/, 1809.
995. An ancient Peruvian cranium from Huacho : ? .
C. 485, L. 155, B. 150, Bi. 968, H. 130, Hi. 839, BN. 94,
BA. 98, Ai. 1043, Nh. 49, Nav. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1260.
Presented hy the Admiralty, 1809.
996. A cranium from the Temple of the Sun, Pachacamac : S •
It is very unsymmetrical, probably from pressure in infancy.
The palate-bones and posterior part of the vomer present an
apparently congenital deficiency.
C. 500, L. 170, B. 146, Bi. 8-59, H. 132, Hi. 776, BN. 105,
Ba. 107, Ai. 1019, Nh. 54, Nw. 23, Ni. 426, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1310.
Presented by the Admiralty, 1809.
996 An ancient Peruvian cranium.
C. 495, L. 164, B. 160, Bi. 976, H. 13.5, Hi. 823, BN. 100.
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1430.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 17.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILK.
301
996 ^. An ancient Peruvian cranium.
C. 495, L. 162, B. 154, Bi. 951, H. 127, Hi. 784, BN. 100,
BA. 105, Ai. 1050, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 37, Oh. 36,
Oi. 973, Ca. 1435.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 18.
996 ^. The cranium o£ a Peruvian, from Quichua.
C. 495, L. 171, B. 134, Bi. 784, H. 133, Hi. 778, BN. 104,
BA. 101, Ai. 971, Nh. 44, Nw. 26, Ni. 591, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1290.
Received in excliatige from A. W. Franks, Esq., 1875.
997. An ancient Peruvian skull, of a more elongated type than
most of the foregoing : S
Taken by Mr. Whitely from a cavern which contained about
300 skulls, thirty miles from Cuzco. The calvarial sutures are
partially obliterated. It presents no signs of having been arti-
ficiallj' deformed.
C. 492, L. 170, B. 136, Bi. 800, H. 128, Hi. 753, BN. 94,
BA. 97, Ai. 1032, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1230.
Purchased, 1870.
997 ^ An ancient Peruvian cranium.
(Jour. Anthropol. Inst., vol. iii. p. 86.)
C. 464, L. 159, B. 131, Bi. 824, H. 126, Hi. 792, BN. 91,
BA. 90, Ai. 989, Nh. 45, Nw. 27, Ni. 600, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1200.
Anthropol. Sac, No. 9.
997 ^. An ancient Peruvian cranium : .
C. 476, L. 150, B. 151, Bi. 1007, H. 132, Hi. 880, BN. 98,
BA. 92, Ai, 939, Nh. 52, Nw. 22, Ni. 423, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1305.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 10.
997 ^. An ancient Peruvian cranium : .
C. 480, L. 159, B. 145, Bi. 912, H. 128, Hi. 805, BN. 96,
BA. 103, Ai. 1073, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1320.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 11.
302
AMERICA.
997 An ancient Peruvian cranium : .
C. 487, L. 165, B. 142, Bi. 861, H. 132, Hi. 800, BN. 97,
BA. 91, Ai. 938, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, 0\v. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1350.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 12.
997^. An ancient Peruvian cranium : $ .
C. 488, L. 163, B. 147, Bi. 902, H. 131, Hi. 804, BN. 91,
BA. 90, Ai. 989, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1300.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 14.
997". An ancient Peruvian cranium : J*.
C. 496, L. 161, B. 155, Bi. 963, H. 129, Hi. 801, BN. 99.
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 58, Nw. 21, Ni. 362, Ow. 39, Oh. 38,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1365.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 15.
997^. The cranium of a young man (ancient Peruvian).
C. 484, L. 158, B. 149, Bi. 943, H. 127, Hi. 804, BN. 90,
BA. 84, Ai. 933, Nh. 43, Nw. 18, Ni. 419, Ow. 34, Oh. 34,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1450.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 13.
997". The cranium of an ancient Peruvian : J" .
C. 485, L. 160, B. 157, Bi. 981, H. 142, Hi. 888, BN. 110,
BA. 108, Ai. 982, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1415.
Anthropol. Soc, No. IG.
998. An artificially-deformed Peruvian skull.
Taken from the same cavern as 997.
It is elongated by constriction behind the coronal suture, but
flattened and, as it were, truncated behind.
C. 482, L. 170, B. 130, Bi. 765, H. 134, Hi. 788, BN. 93,
BA. 96, Ai. 1032, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1310.
rurchased, 1870.
999. A remarkably flattened cranium from Pisagua, in Peru :
From an ancient Indian burial-place, disturbed in excavating
for a railway.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
303
In this and the next specimen both external auditory meatuses
are nearly closed by bony growths.
C. 505, L. 174, B. 144, Bi. 828, H. 129, Hi. 741, BN. 87,
BA. 97, Ai. 1115, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1355.
Presented hy Lieut. George A. Giffard, R.N., 1879.
1000. A flattened cranium from Pisagua, in Peru : c? •
The base of the cranium is broken.
C. 475, L. 164, B. 137, Bi. 835, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472,
Ow. 38, Oh. 37, Oi. 974, Ca. 1230.
Presented hy Lieut. George A. Giffard, R.N., 1879.
1001. A cranium from an ancient burial-place in the island of
Titicaca, situated in the Lake of Chucuito, or Titicaca : ? .
0. C. 5415.
It has been elongated during infancy by a constricting band
passing behind the coronal suture and the mastoid processes,
which has left an evident depression around the cranium.
C. 480, L. 170, B. 125, Bi. 735, H. 1,35, Hi. 794, BN. 94,
BA. 96, Ai. 1021, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 35, Oh. 37,
01. 1057, Ca. 1230.
Presented hy Earl Dudley, 1828.
1002. A cranium, somewhat similarly deformed, from the same
locality : ? . 0. C. 5416.
C. 470, L. 163, B. 131, Bi. 804, H. 130, Hi. 798, BN. 90,
BA. 98, Ai. 1089, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 34, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1088, Ca. 1190.
Presented hy Earl Dudley, 1828.
1003. A similarly deformed cranium from the same locality, with
the facial portion mutilated : ? . 0. C. 5417.
C. 450, L. 163, B. 122, Bi. 748, H. 124, Hi. 761, BN. 94,
BA. 100, Ai. 1064, Ow. 36, Oh. 35, Oi. 972, Ca. 1060.
Presented hy Earl Dudley, 1828.
1004. A similarly deformed Peruvian skull: ^ . 0. C. 5418.
C. 500, L. 182, B. 123, Bi. 676, H. 137, Hi. 753, BN. 101,
BA. 105, Ai. 1040, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1400.
Purchased, 1844.
304
AMERICA.
1004 K The skull and six upper cervical vertebrae of a Peruvian
mummy. The skull is deformed by a circular con-
striction passing round the cranium behind the
mastoid processes and over the deeply depressed
bregma (prepared in 1879).
C. 515, L. 192, B. 130, Bi. 677, H. 149, Hi. 776, BN. 99,
BA. 100, Ai. 1010, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 35, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1029, Ca. 1720.
Entered in Taunton's Catalogue as " Carib skuU from Peru."'
1005. A cranium from Titicaca, deformed by circular constric-
tion : .
It much resembles the " macrocephalous " cranium from
Tiflis, No. 565. The calvarial sutures are almost entirely
obliterated. There are exostoses in the external auditory
meatuses, as in so many of the Peruvian skulls ; and the frontal
bone shows evidence of ulceration and inflammatory action.
C. 515, L. 185, B. 130, Bi. 703, H. 152, Hi. 822, BN. 116,
BA. 108, Ai. 939, Nh. 56, Nvr. 23, Ni. 411, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1475.
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 1865.
1005 ^ The cranium of an Aymara, from MoUe (Iquique), Peru.
" Dug up from graves of the Changos." (Trans. Ethnolog.
Soc. vol. ii. p. 216.)
C. 490, L. 171, B. 139, Bi. 813, H. 125, Hi. 731, BN. 95,
BA. 100, Ai. 1053, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1340.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 6.
1005 ^. The cranium of a Peruvian from south of Arica : J •
C. 478, L. 176, B. 129, Bi. 733, H. 132, Hi. 750, BN. 100,
BA. 99, Ai. 990, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1360.
Anthropol Soc, No. 209.
lOOG. A cranium of the elongated typo, but apparently un-
deformed, from Titicaca : ? . 0. C. 5419.
C. 480, L. 176, B. 120, Bi. 682, H. 127, Hi. 722, BN. 95,
BA. 96, Ai. 1011, Nh. 44, Nw. 22, Ni. 500, Ow. 34, Oh. 32,
Oi. 941, Ca. 1180.
Presented hi/ Captain Tucker, R.y., 1849.
PERU, BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
305
1007. An artificially elongated skull from the mausoleum at
Patacamaya (the hundred dead), near Belen, Bolivia :
S ? 0. C. 5414.
C. 510, L. 183, B. 128, BI. 699, H. 137, Hi. 749, BX. 96,
BA. 102, Ai. 1063, Nh. 51, Nw. 23, Ni. 451, Ow. 37, Oh. 37,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1460.
Presented hi/ J. B. Pentland, Esq.
1008. The skull of a Peruvian : ? .
Obtained from the sea-slope, one mile south of Arica, by
Dr. Cruise, E.N.
C. 465, L. 155, B. 136, Bi. 877, H. 137, Hi. 884, BN. 96,
BA. 100, Ai. 1042, Nh. 41, Nw. 21, Ni. 512, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1260.
Presented hy Captain R. F. Burton, 18G9.
1009. The skull and imperfect skeleton taken from the mummy
of a child found near Arica.
Obtained by Lieut. HoUand, E.N., from the same spot as the
last, where numerous mummified bodies Tvere partially exposed
by the effects of a great earthquake-wave washing over the
burial-place. A young dog was wrapped within the same
outer cloth with the child. Its skeleton is preserved in the
Museum (0. C. 545).
The skull is deformed, though not to a great degree, by com-
pressing bandages, which passed from the nape around the
forehead and across the vertex. The milk-teeth alone are in
place, the crowns of the first permanent molars being still within
the alveoli.
C. 442, L. 152, B. 130, Bi. 855, H. 116, Hi. 763, BN. 75,
BA. 73, Ai. 973, Nh. 32, Nw. 18, Ni. 563, Ow. 29, Oh. 28,
Oi. 966.
Presented hy the Rev. F. W. Holland, 1869.
1010. The cranium of a Peruvian of the Inca race 0. C. 5422.
C. 488, L. 168, B. 143, Bi. 851, H. 139, Hi. 827, BN. 101,
BA. 101, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 21, Ni. 447, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 91S, Ca. 1390.
Presented hy Alexander Nasmyth, Esq., 1837.
306
AMERICA.
1010 ^ The cranium o£ a Peruvian of the Inca race from the
valley of the Rimac : .
(Trans. Ethnolog. Soc, vol. ii. p. 216 et seq.)
C. 503, L. 162, B. 151, Bi. 932, H. 129, Hi. 796, BN. 102,
BA. 101, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
01. 917, Ca. 1330.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 5.
1011. The cranium of a Peruvian of the Inca race. 0. C. 5423.
C. 482, L. 167, B. 140, Bi. 838, H. 126, Hi. 754, BN. 94,
BA. 98, Ai. 1043, Nh. 48, Nw. 22, Ni. 458, Ow. 35, Oh. 35,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1220.
Presented by Alexander Nasmijth, Esq., 1837.
1011 ^ The cranium of a Peruvian from the collection of the
late E. W. Cooke, Esq., Bart., F.R.S. Marked " Peru."
C. 495, L. 177, B. 131, Bi. 740, H. 131, Hi. 740, BN. 96,
BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1355.
Presented hy Conrad William Cooke, Esq., 1881.
1011". A cranium from an ancient Peruvian burying-grounil
(exact locality unknown) : (J .
Remarkable for the extent of occipital flattening. The
vertex has suffered from inflammation and ulceration of the
bone. The meatuses are completely filled with exostoses.
C. 480, L. 152, B. 167, Bi. 1092, H. 133, Hi. 875, BN. 98,
BA. 96, Ai. 980, Nh. 56, Nw. 22, Ni. 393, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1425.
Presented hy IF. Bamhrigge Fletcher, Esq.,
Staff-Surgeon E.^\, 1881.
1011^. A cranium from Peru.
C. 476, L. 168, B. 128, Bi. 762, H. 128, Hi. 762, BN. 93,
BA. 96, Ai. 1032, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1105.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 19.
1012. The skull of a modern Peruvian child from the valley of
C'opyapo, tliirty-three leagues from the coast. 0. C.
5425.
The milk-molars are retained; but the anterior permanent
incisors and the first permanent molars are in place. The child
PERIV BOLIVIA, AND CHILE.
307
has been the subject of cbrouic hydrocephalus, whereby the
cranium has become unusually expanded. Posteriorly it shows
the flattening produced by the resting-board.
C. 500, L. 162, B. 160, Bi. 998, H. 135, Hi. 833, BN. 88,
BA. 82, Ai. 932, Nh. 42, Nw. 20, Ni. 476, Ow. 34, Oh. 33,
Oi. 971.
PurcJiased, 1843.
1013. The articulated skeleton o£ a young female Peruvian.
This and the following were prepared from bodies found by
the donor dried in a sitting posture, with the hands between
the legs, in an ancient burial ground at Chiuchiu, on the road
from Cobija to Caracolis, Bolivia. Photographs of the bodies as
they appeared before maceration are preserved with them. They
were extremely fat ; and both have punctured wounds, made by
some sharp instrument, through the frontal bone, which (as the
dried skin showed corresponding marks of injury) had probably
been made during life. A similar wound is seen in the frontal
bone of No. 991.
The skulls of both appear to have suffered somewhat from
fronto-occipital pressure during infancy.
The epiphyses of the upper end of the humerus, the lower
end of the radius and ulna, and the lower end of the femur have
not yet united to the shafts. The basilar suture of the cranium
is consolidated ; but the third molar teeth are not yet in place.
Height of skeleton 4 feet 11 inches=1498, clavicle 138,
humerus 287, radius 225, femur 409, tibia 343.
Cranium : C. 465, L. 153, B. 141, Bi. 922, H. 130, Hi. 850,
BN. 88, BA. 88, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 35,
Oh. 37, Oi. 1057, Ca. 1230.
Presented hy Reginald J. G. Leigh, Esq., 1873.
1014. The articulated skeleton of a young female Peruvian.
Taken from the same burial-ground and at the same time as
the last.
The posterior molars have been acquired ; but the epiphyses
are in the same condition as in the other skeleton.
Height of skeleton 5 feet = 1522, clavicle 134, humerus 281,
radius 228, femur 395, tibia 342.
Cranium : C. 471, L. 158, B. 142, Bi. 899, H. 130, Hi. 823,
BN. 89, BA. 95, Ai. 1067, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 35,
Oh. 33, Oi. 943, Ca. 1240.
Prese7ited hy Reginald J. G. Leigh, Esq., 1873.
x2
308
AMERICA.
1014 ^ The skeleton of a male Peruvian, prepared in 1879,
from a mummy dried in the sitting posture, of which a
photograph is preserved.
Pound in one of the native sepulchres, or guacas, in some
calcareous hiUs in the district of Caxamarca, Peru, ia 1821 ;
brought to England by the late General Paroissieu, Deputy
from the Government of Peru, as a present from General San
Martin to his late Majesty, King George the Fourth, by whom
it was presented to the Museum in 1823. (See Catalogue of
Museum, Part VI., "Vascular and Miscellaneous Preparations
in a Dried State," No. V42, p. 53.)
Clavicle, 146 ; humerus, r. 308, I. 302 ; radius, r. 242, 1. 238 ;
femur, r. 425, I. 428 ; tibia, r. 355, I. 355.
Cranium : C. 508, L. 180, B. 139, Bi. 772, H. 134, Hi. 744,
m. 100, BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469,
Ow. 39, Oh. 36, Oi. 923, Ca. 1450.
1014 ^. The skeleton of male Peruvian (mummy) showing sym-
metrical bony growths on the inner surface of the lower
jaw.
Clavicle 163 ; humerus, r. 302, 1 298 ; radius, r. 229, I. 225 ;
femur, r. 412, I 417 ; tibia, r. 336.
Cranium : C. 525, L. 183, B. 143, Bi. 781, H. 139, Hi. 760,
BN. 99, BA. 90, Ai. 909, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 37,
Oh. 38, Oi. 1027, Ca. 1605.
Furchased, 1894.
1014 ^. The skeleton of a young male Peruvian (mummy).
C. 464, L. ]62, B. 129, Bi. 796, H. 124, Hi. 765, BN. 90,
BA. 85, Ai, 944, Nh. 44, Nw. 20, Ni. 455, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972.
Furchased, 1894.
1014 The skull of an ancient Peruvian.
C. 460, L. 163, B. 132, Bi. 810, H. 135, Hi. 823, BN. 99,
BA. 105, Ai. 1001, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 86.5, Ca. 1310.
Presented hij J. Bland-Sutton, Esq., 1889.
1014 ^ The cranium of a Chango, S , f^'oin the coast of Bolivia.
C. 485, L. 158, B. 149, Bi. 943, H. 147, Hi. 930, BN. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1500.
Anthropnl. Soc, No. 7.
PATAGONIA.
309
1014 ^. Cranium from the coast of Bolivia : J* •
(Trans. Ethnolog. Soc, vol. ii. p. 216.)
C. 479, L. 161, B. 141, Bi. 876, H. 136, Hi. 845, BN. 98,
BA. 99, Ai. 1010, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
01. 842.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 8.
1015. A mutilated cranium (?) and various other bones from
Indian graves in the Coquimbo district, Chile.
Collected by Dr. R. 0. Cunningham, H.M.S. ' Nassau.'
C. 473, L. 165, B. 130, Bi. 788, H. 129, Hi. 782, BN. 94,
Ca. 1050.
Presented hy the Admiralty, 1869.
1015 ^ A cranium (c. 60" years of age) found in 1875 in an
Indian cemetery of the Catrial Tribe at Azul, Province of
Buenos Ayres, by the donor.
C. 499, L. 164, B. 146, Bi. 890, H. 139, Hi. 848, BN. 90,
Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 40, Oh. 38, Oi. 950, Ca. 1475.
Presented hy Senor Francesco P. Moreno, 1880.
H. Patagonia.
1016. The cranium of a Patagonian : ? .
Obtained by Dr. R. 0. Cunningham from Port Melinka,
Guaytecas Islands, west coast of Patagonia, north of the Chonos
Archipelago.
C. 495, L. 171, B. 140, Bi. 819, H. 137, Hi. 801, BN. 100,
BA. 99, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nw. 23, Ni. 469, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1380.
Presented hy the Admiralty, 1869.
1017. A mutilated cranium from the same locality : J" .
Presented hy the Admiralty, 1869.
1018. A mutilated cranium of a young person (?) from the
same locality.
The basilar suture is open. The permanent teeth have all
been acquired except the third molars.
C. 465, L. 165, B. 135, Bi. 818, H. 127, Hi. 770, BN. 93,
BA. 87, Ai. 935, Nh. 45, Nw. 21, Ni. 467, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861.
Presented hy the Admiralty, 1869.
310
AMERICA,
1019. A lower jaw, two ossa iiinoniiiiata, and a scapula from the
same locality. Presented by the Admiralty, 1869.
1020. The cranium of an Indian from the Chonos Islands : ? ?
Collected by Dr. R. 0. Cunninsham, H.M.S. 'Nassau.'
C. 506, L. 178, B. 141, Bi. 792, H. 134, Hi. 753, B?f. 98,
BA. 96, Ai. 980, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 3J,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1305.
Presenied hy the Admiralty, 1869.
1021. The cranium of a Patagonian : ^ . 0. C. 5426.
This and the following were taken from under a heap of
stones on the east coast of Patagonia, near Port Melo.
C..527, L. 179, B. 157, Bi. 877, H. 140, Hi. 782, BN. 99,
BA. 105, Ai. 1061, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 42, Oh. 39,
Oi. 929, Ca. 1650.
Presented by Admiral Robert Fitzroy.
1022. The cranium of a Patagonian : S - 0. C. 5427.
From the same locality as the last. The natural form of this
skull appears to have been somewhat modified by occipital
pressure.
C. 515, L. 165, B. 163, Bi. 988, H. 138, Hi. 836, BK 102,
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 57, Nw. 21, Ni. 368, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1510.
Presented by Admiral Robert Fitzroy.
1023. The mutilated cranium of a Patagonian from Sandy
Point, Strait of Magellan : •
Obtained by Dr. R. 0. Cunningham, H.M.S. ' Nassau.'
C. 525, L. 182, B. 145, Bi. 797, Nh. 56, Nw. 26, Ni. 464,
Ow. 42, Oh. 38, Oi. 905.
Presetited by the Admiralty, 1869.
1024. The cranium of a Patagonian : ^ . Probably from the
Eio Negro.
" Dug up ill Patagonia by F. P. Moreno, who gave it to
Governor Robinson, and unquestionably what it professes
10 be."
The forehead appears to have been artificially flattened ; and
there is a marked depression in the upper and anterior region
of each parietal bone. The calvarial sutures are remarkable for
their comi)lexily.
TATAGONIA.
311
C. 485, L. 166, B. 146, Bi. 880, H. 132, Hi. 795, BN. 98,
BA. 103, Ai. 1051, Nh. 49, Nw. 20, Ni. 408, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1325.
Presented hy His Excellency William C. F. Robinson,
Governor of the Falkland Islands, 1869.
1024 \ The skull o£ a Puelche Indian : c? •
C. 520, L. 184, B. 143, Bi. 777, H. 142, Hi. 772, BN. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 41, Oh. 38,
Oi. 927, Ca. 1650.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 131.
1024 2, The skull of a Puelche.
C. 495, L. 177, B. 132, Bi. 746, H. 140, Hi. 791, BN. 106,
BA. 98, Ai. 925, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 41, Oh. 40,
Oi. 976.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 98.
1024 ^. The cranium of a Puelche : ? .
C. 475, L. 170, B. 132, Bi. 776, H. 140, Hi. 824, BN. 106,
BA, 98, Ai. 925, Nh. 52, Nw. 23, Ni. 442, Ow. 41, Oh. 40,
Oi. 976.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 97.
1024 *. The cranium of an aged Arica Indian : ^ .
Artificially deformed by occipital pressure. The ealvarial
sutures are obliterated.
C. 487, L. 168, B. 138, Bi. 821, H. 142, Hi. 845, BN. 103,
BA. 108, Ai. 1049, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1420.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 96.
1024 ®. The cranium of an Arica Indian, mutilated.
C. 478, L. 161, B. 138, Bi. 857, H. 137, Hi. 851, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 47, Nw. 22, Ni. 468, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 95.
1024 «. The skull of a Patagonian : <S ■
(Jour. Anthropol. Inst., vol. xii. p. 28.)
From a modern Indian burying-ground at Carmen, at the
mouth of the liio Negro, S.E. coast, Lat, 44° S.
C. 497, L. 163, B. 149, Bi. 914, H. 149, Hi. 914, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1490.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 216.
312
AMERICA.
1024^. The cranium o£ a Patagonian.
C. 505, L. 175, B. 143, Bi. 817, H. 142, Hi. 811, 106,
BA. 104, Ai. 981, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1525.
Presented hy J. P. Gmj, Esq., 1900.
I. TiERRA DEL FUEGO.
1025. A cranium, with a considerable portion o£ the slveleton,
of a male native of Tierra del Fuego. 0. C. 5428 to
5440.
This skull is figured in a paper by Prof. Huxley, " Oa the
Form of the Cranium among the Patagonians and Fuegians,"
'Journal of Anatomy and Physiology,' vol. ii. (1868) p. 254.
The bones of the skeleton are — five upper cervical vertebrae,
the sternum, left scapula, right clavicle, left humerus, left radius,
left ulna, left os innominatum, left femur, left tibia, left fibula.
Clavicle 154, humerus 300, radius 241, femur 427, tibia 365.
Cranium : C. 518, L. 188, B. 139, Bi. 739, H. 139, Hi. 739,
BN. 107, BA. 110, Ai. 1028, Nh. 51, Nvv. 21, Ni. 412, Ow. 40,
Oh. 37, Oi. 925, Ca. 1420.
Presented hy Admiral Pohert Filzroij, 1830.
1025 ^ The skeleton of a female native from Tierra del Fuego.
Articulated.
Humerus, r. 303, I. 290 ; radius, r. 222, I. 230 ; femur 416 ;
tibia, r. 336, I. 334.
Cranium : C. 526, L. 185, B. 145, Bi. 784, H. 136, Hi. 735,
BN. 106, BA. 103, Ai. 972, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 42,
Oh, 37, Oi. 881, Ca. 1530.
Purchased, 1892.
1025 ^ The skull of a male Fuegian.
Found in 1879, buried in an old shell-heap near Ushuwia or
Ooshooia, in Tierra del Fuego.
The ■whole skeleton was found, and was said by the donor
(who examined the bones) to be that of " a remarkably tall
man." The shell-heaps were the general burying-places of the
natives before they had spades and other implements. Yahgan
or Southern Canoe Tribe.
TIERRA DEL FUEQO.
313
C. 535, L. 192, B. 141, Bi. 734, H. 138, Hi. 719, BN. 109,
BA. 110, Ai. 1009, Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 41, Oh. 39,
Oi. 951, Ca. 1525.
Presented by the Rev. Thomas Bridges, S. American
Missionary Society, 1880.
1025 ^. The skull and incomplete skeleton of a male Fuegian.
Clavicle, r. 151, I. 150; humerus, r. 298, 292 : femur,
I. 427 ; tibia, I. 327.
Cranium : C. 520, L. 183, B. 143, Bi, 781, H. 141, Hi. 770,
BN. 102, BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 54, Nw. 25, Ni. 463, Ow. 39,
Oh. 38, Oi. 974, Ca. 1480.
1025''. The skull and incomplete skeleton of a male Fuegian.
Clavicle, r. 143, I. 144 ; humerus, r. 324, I. 320 ; radius,
r. 260, ?. 256 ; femur, r. 431, I. 427 ; tibia, r. 350, I. 347.
Cranium : C. 520, L. 187, B. 141, Bi. 754, H. 143, Hi. 765,
BN. 105, BA. 101, Ai. 962, Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Ni. 473, Ow. 39,
Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1500.
1025 \ The skull of a Fuegian.
C. 505, L. 177, B. 141, Bi. 797, H. 138, Hi. 780, BN. 99,
BA, 98, Ai. 990, Nh. 53, Nw. 22, Ni. 415, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1390.
1025 ^. The cranium of a Fuegian : ? .
C. 495, L. 178, B. 139, Bi. 781, H. 131, Hi. 736, BN. 96,
BA. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1220.
1025 \ The skull of a Fuegian.
C. 527, L. 191, B. 142, Bi. 743, H. 143, Hi. 749, BN. 102,
BA. 96, Ai. 941, Nh. 49, Nw. 22, Ni. 449, Ow. 40, Oh. 39,
Oi. 975, Ca. 1575.
1025 ^. The cranium of a Fuegian.
C. 495, L. 176, B. 141, Bi. 801, H. 143, Hi. 813, BN. 102,
BA. 96, Ai. 941, Nh. 46, Nw, 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1365.
1025 ^. Numerous bones of Fuegians.
The above seven specimens presented by the
Rev. Thomas Bridges, Aug. 1883.
314
AUSTRALIA.
1026. The calvaria of a Fuegian : ? .
" Dug up in Fuegia by one of the crew of the Missionary
schooner ' Allen Gardiner.' Unquestionably what it professes
to be."
C. 490, L. 170, B. 139, Bi. 818, H. 129, Hi. 759, Bi\. 98,
Ca. 1210.
Presented hy His Excellency William C. F. Robinson,
Governor of the Falkland Islands, 186'.K
1027. The cranium of a native of Fuegia : S •
C. 502, L. 179, B. 137, Bi. 765, H. 124, Hi. 693, BN. 101,
BA. 107, Ai. 1059, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1200.
Presented by the Per. J. C. Lory, Chaplain at
the Falkland Islands, 1874.
1027 The cranium of a native of Tiorra del Fuego : ? .
About 15 years of age, who was murdered and buried iindcr
a pile of stones on a small island near Ooshosi or Ushuwia, tho
South- American Missionary Settlement in Tierra del Fuego.
C. 465, L. 164, B. 133, Bi. 811, H. 127, Hi. 774, BN. 91,
BA. 86, Ai. 945, Nh. 44, Nw. 21, Ni. 477, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1230.
Presented by Ernest A. Hohnested, Esq., 1870.
6. AUSTRALIA.
A. North Australia,
1028. The skeleton, not quite complete, of a male Australian,
from Cygnet Bay, King Sound, Dampier Land. 0. C.
5285 to 5303.
" The skeleton was found enveloped in three pieces of
papyrus bark on a small sandy point in Cygnet Bay. - All the
bones were closely packed together ; and the head surmounted
the whole. It did not appear to have been long interred. They
had evidently been packed with care. All the long bones were
NORTH AUSTRALIA.
315
undermost ; and the small ones were strewed in among them.
The head was resting on its base, face across." — G. Grey,
' Journal of Two Expeditions of Discovery in North-west and
West Australia ' (1841), vol. i. p. 257.
The left squamosal Joins the frontal. The nasal index is
lower than that of any other Australian in the collection ; and
the inferior part of the face and the teeth are unusually small.
The characters of the cranium, however, are those commonly
met with in the race.
Clavicle 147, humerus 317, radius 249, femur 439, tibia 360.
Cranium : C. 500, L. 181, B. 125, Bi. 691, H. 135, Hi. 746,
m. 99, BA. 96, Ai. 970, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 40,
Oh. 32, Oi. 800, Ca. 1250.
Presented by Sir George Greij, K.C.B
1029. The cranium of an Australian, from the coast of Van
Diemen's Grulf, Arnhem's Land : S •
It was found in a tree by Mr. B. Ninnis. The principRl
cranial sutures are consolidated. The squamosals almost meet
the frontals on both sides.
C. 495, L. 178, B. 121, Bi. 680, H. 132, Hi. 742, BN. 100,
BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1200.
Purchased, 1878.
1030. A mandible of an Australian, received with the above
cranium, but belonging to a different individual.
Purchased, 1878.
1031. The skull of an Australian, from the coast of Van Die-
men's Gulf, Arnhem's Land : ? .
Found on the bank of a river, near the sea. The right malar
bone and zygomatic arch have been broken away. The squa-
mosals join the frontal on both sides for a space of 16 milli-
metres. The calvarial sutures are all open, and remarkably
simple.
C. 480, L. 174, B. 120, Bi. 690, H. 126, Hi. 724, BN. 93,
BA. 95, Ai. 1022, Nh. 43, Nw. 24, Ni. 558, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816. Ca. 1060.
Purchased, 1878.
31G
AUSTRALIA.
Tlie seven following specimens were collected during the
surveying voyage of H.M.S. ' Fly,' Captain Blackwood, between
1842 and 1846.
1032. The separated bones of the skeleton of an adult male
Australian, from the neighbourhood of Port Essington.
0. C. 5185 to 5284.
In the former Catalogue the bones are individually described
and compared with those of the Chimpanzee.
The right anterior ineisor has been removed during life; and
the alveolar cavity is obliterated. The left squamosal joins tlie
frontal by a large processus fvonbalis. Tlie lower end of the left
tibia has suffered from inflammation and necrosis, and is united
to the astragalus.
Clavicle 139 ; humerus, r. 344, I. 342 ; radius, r. 260, 1. 266 ;
femur, r. 478, J. 482; tibia, r. 398.
Cranium : C. 497, L. 181, B. 12o, Bi. 691, H. 135, Hi. 746,
BN. 107, BA. 109, Ai. 1019, Nh.48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 41,
Oh. 35, Oi. 854, Ca. 1150.
Presented hy Captain Plidip Blackwood, R.N., 184G.
1033. The cranium of an Australian from Port Essington : <S .
0. C. 5317.
A very high cranium, with a greatly arched contour, but
remarkably compressed, especially just behind the orbits. Ou
the right side the squamosal joins the frontal ; on the left an
epipteric bone is interposed,
C. 492, L. 178, B. 124, Bi. 697, H. 143, Hi. 803, BN. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 42, Oh. 30,
Oi. 714, Ca. 1200.
Presented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1034. The cranium of an Australian, from Port Essington : ? .
0. 0. 5330.
C. 488, L. 176, B. 128, Bi. 727, H. 128, Hi. 727, BN. 96,
BA. 102, Ai. 1063, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
01. 816, Ca. 1120.
Presented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1035. The skull of a young Australian, from Port Essington :
cJ? 0. C. 5300.
The basilar suture is open ; and the posterior molars arc not
ycfc in place. The right anterior incisor has been removed
during life.
NORTH AUSTRALIA.
317
C. 493, L. 181, B. 127, Bi. 702, H. 133, Hi. 735, BN. 95,
BA. 91, Ai. 958, Nh. 45, Nw. 26, Ni. 578, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838.
Presented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 184G.
1036. The cranium of an Australian somewhat younger than
the preceding, from Port Essington : ? 0. C. 5336.
The right anterior incisor has been removed during life.
C. 482, L. 176, B. 121, Bi. 688, H. 126, Hi. 716, BN. 89,
BA. 89, Ai. 1000, J^h. 40, Nw. 23, Ni. 575, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811.
Presented l>y J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 184G.
1037. The cranium of an Australian, from Port Essington, of
the same age as the last : ? 0. C. 5335.
The right anterior incisor has been similarly removed.
C. 477, L. 175, B. 122, Bi. 697, H. 130, Hi. 743, BN. 90,
BA. 89, Ai. 989, Nh. 41, Nw. 24, Ni. 585, Ow. 36, Oh. 29,
Oi. 806.
Presented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1038. The cranium and some other bones (a rib, the right
clavicle, the humeri, the right ulna, the femora and tibiae,
all wanting the epiphyses) of an Australian, about the
same age as the last two, from Port Essington : ? ?
0. C. 5337 to 5343.
None of the incisors have been removed during life. The
mastoid processes are less developed, and the first molar (the
only tooth remaining) is smaller, than in the three last. All the
permanent teeth have been in place, except the third molars.
C. 472, L. 173, B. 124, Bi. 717, H. 129, Hi. 746, BN. 93,
BA. 89, Ai. 957, Nh. 43, Nw. 23, Ni. 535, Ow. 34, Oh. 32,
01. 941.
Presented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1039. The skull of an Australian, from Cape York : ^ .
An extremely heavy cranium, with the sutures in great part
consolidated. In the middle of the palate, immediately behind
the incisor teeth, is a deep oval pit, half an inch in long diameter,
with sharply defined edges, in which a tumour or cyst must
have lodged.
C. 514, L. 187, B. 128, Bi. 684, H. 130, Hi. 695, BN. 103,
BA. 109, Ai. 1058, Nh. 51, Nw. 27, Ni. 529, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1210.
Presented hy Lieut. R. IT. Armit, R.K, 1870.
318
AUSTRALIA.
1040. The skull of an Australian, from Cape York : ? .
C. 490, L. 178, B. 121, Bi. 680, H. 128, Hi. 719, BN. 99,
BA. 102, Ai. 1030, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1110.
Presented hj Lieut. R. H. Armit, R.N., 1870.
1041. The ci'anium of an Australian, from Cape York : ? .
C. 483, L. ]75, B. 128, Bi. 731, H. 126, Hi. 720, BN. 97,
BA. 102, Ai. 1052, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oli. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1150.
Presented by Lieut. R. H. Armit, R.N., 1870.
1042. A cranium, collected at the same time and from the same
locality as the last three, but which presents the characters
of the Polynesian rather than the Australian race *. S •
C. 502, L. 172, B. 142, Bi. 826, H. 142, Hi. 826, BN. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 54, Nw. 27, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1400
Presented hi/ Lieut. R. H. Armit, R.N., 1870.
B. Queensland.
1043. The articulated skeleton of a female Australian, from the
Condamine River, Darling Downs, about 130 miles west
of Brisbane.
The hands and feet are imperfect, and the coccyx is wanting ;
otherwise the skeleton is complete. The teeth show scarcely
any signs of wear ; hut all the calvarial sutures are partially
consolidated. The upper left lateral incisor is wanting ; and the
canine is in close contact with the median incisor. The socket
of the right lateral incisor (which has been lost) shows that the
tooth must have been of very small size.
Height of skeleton 4 feet 10-7 inches=1492; clavicle 128;
humerus, r. 307, 1 298 ; radius, r.220, /. 212 ; femur, r.&l. 419 ;
tibia, r. & I 340.
Cranium : C. 491, L. 180, B. 132, Bi. 733, H. 132, Hi. 733,
BN. 96, BA. 96, Ai. 1000, Nh. 41, Nw. 26, Ni. 634, Ow. 38,
Oh. 30, Oi. 789, Ca. 1225.
Purchased, 1867.
* This cranium, being obviously not that of an Australian, is omitted from
the calculations of the averages of the race.
QUEENSLAND.
aiy
104.3 ^. The cranium of a male Australian from Queensland.
Sent to the donor by Mr. J. Bancroft, Brisbane,
C. 540, L. 201, B. 130, Bi. 647, H. 135, Hi. 672, BN. 105,
BA. 114, Ai. 1086, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1455.
Presented hy Thomas Christy, Esq., 1880.
1043 ^. The cranium, wanting the left temporal bone, of a young
Australian from Queensland : ? .
Basilar suture not united, and third molars not in place.
(Sent with the previous specimen from Brisbane.)
C. 500, L. 182, B. 133, Bi. 731, H. 128, Hi. 703, BN. 95,
BA. 97, Ai. 1021, Nh. 45, Nw. 28, Ni. 622, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842.
Presented t>y Thomas Christy, Esq., 1880.
1043 ^ The skull of a young female from M'lvor River,
N. Queensland.
C. 540, L. 158, B. 120, Bi. 759, H. 119, Hi. 753, BN. 89,
BA. 91, Ai. 1022, Nh. 39, Nw. 22, Ni. 564, Ow. 34, Oh. 35,
Oi. 1029, Ca. 1010.
1043 The cranium of a male from Mackay, Queensland.
C. 471, L. 175, B. 116, Bi. 663, H. 120, Hi. 686, BN. 86,
BA. 90, Ai. 1047, Nh. 42, Nw. 23, Ni. 548, Ow. 39, Oh. S4,
Oi, 872, Ca. 1060.
1043 The cranium of an Australian.
The above three specimens presented by
H. Ling Roth, Esq., 1892.
1043^. The cranium of a male, from Moreton Bay, Queensland.
C. 515, L. 188, B. 135, Bi. 718, H. 138, Hi. 734, BN. 103,
BA. 105, Ai. 1019, Nh. 51, Nw. 28, Ni. 549, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1350.
Anthropol. Soc.
1043 \ The skull of a native of St. George, Maranoa, S. Queens-
land.
C. 485, L. ]73, B. 129, Bi. 746, H. 123, Hi. 711, BN. 94,
BA. 92, Ai. 979, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1160.
Presented by C. G. Seligmann, Esq., 1899.
320
AUSTRALIA.
1043*'. The cranium of a native of St. George, Maranoa,
S. Queensland.
C. 493, L. 184, E. 125, Bi. 679, H. 128, Hi. 696, EX. 105,
BA. 102, Ai. 971, Nh. 49, Nw. 30, Ni. 612, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1160.
Presented hj C. G. Seligmann, Esq., 1899.
C. New South Wales.
1044. The skeleton, not quite complete, of a maleAustralian, from
an old native burial-ground near Port Stephens, New
South Wales.
Clavicle, r. 136, I. 130 ; humerus, r. 336, I. 336 ; radius,
r. 269, I. 267 ; femur, r. 473, I. 474 ; tibia, r, 408, I. 406.
Cranium : C. 532, L. 191, E. 136, Ei. 712, H. 130, Hi 681,
EN. 103, EA 108, Ai. 1049, Nh. 49, Nw. 28, Ni. 571, Ow. 40,
Oh. 31, Oi. 775, Ca. 1450.
Purchased, 1879.
1045. The skeleton, not quite complete, of a male Australian,
from the same burial-ground near Port Stephens.
The first and second ribs of the right side are united. The
lower jaw is wanting.
Humerus, r. 348, I. 343 ; radius, r. 266, I. 264 ; femur, r. 470,
I. 468 ; tibia, r. 405, I. 405.
Cranium : C. 510, L. 184, E. 133, Ei. 723, H. 128, Hi. 696,
BN. 103, EA. 112, Ai. 1087, Nh. 56, Nw. 29, Ni. 518, Ow. 46,
Oh. 34, Oi. 739, Ca. 1250.
Purchased, 1879.
104G. The cranium of an Australian, from near Port Stephens :
? .
The typical characters of the female Australian cranium of
the lowest type are exhibited in a very marked degree in this
sj)ecimen.
C. 482, L. 173, B. 127, Bi. 734, H. 123, Hi. 711, EN. 88,
BA. 96, Ai. 1091, Nh. 45, Nw. 29, Ni. 644, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1125.
- .. , Pmrhased, 1879.
NEW SOUTH WALES.
3-21
1047. The skull of an Australian, from a native burial-o-round
a few miles from the township of Carcoar, county of
Bathurst, New South Wales : ?.
This and the following were obtained at the above-named
locality by Dr. T. W. Thursfield.
C. 482, L. 172, B. 127, Bi. 738, H. 126, Hi. 733, BN. 89,
BA. 97, Ai. 1090, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1110.
Prese7ited hy Dr. W, Brinton, 1864.
1048. The skull of an Australian, from near Carcoar, county of
Bathurst : ? .
C. 478, L. 174, B. 123, Bi. 707, H. 128, Hi. 736, BN. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 41, Nw. 24, Ni. 585, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789, Ca. 1050.
Presented hy Dr. W. Brinton, 1864.
1049. The skull of an Australian, from Carcoar, Bathurst ; J"?
C. 508, L. 182, B. 133, Bi. 731, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 104,
BA. 95, Ai. 913, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 854, Ca. 1325.
Presented hj Dr. George Bennett, 1859.
1050. The cranium of an Australian, found in a cave at Murrum-
bidgee, near Sydney S • 0. C. 5307.
C. 536, L. 193, B. 137, Bi. 710, H. 137, Hi. 710, BN. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1410.
Presented hy Dr. George Bennett.
1050^. The cranium of an Australian, dug up on the estate of
Captain Ogilvie, on the Hunter, New South Wales : <S .
See extract from a letter received by the donor with the skull
(Jour. Anthropol. Soc, vol. iv. p. 31).
C. 517, L. 184, B. 136, Bi. 739, H. 132, Hi. 717, BN. 98,
BA. 92, Ai. 939, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1630.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 3.
1050^. The cranium of a native, dug up on the estate of
Captain Ogilvie, on the Hunter.
There is a broad and deep indentation or furrow along two-
Y
322
AUSTRALIA.
thirds of the sagittal suture, the hone being very thin at this
point. Obliteration of the sutures has commenced.
C. 474, L. 173, B. 120, Bi. 694, H. 129, Hi. 746, BN. 93,
BA. 94, Ai. 1011, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 39, Oh, 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1300.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 4.
1051. The cranium of an Australian from the neighbourhood of
Sydney : ? .
Given to the donor by Dr. Stanger. The calvarial sutures
are almost obliterated, and the teeth much worn.
C. 488, L. 175, B. 128, Bi. 731, H. 124, Hi. 709, BN. 94,
BA. 100, Ai. 1064, Nh. 50, Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
Oi. 775, Ca. 1080.
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 1869.
1051 ^. The skull of an Australian. From the same burial-
ground as 1051.
Given to the donor by Dr. Stanger.
C. 490, L. 178, B. 128, Bi. 719, H. 135, Hi. 758, BN. 98,
BA. 101, Ai, 1031, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1230.
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 1881.
1052. The skull, pelvis, some vertebrse, clavicles, humeri, a
fibula, ulna, and patella of an Australian : ? .
Obtained by the donor from " the known burial-place of a
tribe of Shoalhaven Blacks settled in the Illawarra district, on
the south coast of New South Wales."
The teeth are very much worn ; but the calvarial sutures are
only slightly consolidated.
C. 509, L. 185, B. 132, Bi. 714, H. 135, Hi. 730, BN. 95,
BA. 97, Ai. 1021, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1275.
Presented by Dr. Charles Taylor, 1876.
D. Victoria.
1053. The skull of an Australian of the Western-Port tribe
(near Port Phillip) : S . 0. C. 53U4.
C. 497, L. 178, B. 130, Bi. 730, H. 131, Hi. 736, BN. 97,
BA. 101, Ai. 1041, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 42, Oh. 33,
Oi. 786, Ca. 1160.
Presented by Dr. Hobson.
VICTORIA.
323
1054. The cranium of an Australian from the Port Phillip
district : c?? 0. C. 5314.
The large capacity, aud the character of the supraorbital
region, are masculine ; but in the form of the base of the
cranium, the small size of the mastoid processes, condyles, and
posterior nates, it more resembles the female sex.
C. 508, L. 181, B. 134, Bi. 740, H. 127, Hi. 702, BX. 97,
BA. 99, Ai. 1021, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 40, Oh. 30,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1310.
Presented by Dr. Hohson.
1055. The cranium of an Australian from the Port Phillip
district : ? . 0. C. 5318.
C. 500, L. 185, B. 129, Bi. 697, H. 123, Hi. 665, BN. 96,
BA. 96, Ai. 1000, Nh. 45, Nw. 26, Ni. 578, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca, 1175.
Presented by Dr. Hohson.
1056. The cranium of an Australian from Port Phillip : ? .
C. 495, L. 176, B. 130, Bi. 739, H. 127, Hi. 722, BN. 93,
BA. 94, Ai. 1011, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1070.
Purchased, 1861.
1057. The cranium of an Australian from Port Phillip : 9 .
The squamosals join the frontals on both sides. Epipteric
bones are also present.
C. 475, L. 172, B. 127, Bi. 738, H. 124, Hi. 721, BN. 93,
BA. 99, Ai. 1065, Nh. 44, Nw. 28, Ni. 636, Ow. 38, Oh. 29,
Oi. 763, Ca. 1030.
Purchased, 1861.
1058. The cranium of a young Australian from Port Phillip.
The basilar suture is not closed. AU the permanent teeth
have been in place, except the posterior molars.
C. 464, L. 167, B. 127, Bi. 760, H. 118, Hi. 707, BN. 92,
BA. 89, Ai. 967, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919.
Purchased, 1861.
1059. The skull of an Australian from the Upper Yan-a,
Victoria : ^ .
C. 512, L. 187, B. 129, Bi. 690, H. 130, Hi. 695, BN. 99,
BA. 96, Ai. 970, Nh. 51, Nw. 28, Ni. 549, Ow. 42, Oh. 37,
Oi. 881, Ca. 1290.
Purchased, 1877.
Y 2
324
AUSTRALIA.
lOGO. The skull o£ an Australian from the Murray River : S •
Prom the collection of Baron A. von Hiigel.
C. 530, L. 191, B. 145, Bi. 759, H. 140, Hi. 733, BN. 97,
BA. 102, Ai. 1052, Nh. 52, Nw. 30, Ni. 577, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1460.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1060 \ A skull from Murray River, Victoria.
C. 510, L. 183, B. 126, Bi. 689, H. 137, Hi. 749, BN. 106,
BA. 103. Ai. 972, Nh. 49, Nw. 31, Ni. 633, Ow. 43, Oh. 36,
Oi. 837, Ca. 1250.
Presented hy Mr. George J. Bateman, 1903.
1060 ^. A cranium from World's End Creek.
C. 508, L. 191, B. 128, Bi. 670, H. 137, Hi. 717, BN. 104,
BA. 105, Ai. 1010, Nh. 48, Nw. 29, Ni. 604, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1345.
Presented hy Mr. George J. Bateman, 1903.
1001. The cranium of an Australian, found in 1842 near Port
Fairy, about a hundred miles to the west of Port Phillip:
? . 0. 0. 5915.
The squamosal join the froutals on both sides.
C. 478, L. 174, B. 125, Bi. 718, H. 126, Hi. 724, BN. 92,
BA. 101, Ai. 1098, Nh. 45, Nw. 26, Ni. 578, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1125.
Presented hy C. G. Burcliett, Esq., 1844.
1062. The skull of an Australian, found among the " sand hum-
mocks " close to the se:i at Port Fairy : ^ .
The basilar suture has but recently united. The third upper
molars, especially the right, are extremely smaU — a peculiarity
very uncommon in Australians. Those of the lower jaw are
normally developed. There is no trace of nasal spine.
C. 505, L. 185, B. 126, Bi. 681, H. 127, Hi. 686, BN. 109,
BA. 116, Ai. 1084, Nh. 51, Nw. 29, Ni. 569, Ow. 43, Oh. 35,
Oi. 814, Ca. 1185.
Presented hy Professor Huxley, 1866.
1063. The cranium of a male Australian, from Kangatong, near
. Port Fairy,
" From a man killed by a muskct-shot. Presented by Mr.
Dawson, of that place." Tliis and the next bad been for many
years in the possession of the lute Dr. James Blundell.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
325
C. 518, L. 190, B. 131, Bi. 689, H. 130, Hi. 684, BN. 99,
BA. 104, Ai. 1051, Nh. 46, Nw, 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825. Ca. 1250.
Presented by Dr. G. A. F. Wilks, 1878.
1064. The skull of an Australian, from Kangatong, near Port
Fairy: ?.
Presented to Dr. Blundell by Mr. Dawson, of that place.
C. 478, L. 172, B. 122, Bi. 709, H. 129, Hi. 750, BX. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Nh. 40, Nw. 23, Ni. 575, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1050.
Presented hij Dr. G. A. F. Wilks, 1878.
E. South Australia.
1065. The cranium of an Australian, from the neighbourhood
of Adelaide : ^ .
C. 513, L. 185, B. 137, Bi. 741, H. 142, Hi. 768, BN. 107,
BA. 107, Ai. 1000, Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 509, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1440.
Purchased^ 1861.
1065 \ The articulated skeleton of a male aboriginal, from
Manly, Port Jackson.
C. 515, L. 187, B. 136, Bi. 727, H. 141, Hi. 754, BN. 107,
BA. 102, Ai. 953, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1410.
Presented by Prof Anderson Stewart, 1898.
1065 ^. The articulated skeleton of a male South Australian.
The first left upper incisor has been removed as a tribal
custom.
C. 525, L. 194, B. 126, Bi. 649, H. 137, Hi. 706, BN. 98,
BA. 95, Ai. 969, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1490.
Purchased, 1898.
1065 The articulated skeleton of a female South Australian.
C. 490, L. 178, B. 130, Bi. 730, H. 117, Hi. 657, BN. 94,
BA. 101, Ai. 1074, Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
01. 800, Ca. 1150,
Presented hj P. H. Perks, Esq., 1898.
326
AUSTRALIA.
1066. The complete skeleton of an adult male Australian, from
the neighbourhood of Adelaide.
Prepared in 1879, from a dried and partially decayed mummy.
The mouth had been stuffed with emu's feathers, and sewn up.
The anus was also sewn up ; and the end of the prepuce, drawn
beyond the glans, had a cord tied tightly round it. The thighs
were forcibly bent upwards by the sides of the body, so that
the knees were placed beyond the shoulders ; the legs were
tightly flexed on the thighs, the heels being placed close to the
hip-joints ; the forearms were crossed in front of the lower part
of the abdomen, each hand resting upon the foot of the opposite
side. A broad bandage of netting, of native manufacture,
passed horizontally round the middle of the body, retained the
limbs in this position. The surface had been smeared with red
pigment. After this preparation the body had probably been
dried over a lire and then placed on a platform of boughs,
elevated at a distance above the ground. The mummified body
is figured, and its condition more fully described, in the ' Journal
of the Anthropological Institute,' vol. viii. (1879). A photo-
graph showing its condition before it was made into a skeleton
is also preserved in the Museum.
The squamosal meets the frontal on the left side ; on the
right an epiptoric is interposed. The frontal, right scapula and
several of the other bones have suffered from necrosis, in the
first-named case exposing the interior of the sinus.
Clavicle, r. 151, I. 152 ; humerus, r. 354, I. 347 ; radius,
r. 269, I. 267 ; femur, r. 485, I. 490 ; tibia, r. 401, I. 401.
Cranium : C. 523, L. 190, B. 135, Bi. 711, H. 132, Hi. 695,
BN. 105, BA. 109, Ai. 1038, Xh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 41,
Oh. 35, Oi. 854, Ca. 1250.
Presented hj Sir George Grey^ K.C.B., Governor
of South Australia, 1845.
1067. The skeleton of an Australian infant, from the neighbour-
hood of Adelaide.
Obtained in a dried state, Avith the last specimen. The body
and legs were in an extended position, and had apparently
not undergone any process of preparation. The bregmatic fon-
tanelle has not yet closed ; and the exoccipituls are still separate
from the supra- and basi-occipital. The milk-teeth have all
been in place, except the posterior molars, the crowns of which
are scarcely above the level of the alveolus. The frontal bone
shows signs of inflammatory action.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
327
C. 458, L. 166, B. 122, Bi. 735, H. 110, Hi. 663, B?f. 75,
BA. 72, Ai. 960, Nh. 30, Nw. 20, Ni. 667, Ow. 33, Oh. 30,
Oi. 909.
Presented by Sir George Grey, 1845.
1068. The skull of an Australian, from the neighbourhood of
Adelaide : $ . 0. C. 5305.
The skull of a large, powerful, and somewhat aged man.
The teeth are much worn, and the sagittal suture nearly oblite-
rated. The ridges defining the surface of attachment of the
temporal muscle are unusually well marked.
C. 523, L. 186, B. 136, Bi. 731, H. 138, Hi. 742, BN. 105,
BA. 109, Ai. 1038, Nh. 52, Nw. 30, Ni. 577, Ow. 42, Oh. 35,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1450.
Presented by Sir George Grey, 1844.
1068 ^ The complete skeleton of a male Australian taken from
a tree, where the body had been placed after drying.
C. 520, L. 187, B. 138, Bi. 738, H. 129, Hi. 690, BN. 104,
BA. 100, Ai. 962, Nh. 51, Nw. 27, Ni. 521, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1365.
Presented by Simmons Clark, Esq., 1882.
1068 ^. The skull of an aboriginal of the Murray River Tribe,
S. Australia, found while excavating the foundation of a
house at Courmamount, 74 miles N.E. of Adelaide.
The frontal and parietal bones show several patches of
ulceration with necrosis, probably syphilitic.
C. 510, L. 181, B. 137, Bi. 757, H. 135, Hi. 746, BN. 102,
BA. 107, Ai. 1049, Nh. 49, Nw. 31, Ni. 633, Ow. 40, Oh. 31,
01. 775, Ca. 1365.
Presented by Robert Oldfield, Esq., 1882.
1068*. The cranium of a female Australian marked Muljuli Lubra.
Several depressed patches on the surface appear to be healed
ulcerations similar to those of the last specimen.
C. 495, L. 176, B. 135, Bi. 767, H. 118, Hi. 670, BN. 94,
BA. 99, Ai. 1053, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1155.
Presented by Simmons Clark, Esq., 1882.
328
AUSTRALIA.
10G8 ^. The skull of an aboriginal from S, Australia : ^ .
Post-condjloid foramen on right side.
C. 578, L. 193, B. 133, Bi. 689, H. 130, Hi. 674, B^T. 107,
BA. 108, Ai. 1009, Nh. 54, Nw. 29, Ni. 537, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1375.
AntJiropol. Soc, No. 58.
1068 The cranium of an Australian, from York Peninsula : 9 .
C. 492, L. 179, B. 127, Bi. 709, H. 124, Bi. 693, BN. 98,
BA. 103, Ai. 1051, Nh. 50, Nw. 21, Ni. 420, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1350.
AntJiropol. Soc, No. 228.
1069. The mutilated cranium of an Australian from the vicinity
of Adelaide : S . 0. C. 5331.
"It has been converted by the natives into a water-vessel.
The sutures have been covered by a bituminous substance, with
fragments of a nacreous shell ; and a handle has been spun out
of some native grass, and passed through the foramen magnum
and the interorbital space which has been broken away, for the
purpose of suspending this primitive work of art. The external
orbital angles, from their worn and polished surface, appear to
have served as the spouts of the vessel. From the size of the
cranium, of the mastoid processes, and of the lambdoidal and
occipital ridges, this has belonged to a powerful male. The
zygomatic arches have been removed, and the fractured roots
smoothly rounded off" *.
This and the following crania, which have been treated in
the same manner, are remarkable for their low altitudinal
index.
C. 545, L. 197, B. 141, Bi. 716, H. 125, Hi. 635, Ca. 1375
(approximately).
Presented by Sir George Grey, 1844.
1070. A similarly treated cranium of an Australian, from near
Adelaide : ? . 0. C. 5332.
There is an unusually large Wormian bone in the left side
of the lambdoidal suture.
C. 500, L. 182, B. 131, Bi. 720, H. 128, Hi. 703, Ca. 1170
(approximately).
Presented hy Sir George Grey, 1844.
* CalvarifE from the same locality, treated in the same manner, are
described and ligured in the 'Thesaurus Cranioruui' of I»r. Barnard Davis.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
329
1071. A similarly treated cranium of an Australian, from near
Adelaide : ? . 0. C. 5333.
The squamosal meets the frontal on the left side.
C. 495, L. 177, B. 132, Bi. 746, H. 122, Hi. 689, Ca. 1130
(approximately) .
Presented hy Sir George Grey, 1844.
1072. A similarly treated cranium of an Australian^ from near
Adelaide : S . 0. C. 5334.
C. 520, L. 190, B. 134, Bi. 705, H. 124, Hi. 653, Ca. 1310
(approximately).
Presented by Sir George Grey, 1844.
1072 '. The skull o£ an Australian : c? •
The two outer incisors lie behind the inner ones.
C. 527, L. 192, B. 134, Bi. 698, H. 126, Hi. 656, BN. 105,
Nh. 54, Nw. 27, Xi. 500, Ow. 41, Oh. 35, Oi. 854, Ca. 1430.
Antliropol. Soc, l^o. 228 A.
1073. The frontal and parietal bones of an Australian, from near
Adelaide. 0. C. 5344.
Presented by Sir George Grey, 1844.
1074. The mutilated cranium of an Australian, almost identical
in characters and mode of preparation to No. 1069, and
presumably from the same locality : J* .
C. 547, L. 198, B. 139, Bi. 702, H. 127, Hi. 641, Ca. 1350
(approximately).
Presented by Lady Franklin, 1854,
1075. A smaller but similarly prepared cranium, probably from
the same locality : $ .
C. 503, L. 184, B. 132, Bi. 717, H. 119, Hi. 647, Ca. 1150
(approximately).
Presented hy Lady Franklin, 1856.
1076. The skull and bones of the trunk (articulated) of a female
Australian from the neighbourhood of Adelaide.
Brought from Australia in 1846 as a complete skeleton ; but
the limbs were lost before it was received by the College.
C. 518, L. 188, B. 134, Bi. 713, H. 128, Hi. 681, m. 99,
BA. 102, Ai. 1030, j\h. 51, Nw. 31, Ni. 608, Ow. 43, Oh. 34,
Oi. 791, Ca. 1320.
Purchased, 1878.
330
AUSTRALIA.
1077. The skull of an Australian from near Adelaide : ^ .
The nasal spine is quite rudimentarj'.
C. 523, L. 191, B. 132, Bi. 691, H. 134, Hi. 702, BN. 104,
BA. 109, Ai. 1048, Nh. 50, Nw. 31, Ni. 620, Ow. 42, Oh. 33,
Oi. 786, Ca. 1410.
Presented hy Dr. Thomas Cawley, 1879.
1077 ^ The incomplete skeleton of an Australian, wanting the
skull and most of the bones of the hands and feet.
The skull was removed before the skeleton came into the
donor's possession.
1077 ". The skull of an Australian. Exhumed with the last at
Adelaide in 1881 in laying the foundations of the local
exhibition, and must consequently have been at least 25
or 30 years in the ground.
C. 515, L. 190, B. 128, Bl. 674, H. 130, Hi. 684, BN. 107,
BA. 107, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
01. 805, Ca. 1315.
Presented hy Thomas Ward, Esq., J.P., City Coroner,
and Frazer S. Crawford, Esq., Adelaide, 1881.
1077 ^ The cranium of a native of South Australia.
The two central upper incisors lost during life.
C. 524, L. 188, B. 136, Bi. 723, H. 128, Hi. 681, Nh. 54,
Nw. 24, Ni. 444, Ow. 38, Oh. 35, Oi. 921, Ca. 1355.
1077 ^. The cranium of a native of South Australia.
Though adult the third left upper molar is not developed.
L. 201, B. 127, Bi. 632, H. 133, Hi. 662, BN. 107, BA. 11£,
Ai. 1047, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 40, Oh. 31, Oi. 775.
1077*. The calvaria of a native of South Australia.
C. 515, L. 187, B. 137, Bi. 733.
1077^. Two femora, two tibiro, one fibuln, two humeri, two
radii, and one ulna (whether belonging to either of the
above skulls is not certain) of Australian natives from
the neighbourhood of Adelaide.
The ahove four specimens presented hy
E. W. ^yay, Esq., M.B., 1882.
SOUTH AUSTRALIA.
331
1077 ''. The skull o£ a male native, from a district of South
Australia, 35° S. lat. and 139° 30' E. long.
(Jour. Anthropol. Inst., ii. pp. 137-139.)
C. 510, L. 185, B. 134, Bi. 724, H. 133, Hi. 719, BN. 101,
BA. 102, Ai. 1010, Nh. 52, Nw. 29, Ni. 558, Ow. 49, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1315.
Anthropol. Soc.
1077^. The cranium of a female (?) native from the same
district.
C. 535, L. 196, B. 132, Bi. 673, H. 138, Hi. 704, BN. 107,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1037, Nh, 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1490.
Anthropol. Soc.
1077 The skull of an infant about a year old, from the same
district.
Anthropol. Soc.
1078. The cranium of an Australian from a native burial-ground
at Mount Remarkable, near Port Augusta : ^ .
The calvarial sutures are almost completely obliterated ; and
the teeth are much worn.
C. 493, L. 178, B. 124, Bi. 697, H. 130, Hi. 730, BN. 101,
BA. 101, Ai. 1000, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1120.
Presented hij George Lindsay Johnson, Esq., 1876.
1079, The skull of an Australian from the same burial-ground as
the last : ? ?
The calvarial sutures are almost entirely obliterated ; and the
teeth are much worn.
C. 490, L. 180, B. 124, Bi. 689, H. 117, Hi. 650, BN. 86,
BA. 94, Ai. 1093, Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 39, Oh. 28,
Oi. 718, Ca. 1025.
Presented by George Lindsay Johnson, Esq., 1876.
1079 ^ The skull of an Australian: ?. Fi'om the northern
part of South Australia, on the line of the telegraph.
C. 493, L. 179, B. 125, Bi. 698, H. 130, Hi. 726, BN. 95,
BA. 93, Ai. 979, Nh. 41, Nw. 25, Ni. 610. Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1180.
Presented by T. W. Thursjield, Esq., M.D., 1882.
332
AUSTKALIA.
1079 2. A skull from Port Victor.
C. oOO, L. 177, B. 132, Bi. 746, H. 132, Hi. 746, BN. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1325.
Purchased, 1892.
1079 ^. A cranium from near Adelaide.
C. 505, L. 187, B. 128, Bi. 684, H. 131, Hi. 701, BN. 98,
BA. 105, Ai. 1071, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 879, Ca. 1238.
Purchased, 1892.
1079 *. A cranium from Lake Alexandrina.
C. 520, L. 194, B. 130, Bi. 670, H. 129, Hi. 665, BN. 103,
BA. 103, Ai. 1000, Ow. 42, Oh. 39, Oi. 929, Ca. 1310.
Purchased, 1892.
1079 ^. A cranium from near Adelaide.
C. 510, L. 186, B. 129, Bi. 694, H. 129, Hi. 694, BN. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875.
Purchased, 1892.
1079 ^. A cranium from near Adelaide.
C. 510, L. 181, B. 133, Bi. 735, H. 133, Hi. 735, BN. 99,
BA. 100, Ai. 1010, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1235.
Purchased, 1892.
1079 ^ A cranium from near Adelaide.
C. 499, L. 183, B. 128, Bi. 699, H. 128, Hi. 699, BN. 96,
BA. 97, Ai. 1010, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1235.
Purchased, 1892.
1079 A cranium from near Adelaide.
C. 482, L. 175, B. 127, Bi. 726, H. 117, Hi. 669, BN. 94,
BA. 97, Ai. 1032, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1158.
Purchased, 1892.
WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
333
F. "Western Australia.
1080. The cranium of an Australian from King George's Sound:
? 0. C. 5319.
C. 505, L. 184, B. 130, Bi. 707, H, 130, Hi. 707, BN. 99,
BA, 106, Ai. 1071, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1230.
Presented hy Captain Philip King, R.N.
1081. The cranium of an Australian from King George's
Sound : S •
C. 518, L. 190, B. 132, Bi. 695, H. 137, Hi. 721, BN. 104,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1067, Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 43, Oh. 31,
Oi. 721, Ca. 1330.
Presented hy F. Le Gros Clark, Esq., 187.5.
1082. The skull of a male Australian from the Swan-River
Settlement.
From a man known to the residents of the colony as above
the ordinary average of intelligence among the natives, who
was killed in a fray with some of his race about the year 1847.
The frontal region is broader and more prominent than in most
Australians ; but the general conformation of the cranium, and
especially of the face, is perfectly characteristic of the race.
C. 533, L. 193, B. 132, Bi. 684, H. 132, Hi. 684, BN. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 42, Nw. 29, Ni. 690, Ow. 40, Oh. 30,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1370.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1864.
1083. The cranium of an Australian, said to be from Swan
River : ^ .
This is exceptionally round for an Australian skull. There
are numerous Wormian bones in the lambdoidal suture. The
squamosal and frontal meet on the right and nearly on the left
side.
C. 490, L. 171, B. 132, Bi. 772, H. 130, Hi. 760, BN. 96,
BA. 102, Ai. 1063, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1200.
Presented hy Lady Franklin.
331
AUSTRALIA.
1083 K The skull of a gin (aboriginal woman) from the Mur-
chison district of Western Australia.
C. 485, L. 176, B. 123, Bi. 699, H. 122, Hi. 693, BN. 91,
BA. 95, Ai. 1044, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni, 533, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892.
Presented hy Earle Newton, Esq., 190G.
1083^. The incomplete skeleton of a female from Western
Australia.
C. 488, L. 176, B. 125, Bi. 710, H. 134, Hi. 761, BX. 97,
BA. 100, Ai. 1031, Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1200.
Purchased, 1906.
The exact locality from which the following specimens were
obtained has not been recorded. It is probable that they are
mostly from New South AVales, as the earliest district settled,
and the only one from which the Hunterian specimens could
have been obtained.
1084. The cranium of an Australian : S ■ 0. C. 5310.
The aperture of each auditory meatus is partially filled with
smooth, rounded, dense, bony growths.
C. 500, L. 183, B. 130, Bi. 710, H. 138, Hi. 754, BN. 103,
BA. 109, Ai. 1058, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 42, Oh. 34,
Oi. 810, Ca. 1310.
Hunterian.
1085. The cranium of an Australian : S ' 0. C. 5313.
C. 495, L. 177, B. 128, Bi. 723, H. 132, Hi. 746, BN. 101,
BA. 109, Ai. 1079, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1260.
Hunterian.
1086. The cranium, wanting the right temporal bone, of an
Australian : ? . 0. C. 5312.
Although that of an adult (the basilar suture being closed,
and the right third molar fully in place), both posterior milk-
molars are retained, with no ajipearance of absorption of their
long roots. The premolars, which should succeed them, are
fully developed, but are concealed and obliquely placed within
the alveolus. The left third molar is still below the level of
the alveolus ; and to its outer side was a sm:dl supplemental
WESTERN AUSTRALIA.
335
tooth (now lost) in a distinct compartment of the bone. (>See
description in 0. C. p. 825.)
C. 482, L. 172, B. 128, Bi. 744, H. 130, Hi. 756, BN. 95,
BA. 101, Ai. 1063, Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789, Ca. 1210.
Hunterian.
1087. The cranium o£ an Australian : S • 0. C. 5311.
C. 523, L. 185, B. 137, Bi. 741, H. 143, Hi. 773, BN. 105,
BA. 110, Ai. 1048, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1375.
British Museum.
1088. The articulated skeleton o£ an adult female Australian.
0. C. 5184.
The squamosal joins the frontal on both sides.
Height of skeleton 5 feet 2 inches = 1575.
Clavicle 136, humerus 318, radius 243, femur 443, tibia 372.
Cranium : C. 504, L. 183, B. 132, Bi. 721, H. 129, Hi. 705,
BN. 97, BA. 99, Ai. 1021, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 38,
Oh. 31, Oi. 816, Ca. 1260.
Presented by the Zoological Society, 1831.
1088'. The skull of an Australian: ? . From the collection
of the late E. W. Cooke, Esq., R.A., F.R.S., marked
" Australian."
C. 498, L. 176, B. 131, Bi. 744, H. 130, Hi. 739, BN. 99,
BA. 100, Ai. 1010, Nh. 47, Nw. 29, Ni. 617, Ow. 39, Oh. 29,
01. 744, Ca. 1285.
Presented by Conrad William. Coolie, Esq., 1880.
1089. The skull of an Australian : S • 0. C. 5306.
C. 506, L. 186, B. 127, Bi. 683, H. 133, Hi. 715, BN. 96,
BA. 104, Ai. 1083, Nh. 41, Nw. 28, Ni. 683, Ow. 40, Oh. 29,
Oi. 725, Ca. 1220.
Presented by Dr. George Bennett.
1090. The skull of an Australian S - 0. C. 5308.
C. 523, L. 190, B. 132, Bi. 695, H. 133, Hi. 700, BN. 106,
BA. 102, Ai. 962, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 42, Oh. 36,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1310.
Presented by Dr. Hobson.
336
AUSTRALIA.
1091. The skull of an Australian : S • 0. C. 5316.
The right anterior incisor has been removed during life, and
the alveolus obliterated. On the right side the roots of the
teeth have been exposed, showing the outer roots of the
premolars to be single and those of the large true molars
double. These teeth are figured in Owen's ' Odontography,'
plates 118 and 119. The squamosals almost meet the frontal
on both sides.
C. 508, L. 185, B. 133, Bi. 719, H. 131, Hi. 708, m. 92,
BA. 97, Ai. 1054, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 41, Oh. 31,
Oi. 756, Ca. 1240.
Purchased, 1839.
1092. The skull o£ an Australian : ? .
The squamosals almost join the frontal on both sides.
C. 495, L. 180, B. 132, Bi. 733, H. 130, Hi. 722, BN. 99,
BA. 106, Ai. 1071, Nh. 45, Nw. 30, Ni. 667, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1165.
Presented by Lady Franklin, 1854.
1092 ^' The cranium of an Australian : ? .
Obliteration of the calvarial sutures has commenced. Post-
glenoid process and supramastoid ridges weU marked.
C. 470, L. 170, B. 125, Bi. 735, H. 121, Hi, 712, BN. 94,
Kb. 44, Nw. 26, Ni. 591, Ow. 36, Oh. 29, Oi. 806, Ca. 1070.
Anthropol, Soc, No. 1G4.
1093. The calvaria of an Australian : (J .
C. 513, L. 183, B. 139, Bi. 760, H. 136, Hi. 743, Ca. 1330.
Presented hy Lady Franklin, 1854.
1094. The cranium of an Australian : ^ .
C. 528, L. 190, B. 140, Bi. 737, H. 140, Hi. 737, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 50, Nw. 31, Ni. 620, Ow. 43, Oh. 35,
Oi. 814, Ca. 1415.
1094 ^ The cranium o£ an Australian : S -
C. 530, L. 194, B. 134, Bi. 691, H. 143, Hi. 737, BN. 115,
BA. 124, Ai. 1078, Nh. 47, Nw. 28, Ni. 596, Ow. 44, Oh. 31,
Oi. 705, Ca. 1515.
Anthmpol. Soc, No. 103.
MELANESIA.
337
1095. The cranium, wanting the occipital bone, o£ a young
Australian .
All the permanent teeth, except the third molars, have been
fully in place. The basilar suture is not united.
Purchased, 1856.
1095 ^. A cranium from Australia : S • " Race unknown."
C. 526, L. 176, B. 154, Bi. 875, H. 136, Hi. 773, BN". 98,
BA. 89, Ai. 908, Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1625.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 69.
1095 ^. The cranium, ? , of half-breed : Australian and English.
C. 505, L. 179, B 139, Bi. 777, H. 123, Hi. 687, BiV. 90,
BA. 89, Ai. 989, Nh. 46, Nw. 20, Ni. 435, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 97, Ca. 1380.
Anthropol. Sac, No. 61.
1095'. The imperfect skeleton of an Australian, wanting the
skull. Tribe unknown.
7. MELANESIA*.
A. Tasmania.
1096. The articulated skeleton of an adult male native of
Tasmania.
Obtained from a grave on Flinders Island, where the remnant
of the aboriginal population, when removed from Tasmania, was
located between 1832 and 1847, and where nearly two hundi-ed
oi them died.
The central upper incisors have been removed during life.
The last molars are very irregularly placed.
Height of skeleton 5 feet 3*3 inches = 1607.
Clavicle, r. 154, I, 158 ; humerus, r. 324, I. 323 ; radius,
r. 263, I. 261 ; femur, r. 463, I 469 ; tibia, r. 390, I. 388.
Cranium : C. 516, L. 183, B. 138, Bi. 754, H. 134, Hi. 732,
BN. 97, Nh. 49, Nw. 30, Ni. 612, Ow. 41, Oh. 32, Oi. 780,
Ca. 1400.
Presented hy Morton Allport, Esq., 1872.
* This division is extended beyond the Umits usually assigned to it by
geographers, for reasons explained in the Introduction.
z
338
MELANESIA.
1097. The articulated skeleton of an adult female Tasmanian.
The following account of this woman is extracted from Bon-
wick's 'Last of the Tasmanians ' (1870), where a portrait of
her, from a photograph taken in 1866, is given. She was one
of the last survivors of the race. " Eessy Clark, called after
the wife of the catechist, was then (1859) under forty years of
age, and was the best-looking of the sisterhood. There was no
projection of the lower jaw ; and her good humour gave a
pleasant expression to her swarthy features. Her native name
was ' Pinnano-bathae ' (the Kangaroo-head). She had not led
a forest life with her people, having been rescued in early child-
hood. When Mr. G. A. Eobinson was out with his son and
•others seeking after the Macquarie-Harbour tribe, a family were
disturbed at their fire so suddenly that a mother in her fright,
forgot her little girl, whom she had left near the warm embers.
The deserted infant was placed on the back of young Robinson,
and ultimately confided to the care of a country woman on
Flinders Island. When old enough she was sent for education
and training to the orphan scliool at Newtown, near Hobart
Town. It was thought she would there be removed from the
temptations of aboriginal life. Subsequently she was removed
to Flinders, and married to Augustus the Magnificent." In
1847 she accompanied the remnant of her race from Flinders
Island to Oyster Cove, where she died February 12th, 1867,
being probably about forty years of age.
The upper incisors have been lost during life ; and the pos-
terior molars are irregularly developed. The frontal suture is
persistent. The sternum and left hand of the skeleton are
missing, as are many of the phalanges of all the extremities.
Height of skeleton 4 feet 8 inches = 1422.
Clavicle, r. 130, I. 130 ; humerus, r. 274, /. 275 ; radius,
r. 212, 7. 217 ; femur, r. 397, 1 397; tibia, r. 318, I. 311.
Cranium : C. 492, L. 175, B. 133, Bi. 760, H. 119, Hi. 680,
m. 87, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865,
Ca. 1110.
Presented hy Morton Allport, Esq., 1872.
1098. Tlie cranium of a Tasmanian : S • 0. C. 5324.
C. 504, L. 180, B. 137, Bi. 761, H. 139, Hi. 772, BN. 94,
BA. 106, Ai. 1128, Nh. 44, Nw. 26, Ni. 591, Ow. 42, Oh. 30,
Oi. 714, Ca. 1275.
Hunterian.
TASMANIA,
339
1099. The skull of a Tasmanian : . 0. C. 5320.
Though no trace of the basilar suture remains, and the lamb-
doidal suture is partly consolidated, the posterior molars are not
fully in place. In many of the Tasmanian skulls these teeth
appear to he developed at a comparatively late period, and are
often irregularly placed.
C. 512, L. 181, B. 139, Bi. 768, H. 133, Hi. 735, BN. 102,
BA. 104, Ai. 1020, N"h. 50, Nw. 29, Ni. 580, Ow. 40, Oh. 30,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1330.
Presented by Ronald Gunn, Esq.
1100. The cranium of a Tasmanian : J . 0. C. 532.5.
A section lias been made through the prominent glabella and
supraorbital ridges, showing that they contain no air-sinuses,
but are filled with a cancellous diploe. The teeth have been
very much worn ; and the calvarial sutures are partially
obliterated.
C. 517, L. 188, B. 135, Bi. 718, H. 140, Hi. 745, BX. 101,
BA. 104, Ai. 1030, Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1330.
Presented by Ronald Gunn, Esq.
1101. The cranium of a Tasmanian : ^ .
Marked " Tasmanian warrior, killed at Brushy Plains."
C. 513, L. 183, B. 137, Bi. 749, H. 129, Hi. 705, BN. 98,
BA. 100, Ai. 1020, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 39, Oh. 29,
Oi. 744, Ca. 1230.
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 18G4,
1102. The cranium of a Tasmanian : J".
Brought from Tasmania by Dr. Milligan. Figured in Busk's
' Crania Typiea,' pi. vi.
C. 511, L. 183, B. 140, Bi. 765, H. 127, Hi. 694, BN. 90,
Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 36, Oh. 28, Oi. 778, Ca. 1290.
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 1864.
1103. The cranium of a Tasmanian : ^ .
This specimen was entered in the MS. catalogue as " Cranium
of an Australian," but without further description or indication
as to precise locality ; but its characters are so decidedly Tas-
manian that it has been removed to the present series. Lady
Franklin resided for many years in Tasmania, when her hus-
band was governor of that island ; and it is quite probable that
z 2
340
MELANESIA.
she may have had Tasmanian as well as Australian skulls in
her collection.
C. 483, L. 173, B. 135, Bi. 780, H. 124, Hi. 717, BN. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 43, Nw. 27, Ni. 628, Ow. 37, Oh. 29,
Oi. 784, Ca. 1100.
Presented hy Lady Franklin, 1854.
1104. A cranium, described in the former Catalogue as that of
a Tasmanian, but presenting somewhat exceptional cha-
racters, if really belonging to au individual of that race :
^ . 0. C. 5328.
The calvarial sutures are almost obliterated, and the teeth
have been worn down to stumps. A horizontal section has been
made across the glabella, showing that the usual air-sinuses of
that region are well developed.
C. 518, L. 188, B. 133, Bi. 707, H. 137. Hi. 729, BN. 113,
BA. 110, Ai. 973, Nh. 55, Nw. 27, Ni. 491, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1335.
Presented hy Dr. Hohson.
1105. The cranium of a Tasmanian : ? . 0. C. 5326.
C. 478, L. 169, B. 135, Bi. 799, H. 126, Hi. 746, BN. 89,
BA. 94, Ai. 1056, Nh. 41, Nw. 25, Ni. 610, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1145.
Hunterian,
HOG. The skull, with the atlas, of a Tasmanian: ? . 0. C. 5322.
" From Port Dalrymple, Van Diemeii's Land."
Though the basilar suture has united, the posterior molars
are not in place in either jaw. There are but three inferior
incisors, the middle one in a line with the symphysis, and
opposing the interspace of the two upper central incisors.
C. 486, L. 175, B. 127, Bi. 726, H. 127, Hi. 726, BN. 97,
BA. 94, Ai. 969, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1180.
Presented hy Sir Everai'd Home, Pai-t., 1801).
1107. The cranium of a Tasmanian which has been vertically
and transversely bisected : ? . 0. C. 5327 and 57G3.
The basilar suture has but recently united.
TASMANIA.
341
C. 488, L. 176, B. 132, Bi. 750, H. 125, Hi. 710, BN. 92,
BA. 90, Ai. 978, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, M. 568, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1225.
Presented hy Ronald Gunn, Esq.
1108. The skull of a Tasmanian : ? .
From a grave in Bruni Island.
The circumstances under which this specimen was obtained
are described in the following note from the donor : — " When
H.M.S. ' Ply' was at Hobart Town in 1842, a young gentleman
of great intelligence and adventure volunteered to accompany
Mr. M'Gillivray and myself to the place of interment of the
last of the aboriginal inhabitants of Tasmania who had died in
their own land. I will not speak of our labours and dangers
in the adventure : it was the painful occasion of the loss of
two out of our three boats, with their crews of nine men.
After landing, and sleeping for several nights in the trees, we
found the spot. The graves, I suppose twelve in number, were
in a flat secluded place on Brani Island, in the midst of a sombre
soundless gum-tree forest, The only other sign of human
beings having been near was the ruin of the house where the
few unfortunate natives who survived had been confined
previous to their intended transportation to Banks's Island.
Tired, but determined, we dug six feet down, and to our dis-
appointment found ashes of a burning. We dug into another
grave, and found it had been disturbed. On opening a third
we were more fortunate ; a layer of Eucalpptus-hdijik stopped
the spade, and on being opened disclosed the body of a young
female in a perfect state of preservation. The water began to
flow into the grave ; but we soon obtained and carried off the
head, which accompanies this note."
Though quite adult, the basilar suture being united, the
cranium is of very diminutive size, and shows the same slowness
of development and irregularity of position of the third molars
obfierved in many of the other Tasmanian skulls. The surface
of the bone is stained of a deep brown colour by the soil or
decomposing vegetable matter in which it has been laid.
C. 462, L. 163, B. 130, Bi. 798, H. 123, Hi. 755, BN. 91,
BA. 91, Ai. 1000, Nh. 41, Nw. 25, Ni. 610, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 81], Ca. 1075.
Presented h,j Dr. Archibald Sibbald, 1854.
34:2
MI-XANESIA.
1109. A cranium of a Tasmanian * : ? . 0. C. 5329.
It has been stained the same dark colour as the last, and may
be from the same locality.
C. 494, L. 175, B. 135, Bi 771, H. 124, Hi. 709, BN. 92,
BA. 99, Ai. 1076, Nh. 45, Nw. 27, Ni. 600, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1175.
Presented hy Ronald Gunn, Esq.
1109 ^ The cranium of a Tasmanian.
C. 491, L. 175, B. 138, Bi. 789, H. 129, Hi. 737, BN. 100,
BA. 108, Ai. 1080, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 38, Oh. 27,
Oi. 710, Ca. 1350.
Presented hy J. Marsliall, Esq., 1892.
1110. A skull, said to be that of a Tasmanian : ? .
" From Dr. Bedford."
C. 472, L. 164, B. 131, Bi. 799, H. 122, Hi. 744, BN. 94,
BA. 99, Ai. 1053, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1075.
Presented hy Sir Joseph D. Hooker, K.C.S.I., 186G.
1111. The skull of a Tasmanian, said to have been fourteen
years of age : (?? 0. C. 5321.
The basilar suture is still open ; and the third molars are not
in place. As in No. 1106, there are but three lower incisors,
the central one being placed in the median line.
C. 498, L. 177, B. 136, Bi. 768, H. 130, Hi. 734, BN. 97,
BA. 99, Ai. 1021, Nh. 40, Nw. 23, Ni. 575, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1300.
Presented hy G. J. Guthrie, Esq., 1825.
1112. The skull of a young Tasmanian. 0. C. 5323.
The basilar suture is still open ; and the last molars are not
in place. There are two epipterics on the left side. On the
* In the I'ormer Catalogue this is described as the " cranium of an
Australian "; but its strongly marked Tasmanian characters, the fact of its
having been presented by Mr. K. Gunn (who was a resident in the smaller
island, and the donor of many Tasmanian but no Australian specimens),
added to the circumstance that in that Catalogue the races inhabiting the
two islands wcio not held to be distinct (as shown b_v No. 5345, ''The
cranium of an Australian cliild from \iu\ l)icmeii's Land"), are sufficient
justifications for its removal into the present series.
KEW- CALEDONIAN GROUP.
343
right a " frontal process " of the squamosal nearly reaches the
frontal hone.
C. 485, L. 175, B. 132, Bi. 754, H. 130, Hi. 743, BN. 93,
BA. 98, Ai. 1054, Nh. 41, Nw. 27, Ni. 659, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1200.
Presented by Ronald Gunn, Esq.
1113. The cranium of a female Tasmanian infant, from Port
Dalrymple. 0. C. 5345.
The frontal suture and fontanelle are not closed ; and the
milk- molars are not yet in place. The exoccipitals are
wanting.
C. 430, L. 155, B. 122, Bi. 787.
Presented hy Tliomas Hohhes Scott, Esq., 1821.
1113 a. a cranium from the South Pacific, the exact locality of
which is unknown, but with characters resembling those
of the Tasmanian race : <$ .
C. 491, L. 171, B. 138, Bi. 807, H. 130, Hi. 760, BN. 93,
BA. 94, Ai. 1011, Nh. 44, Nw. 26, Ni. 591, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1225.
Presented by Sir Josej>h D. Hooker, K.C.S.I., 1866.
B. New-Caledonian Group.
1114. A cranium from the Isle of Pines, or Hunia, a small
island off the South-east end of New Caledonia : S •
This skuU is remarkahle for its prominent malars, deep
canine fossae, long low orbits, narrow interorbital space, heavy
superciliary lidges and glabella, and short round palate. The
squamosal joins the frontal on the right side, but is separated
from it on the left by an epipteric bone. The crowns of the
posterior molars are turned directly outwards.
C. 498, L. 180, B. 130, Bi. 722, H. 133, Hi. 739, BN. 91,
BA. 94, Ai. 1033, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1425.
Presented hy Captain Sir J. Everard Home, Bart., R.N.
1115. A skull from the Isle of Pines, or Hunia : ? ?
The left squamosal joins the frontal by a processus frontalis.
On the right side there is an epipteric. The facial characters
differ greatly from those of the last. The glabella forms no
344
MELANESIA.
prominence. The malars are small, the palate long and narrow,
and the face altogether compressed. The specimens which
follow are intermediate in conformation.
C, 504, L. 186, B. 127, Bi. 683, H. 134, Hi. 720, BN. 95,
BA. 104, Ai. 1095, m. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1320.
Presented hy Captain Sir J. Everard Home, Bart., R.N.
1116. A skull from the Isle of Pines : ? ?
C. 500, L. 185, B. 122, Bi. 659, H. 132, Hi 714, BN. 105,
BA. 105, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1270.
Presented hy Captain Sir J. Everard Home, Barf., R.N.
1117. A skull from the Isle of Pines : $ ?
C. 490, L. 176, B. 127, Bi. 722, H. 132, Hi. 750, BN. 93,
Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 39, Oh. 31, Oi. 795, Ca. 1275.
Presented hy Captain Sir J. Everard Home, Bart., R.N.
1118. A mutilated skull from the Isle of Pines : c? ?
The squamosal joins the frontal on the right side. The
squamoso-mandibular articulation has suffered extremely from
rheumatic arthritis.
C. 487, L. 175, B. 133, Bi. 760, H. 140, Hi. 800, BN. 100,
BA. 105, Ai. 1050, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816.
Presented hy Captain Sir J. Everard Home, Bart., R.N.
1119. A mutilated calvaria, from the Isle of Pines : S •
This is of much greater density, and has the ridges for mus-
cular attachments more developed than in any of the other
skuUs of the series. There are exostoses in both external
auditory meatuses.
C. 514, L. 182, B. 132, Bi. 725, H. 142, Hi. 780, Ca. 1275.
Presented hy Captain Sir J. Everard Home, Bart., R.N.
1120. A collection of bones obtained with the above skulls from
the Isle of Pines, consisting of portions of six individuals,
four males and two females, and including one perfect
male pelvis *,
Presented hy Captain Sir J. Everard Jlonie, Bart., R.N,
* These specimens must have been collt'cted between tbe yenrs 1841 and
1846, the period during which Sir James Eveninl liomu was in command of
H.M.S. ' Noitli Star ' in the Pacific.
NEW-CALEDONIAK GROUP.
345
1120 ^ The skull of a native of New Caledonia. Tribe " Bou-
loupari."
C. 498, L. 182, B. 126, Bi. 692, H. 138, Hi. 758, BN. 104,
BA. 100, Ai. 962, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1360.
1120 2, The skull of a native of New Caledonia. Tribe
" Moindou,''
C. 479, L. 171, B. 130, Bi. 760, H. 136, Hi. 795, BN. 100,
BA. 102, Ai. 1020, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811. Ca. 1310.
1120*. The cranium of a native of New Caledonia- Tribe
" Moindou."
C. 510, L. 187, B. 128, Bi. 684, H. 139, Hi. 743, BN. 104,
BA. 108, Ai. 1038, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1440.
The above three specimens were collected by E. L. Layard,
Esq., H.M. Consul at Noumea, New Caledonia, at the request of
Dr. George Bennett of Sydney, by whom they were presented
to the Museum, March 1881.
1120*. The cranium of a native of New Caledonia,
C. 508, L. 186, B. 130, Bi. 699, H. 142, Hi. 763, BN. 103,
BA. 105, Ai. 1019, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1340.
1120®. The cranium of a native of New Caledonia.
C. 508, L. 185, B. 131, Bi. 708, H. 138, Hi. 746, BN. 102,
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1365.
1120^. The cranium of a native of New Caledonia.
C. 475, L. 172, B. 123, Bi. 715, H. 129, Hi. 750, BN. 99,
BA. 106, Ai. 1071, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1245.
1120^. Two lower jaws of natives of New Caledonia killed
during the late rebellion. These and the three crania
are " of the same tribe as those sent previously."
The above four specimens presented hi/
Dr. George Betinett of Sydney, 1882.
346
MELANESIA.
1121. The skull of a native of Lifu, the largest of the Loyalty
Islands, near New Caledonia : S • 0. C. 5399.
This skull and the three following, from the same locality,
present both cranial and facial characters of the Malayo-Poly-
nesian, rather than the Melanesian races — which accords
perfectly with what is known of the external appearance and
history of the people. The nasal index alone would be quite
sufficient to distinguish them from any of the Melanesian or
Australioid races.
C. 503, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 783, H. 137, Hi. 783, BN. 109,
BA. 106, Ai. 972, Nh. 61, Nw. 25, Ni. 410, Ow. 40, Oh. 38,
Oi. 950, Ca. 1450.
Pi'esented by Dr. George Bennett.
1122. The skull of a native of the Island of Lifu, Loyalty group:
$ . 0. C. 5400.
The basilar suture has but recently united ; and the third
molars are not fully developed.
C. 485, L. 171, B. 135, Bi. 789, H. 127, Hi. 743, m. 97,
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, Nh. 48, Nw. 21, Ni. 438, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1300.
Presented by Dr. George Bennett.
1123. The skull of a child from the Island of Lifu. 0. C. 5401.
The first permanent molars, the permanent incisors, and the
milk-molars arc in place.
C. 444, L. 159, B. 122, Bi. 767, H. 125, Hi. 786.
Presented by Dr. George Bennett.
1124. The skull of a younger child from the Island of Lifu.
0. C. 5402.
The milk-dentition only has been acquired.
C. 438, L. 155, B. 125, Bi. 806.
Presented by Dr. George Bennett.
1124'. A skull from New Caledonia (mutilated).
C. 473, L. 173, B. 126, Bi. 728, H. 123, Hi. 711, BN. 90,
Ow. 35, Oh. 34, Oi. 971.
Presented by Fred. IT'. Lucas, E.^q., 189(>.
FIJIAN GROUP,
347
C. Fijian Group.
The fourteen following specimens were obtained in August
1876, by Baron A. von Hiigel, from a cave used as a burial-
place by the Ngalimari tribe of Kai Colos, or Mountaineers of
Fiji, at Wakuku, on the Siga Toka River, Nandronga district,
in the island of Viti Levu.
1125. The skull of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the Ngalimari
tribe : J" •
From Baron A. von Hugel's collection *.
C. 532, L. 197, B. 129, Bi. 655, H. 146, Hi. 741, BN. 110,
BA. 110, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 28, Ni. 609, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1540.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1126. The skull of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the Ngalimari
tribe : c? •
From Baron A, von Hiigel's collection.
C. 523, L. 194, B. 120, Bi. 619, H. 141, Hi. 727, BN. 102,
BA. 104, Ai. 1020, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1550.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1127. The skull of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the Ngalimari
tribe : S •
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 531, L. 193, B. 134, Bi. 694, H. 143, Hi. 741, BN. 108,
BA. 109, Ai. 1009, Nh. 54, Nw. 28, Ni. 519, Ow. 42, Oh. 35,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1475.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1128. The skull of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the Ngalimari
tribe. S.
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 550, L. 203, B. 134, Bi. 660, H. 147, Hi. 724, BN. 99,
BA. 104, Ai. 1051, Nh. 52, Nw. 29, Ni. 558, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
01.829, Ca. 1660.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
* This collection, consisting of thirty-seven skulls of natives of islands in
tl)e Pacific Ocean, was purchased in 1879 by Mr. Erasmus Wilson, F.R.S.,
and hy him presented to the College.
318
MELANESIA.
1129. The skull of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the Ngalimari
tribe : S ■
From Baron A. vou Hiigel's collection.
The squamosal joins the frontal on the left side. Most of the
teeth have been lost during life.
C. 526, L. 193, B. 127, Bi. 658, H. 110, Hi. 725, BN. 103,
Nh. 19, Nw. 30, ^i. 612, Ow. 39, Oh. 32, Oi. 821, Ca. 1370.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1130. The skull of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the Ngalimari
tribe : c? •
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
AU the teeth have been lost during life, and the alveolar
margins of both jaws absorbed.
C. 519, L. 190, B. 125, Bi. 658, H. 138, Hi. 726, BN. 103
Nh. 15, Nw. 26, Ni. 578, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 812, Ca. 1375.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1131. The cranium of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the
Ngalimari tribe : S .
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
All the teeth have been lost during life, and the alveolar
walls absorbed.
C. 509, L. 186, B. 123, Bi. 661, H. 110, Hi. 753, BN. 98,
Nh. 17, Nw. 28, Ni. 596, Ow. 38, Oh. 31, Oi. 895, Ca. 1350.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1132. The skull of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the Ngalimari
tribe : ? .
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
Metopic.
C. 502, L. 181, B. 126, Bi. 696, H. 112, Hi. 785, BN. 101,
BA. 105, Ai. 1010, Nh. 18, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1300.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1133. The skull of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the Ngalimari
tribe : ? .
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 501, L. 185, B. 121, Bi. 670, H. 137, Hi. 711, BN. 96,
BA. 102, Ai. 10(i3, Nh. 13, Nw. 21, Ni. 558, Ow. 30, Oh. 31,
Oi. 911, Ca. 1380.
Pri'senh'd Uy Erasinii,< W/ho/i, Esq., 1879.
FIJIAN GROUP. 349
1134. The skull of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, o£ the Ngalimari
tribe : $ .
Prom Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 512, L. 190, B. 123, Bi. 647, H. 137, Hi. 721, BN. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 35, Oh. 34,
Oi. 971, Ca. 1355.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1135. The skull oi a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the Ngalimari
tribe : ? .
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collectioo.
C. 488, L. 180, B. 117, Bi. 650, H. 132, Hi. 733, BN. 97,
BA. 105, Ai. 1082, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1250.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1136. The cranium of a young mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the
Ngalimari tribe.
Erom Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
All the molars have been developed : but the basilar suture
is not consolidated.
C. 490, L. 183, B. 120, Bi. 656, H. 132, Hi. 721, BN. 97,
BA. 99, Ai. 1021, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1137. The cranium of a mountaineer of Viti Levu, of the
Ngalimari tribe, somewhat younger than the last.
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
All the permanent teeth are in place, except the posterior
molars. The basilar suture is open.
C. 486, L. 175, B. 125, Bi. 714, H. 137, Hi. 783, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 46, Nw. 22, Ni. 478, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1138. The skull of a child of the Ngalimari tribe of mountaineers
of Viti Levu.
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
The milk-teeth only are in place.
C. 455, L. 169, B. 113, Bi. 669, Nh. 34, Nw. 16, Ni. 471,
Ow. 30, Oh. 31, Oi. 1033.
Presented J>y Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
350
MELANESIA.
1139. The skull of a male Kai Colo, or mountaineer of Fiji,
from Voresika, in the Na Drau district, Viti Levu.
From a man killed by a club in a fray with natives of
another tribe.
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 515, L. 187, B. 128, Bi. 684, H. 145, Hi. 775, BN. 104,
BA. 106, Ai. 1019, Nh. 50, Nw. 30, Ni. 600, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1445.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1140. The skull of a male Kai Colo, or mountaineer of Fiji,
from Voresika, in the Na Drau district, Viti Levu.
From a man killed by a blow with a club at the same time
with the last.
The blow, inflicted just behind the left parietal eminence,
ha8 completely detached a nearly circular piece of the inner
table of the skull about the size of a shilling.
The four upper incisors have been lost during life.
C. 520, L. 191, B. 128, Bi. 670, H. 141, Hi. 738, BN. 100,
Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 40, Oh. 33, Oi. 825, Ca. 1500.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1141. The cranium of a man, an imbecile from birth, of
Navolau, in the Eaki-Raki district, coast of Viti Levu.
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
The bony palate is defective in the middle line as far forwards
as the posterior edge of the second premolar tootli.
C. 486, L. 176, B. 121, Bi. 688, H. 139, Hi. 790, BN. 107,
BA. 106, Ai. 991, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 42, Oh. 35,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1250.
Presented by Erasmus Wilso7i, Esq., 1879.
1142. The cranium of a male native of Ban Viti liovu (Coast
tribe).
Killed by Kai Colos, or mountaineers, in 1871. The bony
palate is widely defective.
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 522, L. 189, B. 137, Bi. 725, H. 141, Hi. 746, BN. 105,
BA. 106, Ai. 1010, Nh. 51, Nw. 27, Ni. 529, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 92.5, Ca. 1.540.
Presented hy Ju-a.^iims Wil.ioti, Esq., 1871).
FIJIAN GROUP.
351
1143. A cranium from Loma Loma, on the islajid of Yanua-
Balavu, one of the Windward or Eastern Group of
the Fiji Islands : c? •
The natives of this island have a large infusion of Tonga n
blood.
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 535, L. 192, B. 138, Bi. 719, H. 145, Hi. 755, BN. 108,
BA. 106, Ai. 981, Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 854, Ca. 1600.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1144. A cranium from Loma Loma, on the island of Vanua-
Balavu : S •
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 530, L. 191, B. 132, Bi. 691, H. 138, Hi. 723, BN. 110,
BA. 110, Ai. 1000, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878.
Presented hy Erasimis Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1145. A cranium from Loma Loma, on the island of Vanua-
Balavu : $ .
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
C. 514, L. 189, B. 131, Bi. 693, H. 143, Hi. 757, m. 106,
BA. 104, Ai. 981, Nh. 53, Nw. 28, Ni. 528, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1390.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1146. The skull of a child from Ovalau, Fiji Islands.
From Baron A. von Hiigel's collection.
The milk-teeth only are in place. The left squamosal meets
the frontal,
C. 472, L. 173, B. 119, Bi. 688, H. 124, Hi. 717, BN. 83,
BA. 82, Ai. 988, Nh. 33, Nw. 22, Ni. 667, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
The scaphocephalic cranium, No. 129, is also from Ovalau.
The following seven skulls were collected at Ovalau, Fiji
Islands, by Mr. Boyd. Purchased and presented to the Museum
by Luther Holden, Esq., President of the College, 1880.
1146 \ A skull, from Ovalau.
The lower jaw possibly from another individual.
C. 620, L. 189, B. 128, Bi. 677, H. 138, Hi. 730, BN. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 39, Oh. 33'
Oi. 846, Ca. 1490.
352
MELANESIA.
1146^. A skull, from Ovalau.
C. 505, L. 184, B. 124, Bi. 674, H. 133, Hi. 723, BN. 98,
BA. 105, Ai. 1071, m. 48, Nvv. 26, Ni. 512, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1485.
1146 3. A skull, from Ovalau.
C. 495, L. 179, B. 125, Bi. 698, H. 131, Hi. 732, BN. 98,
BA, 99, Ai. 1010, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825.
1146*. The large cranium of a young person, from Ovalau.
C. 530, L. 195, B. 139, Bi. 713, H. 139, Hi. 713, BN. 99,
BA. 102, Ai. 1030, Nh. 45, Nw. 28, Ni. 622, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1680.
1146 ^. The skull of a young person, from Ovalau.
Right temporal missing. The third molars had not erupted.
C. 497, L. 184, B. 129, Bi. 701, H. 124, Hi. 674, BN. 92,
BA. 94, Ai. 1022, Nh. 40, Nw. 22, Ni. 550, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943.
1146^. The cranium of a child, v^^ith the milk teeth and first
permanent molars in place. From Ovalau.
1146 ^ The cranium of a child. The second milk molar is level
with alveolus. From Ovalau.
1147. The skull of a male native of the Fiji Islands. 0. C.
53S8.
From a man who died in the hospital at Hobart Town,
Tasmania. Like many of the natives of the coast districts, it
presents more of the characteristics of the Polynesian tlian tlie
Melanesian race. It is figured in Martin's ' Natural History
of Quadrupeds, &c.,' (1840) p. 310.
C. 503, L. 179, B. 140, Bi. 782, H. 139, Hi. 777, BN. 109,
BA. 107, Ai. 982, Nh. 54, Nw. 29, Ni. 537, Ow. 38, Oh. 38,
Oi. 1000. Ca. 1425.
Presented bij Dr. Ilohson.
1147 ^ The skull of a male Fijian.
C. 520, L. 190, B. 131, Bi. 689, H. 140, Hi. 737, BX. 106,
BA. 109, Ai. 1028, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 584, Ca. 1 620.
FIJIAN GROUP.
353
11472. The skull of a male Fijian.
C. 500, L. 177, B. 136, Bi. 768, H. 138, Hi. 780, BX. 104,
BA. 97, Ai. 933, Nh. 56, Nw. 25, Ni. 446, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1520.
1147 K The skull of a male Fijian.
C. 509, L. 184, B. 132, Bi. 717, H. 140, Hi. 761, BN. 105,
BA. 103, Ai. 981, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, M. 540, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1520.
1147 \ The skull of a male Fijian.
C. 520, L. 190, B. 129, Bi. 679, H. 143, Hi. 753, BX. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 33, Oh. 32,
Oi. 970, Ca. 1515.
1147 K The skull of a male Fijian.
C. 516, L. 190, B. 138, Bi. 726, H. 143, Hi. 753, BN. 100,
BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 509, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1580.
1147 «. The skull of a male Fijian.
C. 498, L. 183, B. 134, Bi. 732, H. 149, Hi. 814, BN. 108,
BA. 108, Ai. 1000, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1520.
1147 ''. A skull from an old Fijian burial ground, from Bau,
C. 487, L. 175, B. 127, Bi. 726, H. 139, Hi. 794, BN. 99,
Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1275.
1147*. A cranium from the same burial ground, from Bau.
C. 505, L. 187, B. 131, Bi. 701, H. 140, Hi. 749, BN. 103,
Ow. 40, Oh. 38, Oi. 950, Ca. 1460.
1147 9. The skull of a female Fijian.
C. 488, L. 177, B. 128, Bi. 723, H. 131, Hi. 740, BN. 97,
BA. 102, Ai. 1052, Nh. 52, Nw. 28, Ni. 538, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1295.
1147 The skull of a female Fijian.
C. 489, L. 177, B. 130, Bi. 734, H. 135, Hi. 763, BN. 100,
BA. 91, Ai. 910, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1380.
The above ten specimens were collected and presented hy
B. GlanvUl Cornel/, Esq., 1903.
' 2 a
354
MELANESIA.
1148. The skull of a male native of Rotuma Island.
From a man who died in the Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich.
C. 517, L. 185, B. 137, Bi. 741, H. 140, Hi. 757, BN. 106,
BA. 112, Ai. 1057, Nh. 58, Nw. 25, Ni. 431, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1350.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1875.
D. ToKELAu or Union Group.
1148 ^ The skull of a male (set. c. 50), from the island of
Fakaofu.
C. 530, L. 188, B. 147, Bi. 782, H. 142, Hi. 755, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 59, Nw. 27, M. 458, Ow. 43, Oh. 38,
Oi. 884, Ca. 1590.
1148^. The skull of Langitasi, King of Fakaofu, aged c. 60.
C. 525, L. 188, B. 138, Bi. 734, H. 141, Hi. 750, BN. 104,
BA. 99, Ai. 952, Nh. 58, Nw. 28, Ni. 483, Ow. 42, Oh. 37,
Oi. 881, Ca. 1650.
1148 ^ A mutilated skull.
1148*. A cranium.
C. 508, L. 176, B. 145, Bi. 824, H. 141, Hi. 801, BN. 112,
Nh. 56, Nw. 27, Ni. 482, Ow. 40, Oh. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1530.
1148 ^. A cranium.
C. 493, L. 166, B. 148, Bi. 892, H. 140, Hi. 843, BN. 101,
BA. 107, Ai. 1059, Nh. 55, Nw. 23, Ni. 418, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1555.
1148 ®. A cranium.
C. 540, L. 182, B. 152, Bi. 835, H. 150, Hi. 824, BN. 106,
BA. 100, Ai. 943, Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1885.
1148 ^ A cranium : ? .
C. 485, L. 167, B. 139, Bi. 832, H. 132, Hi. 790, BN. 91,
BA. 91, Ai. 1000, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 37, Oh. 33.
Oi. 892, Ca. 1300.
1148 A cranium : ? .
C. 510, L. 177, B. 137, Bi. 774, H. 123, Hi. 695, BN. 93,
Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 40. Oh. 33, Oi. 825, Ca. 1390.
NEW HEBRIDES GROUP.
1148 ^. The cranium of a child.
1148 The cranium of a younger child.
The above ten specimens presented by
J. Lister, Esq., 1891.
1148". A skull from Rotuma Island.
C. 505, L. 175, B. 143, Bi. 817, H. 144, Hi. 823, BN. 101,
BA.. 98, Ai. 970, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1497.
1148^^. Portions of a skull and other bones from the same
locality.
2^he above two specimens presented by
F. W. Collingwood, Esq., 1901.
E. New Hebrides Grodp.
1149. The cranium of a native of Tanna: S •
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel *.
C. 474, L. 167, B. 125, Bi. 749, H. 125, Hi. 749, BN. 92,
BA. 99, Ai. 1076, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1145.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1149 ^ The skeleton of a native of Erromaugo, New Hebrides,
from the same collection as the MallicoUo skulls 1161 ^
to 1161
C. 510, L. 184, B. 134, Bi. 728, H. 141, Hi. 766, BN. 101,
BA. 102, Ai. 1010, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1525.
Presented hy Luther Holden, Esq., 1880,
1150. A skull of a native of Vati or Sandwich Island, New
Hebrides : $ .
C. 501, L. 178, B. 129, Bi. 725, H. 138, Hi. 775, BN. 100,
BA. 106, Ai. 1060, Nh. 51, Nw. 28, Ni. 549, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1330.
Purchased from Mr. Hugh Cuming, 1860.
* The New-Hebridean crania collected by Baron von Hiigel were those of
labourers imported into Fiji, and who died there, The localities from which
they came were carefully authenticated.
MELANESIA.
1151. The skull of a native of Ai)i : S •
Obtained in Fiji b)' Baron A. von Hiigel.
C. 478, L. 172, B. 127, Bi. 738, H. 126, Hi. 733, BX. 98,
BA.. 105, Ai. 1071, Nh. 50, Jfw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1160.
Pi'esented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1152. The skull of a native of Api : ^ ?
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel.
The palate is cleft ; and the margins of the anterior nasal
aperture are peculiarly rounded.
C. 483, L. 169, B. 131, Bi. 775, H. 137, Hi. 811, BN. 96,
BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 45, Nw. 21, Ni. 467, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
01. 842, Ca. 1375.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1153. The skull of a native of Ambryin : .
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel.
C. 508, L. 181, B. 127, Bi. 702, H. 136, Hi. 751, BN. 104,
BA. 116, Ai. 1115, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 43, Oh. 35,
Oi. 814, Ca. 1305.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1153 \ The cranium of a native of Ambrjm : ^ .
C. 486, L. 174, B. 127, Bi. 730, H. 128, Hi. 736, BN. 96,
Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 37, Oh, 32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1215.
Presented hy H. Ling Roth, Esq., 1888.
1153 ^. The cranium of a native of Ambrjm : (J .
C. 489, L. 171, B. 132, Bi. 772, H. 125, Hi. 731, BN. 90,
BA. 95, Ai. 1056, Nh. 42, Nw. 24, Ni. 571, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1190.
Presented hy H. Ling Roth, Esq., 1888.
1153 ^. The cranium of a native of Ambrym : (imperfect).
C. 490, L. 169, B. 134, Bi. 793, Nh. 44, Nw. 27, Ni. 614,
Ow. 40, Oh. 34, Oi. 850.
Presented hy If. LJng Both, Esq., 1888.
The five following specimens from MallicoUo, with the two
from Vanikoro, were collected by the late Commodore Good-
enough, R.N., dm-ing hi.s last cruise in H.M.S. ' Pearl.' in tlio
NEW HKBIIIDES GKOUP.
357
year 1875. They were presented by his widow to the donor.
With those collected at the same time by Mr. (Jorrie, they form
the subject of a memoir by Mr. Busk published in the 'Journal
of the Anthropological Institute,' vol. vi, p. 200.
1154. A cranium from Cook's S.W. Bay, Island of Mallicollo :
c?.
The squamosals join the frontal largely on both sides.
C. 498, L. 177, B. 130, Bi. 734, H. 131, Hi. 740, BN. 96,
BA. 99, Ai. 1031, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, M. 521, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy Major- General A. Lane Fox, 1876.
1155. A cranium from Cook's S.W. Bay, Mallicollo.
C. 513, L. 188, B. 127, Bi. 676, H. 138, Hi. 734, BN. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 52, Nw. 28, Ni. 538, Ow. 38, Oh. 38,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1410.
Presented by Major-General A. Lane Fox, 1876.
1156. A mutilated cranium from Cook^s S.W. Bay, Mallicollo :
? .
The calvarial sutures are nearly all obliterated ; yet traces
of the frontal suture are to be seen.
C. 475, L. 170, B. 122, Bi. 718, H. 126, Hi. 741, m. 93,
Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868.
Presented hy Major-General A. Lane Fox, 1876.
1157. A cranium from Port Sandwich, Mallicollo : .
The squamosals join the frontal on both sides.
C. 500, L. 181, B. 130, Bi. 718, H. 135, Hi. 746, BN. 98,
BA. 108, Ai. 1102, Nh. 50, Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1300.
Presented hy Major-General A. Lane Fo.r, 1876.
1158. A cranium from Port Sandwich, Mallicollo : ?
It is metopic. The squamosal joins the frontal on the right
side.
C. 490, L. 176, B. 128, Bi. 727, H. 129, Hi. 733, BN. 92,
BA. 95, Ai. 1033, Nh. 43, Nw. 24, Ni. 558, Ow. 37, Oh. .33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1225.
Presented hy Major-General A. Lane Fo.r, 1876.
358
MELANESIA.
The three following specimens were collected by the donor
in 1875, while Assistant Surgeon to H.M.S. ' Pearl.'
1159. A craninm from the island of Mallicollo : ? ?
The squamosals join the frontal largely on both sides.
C. 492, L. 176, B. 122, Bi. 693, H. 127, Hi. 722, BX. 91,
BA. 98, Ai. 1077, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1250.
Presented hy Alfred Corrie, Esq., R.JSf., 1875.
1160. A cranium fi-om the island of Mallicollo : •
The squamosals join the frontal largely on both sides.
C. 500, L. 180, B. 125, Bi. 694, H. 131, Hi. 728, BN. 91,
BA. 96, Ai. 1055, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1275.
Presented hy Alfred Corrie, Esq., R.N., 1875.
IIGI. A cranium from the island of Mallicollo : ? ?
The squamosals join the frontal on both sides. The frontal
suture is open, though both sagittal and coronal sutures are
partially obliterated, and the skull shows signs of advanced age.
It is probably to this cause that the great general depression of
the cranium and widening of the temporal region is due, giving
height and breadth indices quite unlike those of Mclanesian
skulls generally. As the normal form has evidently been
altered by senile change, this cranium is excluded from the
average measurements.
C. 490, L. 173, B. 132, Bi. 763, H. 118, Hi. 682, BN. 92,
Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 36, Oi. 923, Ca. 1200.
Presented by Alfred Corrie, Esq., R.N., 1875.
N.B. The Mallicollo crania are all remarkable for the depression
of the frontal region ; but it has not yet been ascertained whether this
is a natural conformation, or due to artificial compression in infancy.
The following eleven specimens were collected in Mallicollo
by IMr. Boyd, sent by him to Mr. Charles Thoi-pc of Croydon in
1880, and purchased and presented to the Museum by Luther
Holden, Esq., President of the College, 1880.
They all bear traces of artificial deformation, flattening and
elongation, some, especially the last, closely resembling the
NEW HEBRIDES GROUP.
359
Aymara (Lake Titicaca and Tiflis skulls). See letter from
Mr. Thorpe, dated Dec. 7th, 1880, for details of modes of
deformation.
1161 ^ The preserved head of a Mallicollo Chief. The face
is modelled in clay.
Described and figured by W. H. Flower in the Journal of
the Anthropological Institute, 1881, Plate VI.
1161^. The preserved head of a Mallicollo Chief with an
artificial wig. The face is modelled in clay.
Described and figured with the above.
1161^. A preserved head.
1161 ^. A preserved head.
1161*. A preserved head. The material covering the face is
nearly all removed by decay.
1161 ®. A skull with the face modelled in clay and vegetable fibre.
1161 ^ A skull.
The lower jaw is possibly from another individual.
C. 520, L. 188, B. 133, Bi. 707, H. 134, Hi. 713, BN. 103,
BA. 107, Ai. 1039, Nh. 56, Nw. 27, Ni. 482, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1555.
1161 «. A skull.
C. 486, L. 172, B. 126, Bi. 733, H. 127, Hi. 738, BN. 88.
Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 35, Oh. 32, Oi. 914, Ca. 1265.
1161 A skull.
C. 455, L. 165, B. 118, Bi. 715, H. 118, Hi. 715, BN. 90,
Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 36, Oh. 34, Oi. 944, Ca. 1135.
1161 A cranium.
C. 490, L. 175, B. 125, Bi. 714, H. 134, Hi. 766, BN. 103,
Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1275.
1161 A cranium.
C. 450, L. 164, B. 118, Bi. 720, H. 125, Hi. 762, BN. 91,
Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 35, Oh. 33, Oi 943, Ca. 1130.
See " On a collection of monumental heads and artificially
deformed crania from the Island of 3K[allieollo,''' Journal of
Anthropological Institute, 1881.
3G0
MELANESIA,
llGl^-. A cranium, remarkably deformed.
Figured by W. H. Flower in " Lectures on Fashion and
Deformity," Eoyal Institution, June 1880 ; and on a larger
scale in Journ. Anthrop. Institute, 1881.
C. 462, L. 153, B. 138, Bi. 902, H. 164, Hi. 1072, BN. 90,
BA. 88, Ai. 978, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 37, Oh. 36,
Oi. 973, Ca. 1590.
1161" A cranium from Lenua Bay, west side o£ Mallicollo
illustrating the custom of artificial compression practised
by all the natives of the Island excepting a tribe at the
north-east corner who also, unlike the rest, omit to slit
tho prepuce. [Donor's note.]
C. 490, L. 180, B. 128, Bi. 711, H. 127, Hi. 706, BN. 103,
BA. 105, Ai. 1019, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1340.
1161 A cranium (not deformed) from the north-east corner of
Mallicollo.
C. 505, L. 180, B. 129, Bi. 717, H. 130, Hi. 722, BN. 100,
Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 37, Oh. 33, Oi. 892, Ca. 1370.
The above itvo specimens presented by
Dr. G. Bolton Corney, Col. Surgeon, Fiji, 1884.
1161 A cranium showing deformation by compression. Mala-
kula Island, New Hebrides.
C. 465, L. 168, B. 122, Bi. 726, H. 127, Hi. 756, BN. 96,
BA. 106, Ai. 1104, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1285.
Collected and presented by B, Glanvill Corney, Esq., 1003.
1162. The skull of a native of the Banks Islands : ^ .
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiip;el.
C. 498, L. 176, B. 129, Bi. 733, H. 129, Hi. 733, BN. 98,
BA. 100, Ai. 1020, Nh. 54, Nw. 27, Ni. 500, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1230.
Presented by Ernsimis Wilson. Esq., 1879.
1163. The skull of a native of the Banks Islands : .
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel.
C. 483, L. 165, B. 132, Bi. 800, H. 130, Hi. 788, BN. 94,
BA. 99, Ai. 1053, Nh. 53, Nw. 27, Ni. 508, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 854, Ca. 1320.
Presented by Erasmnx ]\'ilson, Esq., 1879.
KEW IlEIUtlDES GltOlP.
llG-i. The skull of a native of Cherry Island : (J .
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel.
The right upper canine is almost completely embedded in the
maxilla, the apex of the crown pointing upwards and outwards
just below the infraorbital foramen, with its lingual surface
forwards. There are but three lower incisors, the central one
being placed close to the middle line ; the missing one appears
to be the right lateral.
C. 500, L. 175, B. 136, Bi. 777, H. 152, Hi. 869, BN, 105,
BA. 98, Ai. 933, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1500.
Presented hy Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1165. A skull from Direction Island, Vanikoro : <S .
Obtained by Commodore Goodenough, R.N., in 1875.
C. 502, L. 180, B. 127, Bi. 706, H. 136, Hi. 756, BN. 100,
BA. 111. Ai. 1110, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 39, Oh. 30,
Oi. 769, Ca. 1350.
Presented hy Major-General A. Lane Fox, 1876.
1166. A skull from Direction Island, Vanikoro : ^ .
Obtained by Commodore Goodenough, R.N., in 1875.
C. 483, L. 175, B. 125, Bi. 714, H. 140, Hi. 800, BN. 98,
BA. 100, Ai. 1020, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1310.
Presented hy Major- General A. Lane Fox, 1876.
1167. A skull said to have been brought from one of the islands
of the New Hebrides : •
This skull of a powerful man presents in an exaggerated
degree the characters of the " hypsi-stenocephalic " Melanesian
cranium, and its dimensions closely correspond to those of an
inhabitant of Vati (or Fate) described in Dr. Barnard Davis's
' Thesaurus,' p. 311, No. 817.
C. 533, L. 199, B. 128, Bi. 643, H. 142, Hi. 714, BN. 108,
BA. 115, Ai. 1065, Nh. 52, Nw. 29, Ni. 558, Ow. 43, Oh. 32,
Oi. 744, Ca. 1475.
Purchased, 1876.
1168. A cranium of unknown locality, formerly assigned to
New Zealand, but more probably from the New
Hebrides : ? .
In its general characters, allowing for the very well-marked
sexual differences, it resembles the last. This cranium has been
362
MELANESU.
described and figured by Professor Huxley in a memoir " On
two widely-contrasted forms of the Human Cranium," ' Journal
of Anatomy,' vol. i. p. 60 (1867). It has the lowest index of
breadth of any normal cranium in the collection, except one
of the Fiji mountaineers, No. 1126.
C. 510, L. 190, B. 120, Bi. 632, H. 135, Hi. 711, BN. 101,
BA. 106, Ai. 1050, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca, 1225.
Presented by Professor Huxley, 1876.
F. Solomon Islands.
1169. The skull of a native of Ysabel : S •
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel.
C. 505, L. 180, B. 135, Bi. 750, H. 136, Hi. 756, BN. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 53, Nw. 24, Ni. 453, Ow. 42, Oh. 35,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1450.
Presented by Erasmus Wilson, Esq., 1879.
1169 ^ The skull of a native of the Solomon Islands, preserved in
the native fashion.
C. 478, L. 166, B. 133, Bi. 801, H. 123, Hi. 741, BN. 93,
BA. 101, Ai. 1086, Nw. 23, Ow. 36, Oh. 34, Oi. 944, Ca. 1255.
Collected and pre.fented by
B. Glanvill Corney, Esq., 1903.
1169^. The skull of a male from the Solomon Islands.
C. 480, L. 169, B. 136, Bi. 805, H. 133, Hi. 787, BN. 96,
BA. 94, Ai. 979, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1300.
Collected and presented bu
B. Glanvill Corney, Esq., 1903.
1170. The skull of a native of one of the Solomon Islands: (J.
Obtained in Fiji by Baron A. von Hiigel.
C. 503, L. 182, B.132, Bi. 725, H. 139, Hi. 764, BN. 101,
BA. 96, Ai. 950, Nh. 50, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1300.
Presented by Erastnus Wil.ion, Esq., 1879.
1171. An artificially prepnred head from Rubiana, a small
island near New Georgia (Solomon Islands).
The face is ornamented with inlaid pieces of mother-of-pearl.
Wooden teeth are fixed in the mouth in front of the real onps.
SOLOMON ISLANDS.
363
Some of the hair remains at the back of the head in distinct
spirally-twisted tufts.
The following measurements are approximative only : —
C. 510, L. 181, B. 133, Bi. 735, Ca. 1300.
Presented by Dr. George Bennett, 1859.
1172. A similarly prepared skull from the same locality.
The face is inlaid in the same manner with pieces of mother-
of-pearl, but in a different pattern.
Approximative measurements : — C. 515, L. 183, B. 140,
Bi. 765, Ca. 1370.
Presented by Dr. George Bennett, 1859.
1172^. The OS innominatum and scapula o£ a native of New
Britain.
The skull of the same man has been given to the Museum
of the Eoyal Naval Hospital, Haslar. Scapular index 608.
Presented by Thomas E. H. Williams, Esq., 1880.
1172^. A coloured mask, based upon the facial portion of a
skull, used in their dances by the natives of New
Britain.
Presented by Dr. George Bennett, 1881.
1172 ^. A similar mask from Keaira District, Blanch Bay,
Gazelle Peninsula, New Britain.
Presented by Wilford Powell, Esq., 1S82.
The following eight skulls from New Britain were collected
from the bush in the neighbourhood of Herbertshohe, and
presented by C. Gr. Seligmann, Esq., 1905.
1172*. Skull of a female.
C. 503, L. 179, B. 129, Bi. 721, H. 139, Hi. 777, BN. 94,
BA. 107, Ai. 1138, Nh. 43, Nw. 28, M. 651, Ow. 39, Oh. 28,
Oi. 718, Ca. 1445.
1172 ^ Skull of a female.
C. 476, L. 167, B. 132, Bi. 790, H. 131, Hi. 784, BN. 94,
BA. 112, Ai. 1191, Nh. 45, Nw. 28, Ni. 622, Ow. 37, Oh. ,30.
Oi. 811, Cu. 1235.
364
MELANESIA.
1172 Skull of a female.
C. 482, L. 169, B. 133, Bi. 787, H. 125, Hi. 740, B^^. 93,
BA. 99, Ai. 1065, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500 Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1225.
1172 ^ Skull of a male.
C. 508, L. 180, B. ]34, Bi. 744, H. 134, Hi. 744, BX. 97,
BA. 108, Ai. 1113, Nh. 42, Nw. 23, Ni. 540, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca, 1300.
1172*. Skull of a male.
C. 515, L. 182, B. 142, Bi. 780, H. 136, Hi. 747, BN. 102,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1088, Nh. 50, Xw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1390.
1172 9. Skull of a male.
C. 505, L. 180, B. 133, Bi. 739, H. 136, Hi. 756, BX. 99,
BA. 104, Ai. 1051, Nh. 45, Xw. 33, Ni. 733, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1350.
11721°. Skull of a male.
C. 496, L. 180, B. 132, Bi. 733, H. 129, Hi. 717, BX. 99,
BA. 112, Ai. 1131, Xh. 42, Nw. 23, Xi. 548, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1186.
1172". Skull of a male.
In the right occipital region there is an oval aperture
measuring in chief vertical diameter 2'8 cm. and in smaller
transverse diameter 2-2 cm.
It involves partly the posterior border of the right parietal
about midway between the superior and inferior angles, and
partly the adjacent portion of the occipital squama. In the latter
position it lies altogether above the superior curved line.
With the exception of a minute lenticular osteoma on the
left parietal, about 1 cm. from the sagittal suture and 4 5 cm.
in front of the lambda, there is no sign of disease.
The edge of the aperture shelves regularly from the outer
towards the inner a.si)ect of the bone, the border of the opening
being sharp and well defined.
The diploe is nowiiore exposed, showing that the injury lias
been repaired during life, the shelving edge being quite smooth
and compact. The parieto-occipilal suture is not obliterated
on either side of the aperture.
C. 505, L. 179, B. 130, Bi. 726. H. 134, Hi. 749, BX. 105,
Xh. 50, Xw. 27, Xi. 540, Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1200.
Presciifcd h>/ C. G. Seliomann, Esq., 19(>o.
PAPUA OR NEW GUINEA.
305
G. Papua or New Guinea.
The following thirteen crania from the east part of New Guinea
and the adjacent islands, were collected in 1874 by the donor
during the cruise o£ H.M.S. ' Basilisk ' (Captain J. Moresby,
E,.N.)j and described in the ' Journal o£ the Anthropological
Institute,' vol. vi. p. 102 (1876)*. Although the majority
of them present the usual characteristics o£ the Melanesian race,
some (as Nos. 1174, 1178, and 1185) evidently belong to
different types — a circumstance which quite accords with
evidence from other sources, indicating a considerable mixture
of races among the inhabitants of this region of the world.
The localities given are those in which they were obtained ; but
as the natives are great (and perhaps rather indiscriminate)
head-collectorsj they afford no proof of the original home of the
person to whom the skull belonged.
1173. A skull from near South-east Cape, New Guinea: J" ?
C. 473, L. 172, B. 122, Bi. 709, H. 129, Hi. 750, BN. 93,
BA. 97, Ai. 1043, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1150.
Presented hy Dr. Peter Comrie, Staff- Surgeon R.N. , 1877.
1174. A cranium from Traitor's Bay, near Riche Island, New
Guinea : (J .
The occipital region is injured, so that some of the measure-
ments cannot be taken.
C. 474, L. 163, B. 132, Bi. 810, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532,
Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1090.
Presented hy Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
1175. A cranium from China Strait: ^ .
C. 503, L. 181, B. 128, Bi. 707, H. 127, Hi. 702, Nh. 50,
Nw. 26, M. 520, Ow. 37, Oh. 30, Oi. 811, Ca. 1250.
Presented hy Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
* Two other crania of the same collection, and described in the paper
above referred to, are now in the Anatomical Museum of the University of
Edinburgh.
366
MELANESIA.
1176. A cranium from Skelton Island : J.
C. 490, L. 173, B. 130, Bi. 751, H. 130, Hi. 751, BN. 96,
BA. 96, Ai. 1000, Nh. 55, Nw. 25, Ni. 455, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
01. 875, Ca. 1340.
PresentP.d by Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
1177. A cranium from Teste Island, south of Moresby Island :
C. 500, L. 182, B. 127, Bi. 698, H. 133, Hi. 731, BN. 97,
BA. 98, Ai. 1010, Nh. 44, Nw. 25, Ni. 568, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1390.
Presented by Dr. P. Comrie, M.J^., 1877.
1178. A cranium from Lydia Island, near East Cape, New
Guinea : J" .
Found suspended to the figure-head of a canoe, March 4th,
1874.
Most of the teeth have been lost during life ; but obliteration
of the sutures has only commenced at the pterion and lambda.
C. 480, L. 166, B. 137, Bi. 825, H. 127, Hi. 765, Nh. 47,
Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 38, Oh. 31, Oi. 816, Ca. 1240.
Presented by Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
1179. A cranium from Lydia Island : ^ .
There is no trace of a sagittal suture, though the basilar
suture has but recently united, and the teeth are unworn.
This is evidently a premature synostosis, and may have affected
the form of the head.
C. 515, L. 188, B. 132, Bi. 702, H. 135, Hi. 718, BN. 107,
BA. 107, Ai. 1000, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1380.
Presented by Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
1 180. A cranium from Lydia Island : S •
C. 493, L. 176, B. 127, Bi. 722, H. 130, Hi. 739, BN. 96,
BA. 100, Ai. 1042, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1290.
Presented by Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
1181. A cranium from Lydia Island : $ .
C. 482, L. 176, B. 123, Bi. 699, H. 134, Hi. 761, BN. 97,
BA. 102, Ai. 1052, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811. Ca. 1300.
Presetted by Dr. P. Comrie. R.]S\, 1877.
PAPUA 01! NEW GUINEA.
367
1182. A cranium from Lydia Island : ? .
C. 468, L. 176, B. 117, Bi. 665, H. 127, Hi. 722, BN. 101,
BA. ]05, Ai. 1040, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 37, Oh. 28,
Oi. 757, Ca. 1080.
Presented hy Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
1183. A cranium from Moresby Island : ? .
C. 466, L. 168, B. 122, Bi. 726, H. 129, Hi. 768, BN. 92,
BA. 95, Ai. 1033, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1175.
Presented hy Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
1184. A cranium from Tub Bay, D'Entrecasteaux Islands : ? .
The right squamosal joins the frontal.
C. 483, L. 170, B. 125, Bi. 710, H. 126, Hi. 716, BN. 97,
BA. 101, Ai. 1041, Nh. 50, Nw. 24, Ni. 480, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 820, Ca. 1190.
Presented hy Dr. P. Comrie, R.K, 1877.
1185. A cranium from the D'Entrecasteaux Islands : ? .
An articular surface for the odontoid process is developed on
the basion.
C. 507, L. 178, B. 137, Bi. 770, H. 137, Hi. 770, BN. 97,
BA. 101, Ai. 1041, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1450.
Presented hy Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
1186. A mandible from the same collection, not belonging to
either of the crania.
Presented by Dr. P. Comrie, R.N., 1877.
1186 ^ The skull of a male from New Guinea.
C. 497, L. 179, B. 129, Bi. 721, H. 130, Hi. 726, BN. 99,
BA. 109, Ai. 1101, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805.
Purchased, 1885.
1186 ^. The skull of a male from New Guinea.
C. 498, L. 182, B. 125, Bi. 687, H. 132, Hi. 725, BN. 103,
BA. 103, Ai. 1000, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1250.
Purchased, 1885.
3G8
MELANESIA.
1186 ^ A cranium from Groaribari, Aird River delta, New
Gruinea, ornamented in the native fashion.
C. 465, L. 162, B. 130, Bi. 802.
Presented hy C. G. Seligmann, Esq., 1905.
1186*. Incomplete skeleton, and a second sacrum from New
Guinea. No skull.
Collected at Bonagai, Murua, and probably the skeleton of
a Murua native.
Presented hjj C. G. Selif/mann, Esq., 1905.
1187. A cranium, with the right half of the face broken away,
from Wyer, an island at the eastern extremity of
Torres Strait. 0. C. 5348.
This and the other specimens from Torres Strait, presented
by Mr. Jukes, were collected on the surveying voyage of
H.M.S. 'Fly' (Captain Blackwood), during the years 1812-
1846.
C. 496, L. 175, B. 134, Bi. 766, H. 134, Hi. 766, BN. 96,
Ow. 40, Oh. 33, Oi. 825, Ca. 1365.
Presented hi/ J. Bete .Tukes, Esq., 1846.
1188. The articulated skeleton of a male inhabitant of Erroob,
or Darnley Island, in Torres Strait.
Prepared from a dried mummy obtained in Erroob, in 1872,
by Mr. Charles Lemaistre, Master of the French brig ' Victorine.'
A description and figure of the mummy, with observations upon
its mode of preservation, are given in the ' Journal of the
Anthropological Institute,' vol. viii. (1879) ; and a photograph,
taken as it was received, extended upon a wooden framework
of native manufacture, is placed with the skeleton.
The skull has some appearance of having been artificially
flattened.
Height of skeleton 5 feet 3-9 inches = 1623.
Clavicle, r. 150, I. 150 ; humerus, r. 324, I. 327 ; radius,
r. 263, I. 260 ; femur, r. 466, I. 473 ; tibia, r. 387, I. 387.
Cranium: C. 505, L. 175, B. 132, Bi. 754, H. 136, Hi. 777,
BN. 108, BA. 110, Ai. 1019, Nh. 54, Nw. 27, Ni. 500, Ow. 41,
Oh. 34, Oi. 829, Ca. 1280.
PtirrJiased, 1879.
PAPUA OR NEW GUINEA.
369
1188 K The mummy o£ a child from New Guinea, probably from
Darnley Island.
Presented hy the Corporation Museum, Leicester, 1900.
1189. The artificially prepared head of a Papuan, from Erroob,
or Darnley Island : S • 0. C. 5351.
The dried integuments of the face have been painted red, and
artificial eyes of mother-of-pearl inserted in the orbits, as was
the case in No. 1188.
C. 510, L. 183, B. 137, Bi. 749, H. 135, Hi. 738, Ca. 1280.
Presented hy Lieut. Ince, R.N., 1846.
1190. The skull of a Papuan, from Erroob, or Darnley Island,
which has been prepared in a similar manner : ^ .
Obtained by Prof. Huxley, while Assistant Surgeon to
H.M.S. ' Rattlesnake,' during Captain Owen Stanley's survey
of Torres Strait (1847-50).
C. 500, L. 382, B. 129, Bi. 709, H. 130, Hi. 714, BN. 105,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1057, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
01. 825, Ca. 1225.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 1864.
1191. The skull of a Papuan, from En'oob, or Darnley Island,
Torres Strait : ^ ■ 0. C. 5349.
C. 533, L. 196, B. 136, Bi. 694, H. 138, Hi. 704, BN. 104,
BA. 112, Ai. 1077, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 42, Oh. 32,
Oi. 762, Ca. 1510.
Presented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1192. The skull of a young Papuan, from Erroob, or Darnley
Island. O.C. 5350.
The basilar suture is not closed ; and the posterior molars
are not in place, though all the other permanent teeth have
been cut.
C. 470, L. 167, B. 129, Bi. 772, H. 125, Hi. 749, BN. 93,
BA. 95, Ai. 1022, Nh. 45, Nw. 23, Ni. 511, Ow. 33, Oh. 32,
Oi. 970, Ca. 1220.
Presented by J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1193. The cranium of a Papuan, from one of the islands in
Torres Strait : ^ . 0. C. 5347.
The left squamosal sends out a processus frontalis, which,
however, does not quite meet the frontal bone.
C. 498, L. 174, B. 138, Bi. 793, H. 140, Hi. 805, BN. 102,
2b
370
MELANESIA.
BA. 110, Ai. 1078, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 42, Oh. 35,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1260.
P7'esented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1194. The cranium of a Papuan, from one of the islands in
Torres Strait : . 0. C. 534G.
The sagittal suture is obliterated in the region of the obelion,
where there is a large irregular depression.
C. 510, L. 185, B. 129, Bi. 697, H. 135, Hi. 730, BN. 99,
BA. 103, Ai. 1040, Nh. 51, Nw. 30, Ni. 588, Ow. 43, Oh. 38,
Oi. 884, Ca. 1300.
Presented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1195. The cranium of a Kowrarega, or inhabitant of Prince-of-
Wales's Island, Torres Strait : J" .
Described by the donor as " a mixed race, Papuan and
Australian " *.
C. 502, L. 185, B. 128, Bi. 692, H. 137, Hi. 741, BN. 99,
BA. 102, Ai. 1030, Nh. 47, Nw. 29, Ni. 617, Ow. 43, Oh. 35,
Oi. 814, Ca. 1260.
Presented hy Lieut. R. II. Armit, 7?.iY., 1870.
1195 ^ A skull from Thursday Island, Prince-of- "Wales's Group,
Torres Strait : ^ .
C. 495, L. 175, B. 141, Bi. 806, H. 138, Hi. 789, BN. 109,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1018, Nh. 54, Nw. 26, Ni. 481, Ow. 42, Oh. 32,
Oi. 762, Ca. 1430.
Presented by Captain J. P. Maclear, E.y., 1882.
1195 ^. A cranium from Bank's Island, Torres Strait : adult.
C, 518, L. 176, B. 146, Bi. 830, H. 132, Hi. 750, BN. 102,
BA. 112, Ai. 1098, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 41, Oh. 30,
Oi. 732, Ca. 1350.
Purchased, 1886.
* " The Kowraregas inhabit the Prince-of-'Wales Group. I believe them
to be a Papuanized colony of Austnilians ; in fact one might hesitate whether
to consider them as Papuans or Australians, so complete is the fusion of the
two races. Still the natives of the Prince-of- Wales Islands rank themselves
with the islanders, and exhibit a degree of conscious superiority over their
neighbours on the mainland, and with some show of reason ; although them-
selves inferior to all the other i.slanders, they have at least made with them
the great advance in civilization of having learned to cultivate the ground —
a process which is practised by none of the Australian aborigines.'' —
Macgillivray, Narrative of the Voijaye of H. M.S. ' Rattlesnake,' 1852.
PAPUA OR NEW GUINEA.
371
1196. The cranium of an inhabitant of Wallis Island, Endeavour
Strait : 9 . 0. C. 5352.
C. 483, L. 174, B. 127, Bi. 730, H. 122, Hi. 701, BN. 93,
BA. 104, Ai. 1118, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
01. 800, Ca. 1100.
Presented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1197. An artificially prepared and ornamented head from the
south coast of New Guinea. Probably $ . 0. C. 5355.
From a young individual : the basilar suture is not united ;
nor are the last molar teeth come into place in either jaw.
The other permanent teeth are all present.
Discovered May 30, 1845, with a large number of others
similarly prepared, by an exploring party from H.M.S. 'Fly'
(Captain Blackwood, B.N.), in a large native house on the
banks of Aird's River, Gulf of Papua, suspended by the quasi-
beard from a frame under the middle of the roof. See Jukes's
' Narrative of the Surveying Voyage of H.M.S. Fly ' (1847),
vol. i. p. 274.
C. 450, L. 160, B. 129, Bi. 806, H. 128, Hi. 800, Ca. 1100.
Presented hy Captain Philip Blackwood, R.N., 1846.
1198. A similarly prepared head of an adult : S • 0. C. 5356.
Obtained with the last. The squamosals join the frontal
on both sides.
C. 482, L. 168, B. 136, Bi. 810, H. 137, Hi. 815, Ca. 1320.
Presented hy Captain Philip Blackwood, 1846.
1199. The cranium of a young Papuan. 0. C. 5354.
The basilar suture is not united ; and the last molars are not
in place.
C. 450, L. 164, B. 117, Bi. 713, H. 127, Hi. 774, BN. 87,
BA. 86, Ai. 989, Nh. 39, Nw. 21, Ni. 538, Ow. 34, Oh. 32,
Oi. 941, Ca. 1100.
Presented hy J. Bete Jukes, Esq., 1846.
1199 ^ A cranium from South-east New Guinea, about 20 miles
inland from Port Moresby.
C. 515, L. 186, B. 133, Bi. 715, H. 138, Hi. 742, BN. 104,
BA. 105, Ai. 1010, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1450.
Collected hy Mr. A. Goldie and purchased, 1880,
2b 2
372
MELANESIA.
1199 ^. A cranium from the same place.
C. 498, L. 177, B. 135, Bi. 7«3, H. 135, Hi. 763, BN. 94,
BA. 94, Ai. 1000, Nh. 53, Nw. 25, Ni. 472, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
01. 919, Ca. 1460.
Purchased, 1880.
1199 ^. A cranium from the same place.
C. 493, L. 185, B. 129, Bi. 697, H. 135, Hi. 730, BN. 99,
BA. 94, Ai. 949, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1430.
Purchased, 1880.
1200. The cranium of a Papuan : ^ . 0. C. 5353.
C. 512, L. 187, B. 127, Bi. 679, H. 139, Hi. 743, BN. 98,
BA. 102, Ai. 1041, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850, Ca. 1435.
1200 ^ ^ ^. Casts of Papuan crania from Geelvink's Bay.
Nos. 70, 97, and 166 of Dr. Meyer's series of 135 Papuan
skulls described and figured in his Memoir in the Mitth. Zool.
Museum z. Dresden, 1875, pp. 60-83 and 165-204. Thej^ are
the most Brachycephalic of the whole scries and are considered
by Quatrefages and Harvey (Crania Ethnica, p. 205) as crania
of Negritos, an opinion with which Meyer does not agree.
1200 'K A cast of the interior of the largest of the same series,
No. 87.
Meyer, I. c. page 175. The skull is figured on PI. XL
Presented hy Dr. A. B. Meyer, Director of the
Royal Natural History and Ethnology Museum,
Dresden, 1880.
1201. A cast of the cranium of a brachycephalic Papuan, from
the Island of Rawak, near Waigioe^ at the north-west
extremity of New Guinea.
The original is in the Museum d'Histoire Naturelle at Paris,
and is figured in the ' Zoologie du Voyage de Freycinot '
(I'Uranie), by Quoy and Gaimard, plate 1.
C. 538, L. 178, B. 159, Bi. 893, H. 144, Hi. 809.
Presented by the " Professeurs-Administrateurs du
Musee d'Histoire Naturelle h Paris, per M. de
Quatrefages, 1875.
PAPUA OR NEW GUINEA..
373
1201 \ The skull of a male from Milne Bay, New Gruinea.
C. 488, L. 166, B. 136, Bi. 819, H. 120, Hi. 723, BN. 90,
BA. 93, Ai. 1033, Nh. 50, Nw. 22, Ni. 440, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi, 833, Ca. 1330.
Purchased, 1890.
1201 ^. A cranium, from Orangerie Bay, New Guinea.
C. 464, L. 166, B. 117, Bi. 705, H. 128, Hi. 771, BN. 100,
BA. 107, Ai. 1070, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789.
Purchased, 1890.
1201 ^ A skull from Alele River, near Aird River, New Guinea,
with carving on the frontal bone : .
C. 483, L. 174, B. 127, Bi. 730, H. 127, Hi. 730, BN. 97,
BA. 103, Ai. 1062, Nh. 51, Nw. 27, Ni. 529, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1225.
Purchased^ 1893.
1201 A skull from Alele River, New Guinea.
The squamosal meets the frontal on the left side.
C. 490, L. 181, B. 121, Bi. 669, H. 133, Hi. 735, BN. 103.
BA. 104, Ai. 1010, Nh. 50,-Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 37, Oh. 31
Oi. 838, Ca. 1290.
Purchased, 1893.
1201 ^ A skull from Alele River, New Guinea.
The squamosal meets the frontal on the left side.
C. 505, L. 190, B. 119, Bi. 626, H. 133, Hi. 700, BN. 100,
BA. 110, Ai. 1100, Nh. 51, Nw. 27, Ni. 529, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1355.
Purchased, 1893.
1201 ®. A skull from Alele River, New Guinea : J" .
C. 500, L. 182, B. 125, Bi. 687, H. 131, Hi. 720, BN. 102,
BA. 110, Ai. 1078, Nh. 53, Nw. 28, Ni. 528, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1230.
Purchased, 1893.
1201 \ A skull from Alele River, New Guinea : S •
C. 466, L. 169, B. 119, Bi. 704, H. 123, Hi. 728, BN. 97,
BA. 100, Ai. 1031, Nh. 49, Nw. 24, Ni. 490, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1200.
374
MELANESIA.
1201 A skull from Maipoa River, New Gruinea,
C. 507, L. 185, B. 125, Bi. 676, H. 140, Hi. 757, BN. 103,
BA. 103, Ai. 1000, Nh. 55, Nw. 26, Ni. 473, Ow. 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1390.
Purchased, 1894.
1201 ®. A skull from Marpoa River, New Guinea.
C. 480, L. 179, B. 119, Bi. 665, H. 129, Hi. 721, BN. 95,
BA. 103, Ai. 1084, Nh. 55, Nw. 24, Ni. 436, Ow. 38, Oh. 38,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1230.
Purchased, 1894.
H. Moluccas.
1201 A cranium from the Island of Buru.
C. 503, L. 177, B. 141, Bi. 797, H. 139, Hi. 785, BN. 99,
BA. 98, Ai. 990, Nh. 53, Nw. 35, Ni. 660, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789, Ca. 1480.
1898.
1201 A cranium from the same place.
C. 475, L. 172, B. 131, Bi. 762, H. 123, Hi. 715, BN. 91,
BA. 90, Ai. 989, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1250.
1898.
I. The Ani>aman Islands.
The following specimens of skeletons and skulls of the natives
of the Andaman Islands (except 1205 i*-1205 5* & 1216^) are
all from the vicinity of Port Blair, in South Andaman. A fuller
description, in which they are compared with additional speci-
n)ens of the same race from other collections, will be found in a
memoir by W. H. Flower " On the Osteology and Affinities of
the Natives of the Andaman Islands," read before the Anthro-
pological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, at the meeting
of June 24, 1879, and published in the Journal of the Institute,
vol. ix. p. 108.
1202. The cranium of a male native of the Andaman Islands.
It is preserved in the condition in which it was obtained
from the widow, who wore it suspended roimd her neck by a
netted band, as is the custom among the Andaman Islanders.
It has been stained with red ochre, adorned with tassels com-
])oscd of threaded pieces of the shell of Dentalium, and contains
witliin the cavity several valves of Novacnlina oUvacea.
THE AXDAMAN ISLANDS.
375
The teeth have all been removed, except a left upper canine,
which is permanently buried in the alveolus.
Obtained in the Andamans by Captain Montagu Prothero.
C. 475, L. 165, B. 137, Bi. 830, H. 134, Hi. 812, BN. 92,
BA. 89, Ai. 967, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1260.
Presented by Dr. Prothero Smith, 1877.
1203. The articulated skeleton of a female native of the
Andaman Islands.
Height of skeleton 4 feet 4 inches = 1320.
Clavicle, >: 107, I. 107: humerus, r, 249, I. 247; radius,
r. 201, I 200; femur, r. 367, I. 370 ; tibia, r. 294, I. 291.
Cranium : C. 455, L. 152, B. 132, Bi. 868, H. 125, Hi. 822,
BN. 87, BA. 88, Ai. 1011, Nh. 43, Nw. 22, Ni. 512, Ow. 35,
Oh. 32, Oi. 914, Ca. 1080.
Received in exchange from the Calcutta Museum,
per Dr. J. Anderson, 1878.
1204. The skull of a female native of the Andaman Islands.
From a woman said to have been eighteen years of age.
The basilar suture has united, though not very firmly ; and
the third molars are rising into place.
C. 465, L. 165, B. 131, Bi. 794, H. 126, Hi. 764, BN. 90,
BA. 93, Ai. 1033, Nh. 43, Nw. 21, Ni. 488, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1125.
Presented by Surgeon-Major Francis Day, 1870.
1205. The skull of a male native of the Andaman Islands.
It is that of a man named " Bibi tol," who lived at Brigade
Creek, and was supposed to be about twenty-five years of age
when he died.
C. 483, L. 166, B. 139, Bi. 837, H. 124, Hi. 747, BN. 93,
BA. 93, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 36, Oh. 34.
Oi. 944, Ca. 1280.
Presented by Dr. Alfred J. Wall and Sir Joseph
Fayrer, M.D., K.C.S.L, 1877.
1205 The cranium of a young native of the Andaman
Islands.
Presented by Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.c.v.o.,m&.
376
MELANESIA.
1205 The cranium of a native of the Andaman Islands,
ornamented in the native fashion.
C. 468, L. 160, B. 140, Bi. 875, H. 122, Hi. 763, BN. 90,
BA. 94, Ai. 1044, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 1120.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
LM.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
1205 The cranium of a native of the Andaman Islands,
ornamented in the native fashion.
C. 475, L. 167, B. 137, Bi. 820, H. 130, Hi. 778, BN. 93,
BA. 101, Ai. 1086, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1180.
Presented by Lt.-Col. Sir R, H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
1205 The cranium of a native of the Andaman Islands,
ornamented in the native fashion.
C. 460, L. 158, B. 128, Bi. 810, H. 121, Hi. 785, BN. 89,
BA. 87, Ai. 978, Nh. 42, Nw. 18, Ni. 429, Ow. 35, Oh. 32,
Oi. 914, Ca. 1115.
Presented hy Lt.-Col, Sir R. H. Charles,
I. M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
1205 The cranium of a native of the Andaman Islands,
ornamented in the native fashion.
C. 468, L. 163, B. 135, Bi. 828, H. 123, Hi. 755, BN. 90,
BA. 86, Ai. 956, Nh. 41, Nw. 2], Ni. 512, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1170.
Presented hij Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 190^.
The following eleven specimens were presented by the late
Dr. Dougall, at the request of Sir Joseph Fayrer, M.D.,
K.C.S.I., President of the Indian Medical Board.
1206. The skeleton of a male native of the Andaman Islands.
Six cervical and two dorsal vertebrte, with most of the bones
of the hands and feet, are missing.
Clavicle, r. 109, I. 109 ; humerus, r. 281, I. 278 ; radius,
r. 202, I. 206 ; femur, r. 382, I. 382; tibia, r. 311, I. 310.
Cranium : C. 482, L. 171, B. 133, Bi. 778, H. 133. Hi. 778,
THE iiNDAMAN ISLANDS.
377
BN. 92, BA. 92, Ai. 1000, Nh. 40, Nw. 21, Ni. 525, Ow. 36,
Oh. 31, Oi. 861, Ca. 1195.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major Joseph Dougall, M.D.,
Senior Medical Officer, Andaman Islands, 1878.
1207. The skeleton of a male native of the Andaman Islands.
From a man who died in March 1876 from the effects of a
blow on the occiput inflicted by a runaway convict.
The sternum, two ribs, a patella, and most of the bones of
the hands and feet are missing.
Clavicle, r. 123, I. 121 ; humerus, I. 266 ; radius, r. 232,
I. 232 ; femur, r. 393, I. 394 ; tibia, r. 337, I. 333.
Cranium : C. 490, L. 168*, B. 138, Bi. 821, H. 132, Hi. 78G,
BN. 96, BA. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 35,
Oh. 32, Oi. 914, Ca. 1330.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J. Dougall, M.D., 1878.
1208. The skeleton of a male native of the Andaman Islands,
wanting the skull.
The right clavicle, the atlas and axis, two ribs, and many of
the bones of the hands and feet are also missing.
Clavicle, I. 107 ; humerus, r. 276 ; radius, r. 226 ; femur,
r. 410 ; tibia, r. 330, I. 329.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J. Dougall, M.D., 1878.
1209. The skeleton of a male native of the Andaman Islands,
wanting the skull.
The right radius, three of the ribs, the patellas, and bones of
the hands and feet are also wanting.
Clavicle, r. 114, I. 112; humerus, r. 267, I. 264; radius,
I. 213 ; femur, r. 378, I. 384 ; tibia, r. 302, I. 304.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J, Dougall, M.D., 1878.
1210. The skeleton of a male native of the Andaman Islands,
wanting the skull.
Four ribs, one patella, and many of the bones of the hands
are also missing.
Clavicle, r. 124, I. 116 ; humerus, r. 294, Z. 293 ; radius,
r. 243, I. 238 ; femnr, r. 397, I. 400 ; tibia, r. 335, I. 334.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J. Dougall, M.D., 1878.
* Approximately, owing to injury to occipital region.
378
MELANESIA.
1211. The cranium of a native of the Andaman Islands : (S .
C. 492, L. 171, B. 135, Bi. 789, H. 130, Hi. 760, BJf. 95,
BA. 102, Ai. 1074, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Ni. 510, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1360.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J. Dour/all, M.D., 1878.
1212. The skeleton of a female native of the Andaman Islands.
Many of the ribs and most of the bones of the hands and
feet are missing.
Clavicle, r. 110, I. 107 ; humerus, r. 279, I. 275 ; radius,
r. 217, I. 211 ; femur, r. 390, I 393 ; tibia, r. 318, I 318.
Cranium : C. 468, L. 161, B. 136, Bi. 845, H. 122, Hi. 758,
BN. 88, BA. 86, Ai. 977, Nh. 42, Nw. 22, Ni. 524, Ow. 36,
Oh. 32, Oi. 889, Ca. 1180.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J. Dougall, M.D., 1878.
1213. The skeleton of a female native of the Andaman Islands.
Four of the vertebrae, the left scapula, the right radius, and
most of the bones of the hands and feet are missing.
Clavicle, r. 97 ; humerus, >•, 248, I. 245 ; radius, /. 200 ;
femur, r. 359, I. 360 ; tibia, /•. 295, I. 298.
Cranium : C. 455, L. 159, B. 131, Bi. 824, H. 126, Hi. 792,
m. 91, BA. 92, Ai. 1011, Nh. 43, Nw. 21, Ni. 48S, Ow. 34,
Oh. 32, Oi. 941, Ca. 1110.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J. Dougall, M.D, 1878.
1214. The skeleton of a female native of the Andaman Islands.
Complete, with the exception of a few small bones of the
hands and feet.
Clavicle, r. 102, /. 103; humerus, r. 262, I. 255; radius,
r. 211, 208 ; femur, r. 384, I. 380 ; tibia, r. 315, I. 316.
Cranium : C. 456, L. 156, B. 132, Bi. 846, H. 125, Hi. 801,
BN. 88, BA. 95, Ai. 1080, Nh. 43, Nw. 23, Ni. 535, Ow. 35,
Oh. 30, Oi. 857, Ca. 1025.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J. Dougall, M.D., 1878.
1215. The skeleton of a female native of the Andaman Islands.
The left humerus, the sacrum, eight of the vertebra;, seven
ribs, and the bones of the hands and feet are missing.
Clavicle, r. 114, 7. 114; humerus, r. 256; radius, r. 214,
210 ; femur, r. 380, L 381 ; tibia, r. 308, I 306.
THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS.
37D
Cranium : C. 454, L. 157, B. 131, Bi. 834, H. 120, Hi. 764,
BN. 86, BA. 92, Ai. 1070, Nh. 42, Nw. 21, Ni. 500, Ow. 34,
Oh. 32, Oi. 941, Ca. 1100.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J. Dougall, M.D., 1878.
1216. The skeleton o£ a female native of the Andaman Islands.
The atlas and axis, right clavicle, one rib, the manubrium
sterni, and most of the bones of the hands and feet are
wanting.
Clavicle, I. 97 ; humerus, r. 244, 1. 242 ; radius, r. 198, 1. 197 ;
femur, r. 358, I. 358 ; tibia, r. 294, I. 295.
Cranium : C. 462, L. 160, B. 135, Bi. 844, H. 126, Hi. 788,
BN. 90, BA. 88, Ai. 978, Nh. 42, Nw. 22, Ni. 524, Ow. 35,
Oh. 32, Oi. 914, Ca. 1110.
Presented hy Surgeon-Major J. Dougall, M.D., 1878.
1216 ^ The skeleton of a male native of the Andaman Islands.
Metopic.
C. 506, L. 175, B. 141, Bi. 806, H. 140, Hi. 800, BN. 95,
BA. 92, Ai. 968, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 37, Oh. 35,
Oi. 946, Ca. 1520.
Presented hy W. Beatson, Esq., Bengal Civil Service, 1882,
1217. The skeleton of a male native of the Andaman Islands,
Many of the bones are affected by syphilitic necrosis.
Humerus, r. 281 ; radius, r. 234 ; femur, I 410 ; tibia, I. 326.
Cranium : C. 470, L. 166, B. 130, Bi. 783, H. 128, Hi. 77],
BN. 97, BA. 97, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 21, Ni. 447, Ow. 36,
Oh. 33, Oi. 917, Ca. 1170.
Presented by 3Iaj or- General H. Man at the
request of J. R. Mummery, Esq., 1879.
1218. The skeleton of a female native of the Andaman Islands,
Clavicle, r. 112, I. 116; humerus, r. 279, I. 274; radius,
r. 217, I. 213 ; femur, r. 393, I. 391 ; tibia, r. 324, I. 322.
Cranium : C. 474, L. 165, B. 134, Bi. 812, H. 124, Hi. 756,
BN. 92, BA. 97, Ai. 1054, Nh. 45, Nw. 23, Ni. 511, Ow. 35,
Oh. 33, Oi. 943, Ca. 1210.
Presented hy Major- Geneial H. Man, 1879.
380
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
8. AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA*.
A. African Negroes of unknown Locality.
1219. The articulated skeleton of a male African Negro.
O.C. 5372.
Height 5 feet 1-7 inches = 1567.
Clavicle, r. 153, I. 153; humerus, r. 312, I. 308; radius,
r. 237, I 237 ; femur, r. 425, I. 428 ; tibia, r. 358, I. 358.
Cranium : C. 512, L. 184, B. 135, Bi. 734, H. 138, Hi. 750,
BN. 100, Nh. 47, Nw. 30, Ni. 638, Ow. 40, Oh. 36, Oi. 900,
Ca. 1290.
P urcliased from Mr. George Evans, 1840.
1220. The cranium of an African Negro : S ■ 0. C. 5362.
There is a large right epipteric or, rather, suprasquamous
bone.
C. 493, L. 175, B. 136, Bi. 777, H. 135, Hi. 771, BN. 100,
BA. 104, Ai. 1040, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1350.
Hunterian.
1221. The skull of an African Negro : 0. C. 5379.
C. 515, L. 187, B. 134, Bi. 717, H. 128, Hi. 684, BN. 97,
BA. 102, Ai. 1052, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1370.
Huntenan.
1222. The cranium of an African Negro : c? • 0. C. 5381.
There is a broad lozenge-shaped epactal bone in the supra-
occipital.
C. 500, L. 178, B. 130, Bi. 730, H. 135, Hi. 758, BN. 98,
BA. 99, Ai. 1010, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1310.
Hunterian.
1223. The cranium of an African Negro : ? . 0. C. 5385 &
5757.
C. 495, L. 177, B. 134, Bi. 757, H. 130, Hi. 734, BN. 94,
BA. 99, Ai. 1053, Nh. 40, Nw. 26, Ni. 650, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868. Ca. 1280.
Hunterian.
* The region mainly inhabited by frizzly-haired races, and nearly corre-
fsiionding with the Ethiopian Kegiou of zoologists.
AFRICAN NEGROES OF UNKNOWN LOCALITY.
381
1224. The skull of a young African Negro. 0. C. 5380.
The basilar suture is open. All the permanent teeth have
been acquired, except the last molars.
C. 478, L. 172, B. 128, Bi. 744, H. 128, Hi. 744, BN. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868.
Hiinterian.
1225. The cranium of a young African Negro : ? . 0. C. 5382.
The basilar suture is open, but all the permanent teeth have
been acquired.
C. 477, L. 173, B. 124, Bi. 717, H. 127, Hi. 734, BN. 95,
BA. 102, Ai. 1074, Nh. 43, Nw. 24, Ni. 558, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789.
Purchased.
1226. The cranium of an African Negro : S . 0. C. 5384 &
5756.
C. 534, L. 195, B. 138, Bi. 708, H. 137, Hi. 703, BN. 105,
BA. 106, Ai. 1010, Nh. 47, Nw. 29, Ni. 617, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi, 850, Ca. 1550.
Purchased.
1227. The skull of an African Negro : S - 0. C. 5363.
There is a large epactal bone in the supraoccipital.
C. 517, L. 186, B. 140, Bi. 753, H. 135, Hi. 726, BN. 99,
BA. 106, Ai. 1071,Nh. 51, Nw. 24, Ni. 471, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1325.
Presented hy Henry Cline, Esq.
1228. The cranium of an African Negro : S ■ 0. C. 5376.
It is remarkable for the shortness of the face, breadth
of the nasal aperture, lowness of the orbits, and extreme
prognathism.
C. 522, L. 188, B. 138, Bi. 734, H. 128, Hi. 681, BN. 101,
BA. 116, Ai. 1149, Nh. 39, Nw. 28, Ni. 718, Ow. 39, Oh. 29,
Oi. 744, Ca. 1360.
Purchased.
1229. The cranium of an African Negro : S • 0. C. 5377.
C. 528, L. 190, B. 143, Bi. 753, H. 142, Hi. 747, BN. 113,
BA. 118, Ai. 1044, Nh. 45, Nw. 28, Ni. 622, Ow. 45, Oh. 34^
Oi, 756, Ca. 1420.
Presented hy Sir William Blizard.
382
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1230. The cranium of an African Negro : ? . 0. C. 5374,
C. 490, L. 178, B. 124, Bi. 697, H. 139, Hi. 781, BX. 99,
BA. 98, Ai. 990, Nh. 45, Nw. 25, Ni. 556, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1380.
Purchased.
1231. The cranium of an African Negro : . 0. C. 57C1.
A vertical section has been made through the middle of the
left orbit. See description in 0. C. p. 888.
C. 515, L. 185, B. 135, Bi. 730, H. 140, Hi. 757, BN. 98,
BA. 102, Ai. 1041, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 39, Oh. 36.
Oi. 923, Ca. 1450.
1232. The skull of an African Negro.
C. 507, L. 183, B. 133, Bi. 727, H. 132, Hi. 721, BN. 99,
BA. 105, Ai. 1061, Nh. 49, Nw. 28, Ni. 571, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1340.
Presented hy John Ecans, Esq., 1864.
1233. The skull of an African Negro : ? .
There is a large lozenge-shaped epactal in the supraoccipital.
C. 517, L. 196, B. 126, Bi. 643, H. 134, Hi. 684, BN. 101,
BA. 105, Ai. 1040, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1340.
Presented hy John Evans, Esq., 1864.
1233 The cranium of a male African Negro.
C. 527, L. 185, B. 145, Bi. 784, H. 145, Hi. 784, BN. 113,
BA. 112, Ai. 991, Nh. 62, Nw. 26, Ni. 419, Ow. 38, Oh. 38,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1545.
Presented by Lt.-Col. Sir P. IT. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
1233 Tlie mutilated cranium of an African Negro.
B. 147, Nh. 48, Nw. 29, Ni. 604, Ow. 43, Oh. 31, Oi. 721.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir P. II. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
1234. The cranium of a male Negro slave, who died in the
hospital at Demerara. 0. C. 5366.
C. 545, L. 193, B. 150, Bi. 777, H. 141, Hi. 731, BN. 100,
BA. 113, Ai. 1130, Nh. 50, Nw. 30, Ni. 600, Ow. 42, Oh. 34,
Oi. 810, Ca. 1525.
Pre.ienied hy Sir Pohert J. Schomhurrjk, 1844.
AFRICAN NEGROES OF UNKNOWN LOCALITY.
383
1235. The skull o£ a female Negro slave, who died in the
hospital at Demerara. 0. C. 5367.
C. 492, L. 176, B. 129. Bi. 733, H. 137, Hi. 778, BN. 108,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1028, Nh. 47, Nw. 28, Ni. 596, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1120.
Presented hy Sir Robert H. Schomburgk, 1844.
1236. The skull, pelvis, and most of the other bones of the
skeleton of a South-American female Negro slave.
Cranium : C. 505, L. 178, B. 140, Bi. 787, H. 134, Hi. 753,
BX. 100, BA. 100, Ai. 1000, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 36,
Oh. 36, Oi. 1000, Ca. 1360.
Presented by Sir Robert H. Schomburgk.
1236 1. The skull of a Negress, aged 50.
C. 495, L. 175, B. 134, Bi. 766, H. 126, Hi. 720, m. 101,
BA. 105, Ai. 1040, Nh. 45, Nw. 28, Ni. 622, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1225.
J. H. Spitzly Collection, 1901.
1237. The cranium of a Negress, said to be eighteen years of
age, born in the island of Jamaica. 0. C. 5365.
Union of the basilar suture is almost complete. The third
molars are in place. Thei'e is perfect sagittal synostosis,
without any scaphocephaly or even dolichocephaly.
C. 472, L. 166, B. 132, Bi. 795, H. 124, Hi. 747, BN. 92,
BA. 99, Ai. 1076, Nh. 48, Nw. 23, Ni. 479, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1190.
Purchased, 1844.
1238. The articulated skeleton of a Negress, born in the
United States of North America, and about sixteen
years of age.
She is said to have presented all the external characters
indicating purity of race.
The larger epiphyses are not united to the shafts of the long
bones. The basilar suture is open ; and the posterior molars
are not yet in place.
Height of skeleton 4 feet 11-8 inches = 1520.
Clavicle 120; humerus, r. 308, 305 ; radius, ^. 226 ; femur,
r. 447, I. 449 ; tibia, r. 368, I. 367.
Cranium : C. 497, L. 175, B. 142, Bi. 811, H. 129, Hi. 737,
BN. 89, BA. 93, Ai. 1045, Nh. 43, Nw. 22, Ni. 512, Ow. 36,
Oh. 33, Oi. 917, Ca. 1430.
Presented by Professor L. J. Sanford, of Yale College, 1867.
384
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1239. The skull of a male Negro slave from a plantation in the
State of Mississipi.
The last molars have been acquired.
C. 513, L. 181, B. 138, Bi. 762, H. 127, Hi. 702, BK 101,
BA. 108, Ai. 1069, Nh. 51, Nw. 30, Ni. 588, Ow. 41, Oh. 40,
Oi. 976.
Purchased, 1860 *.
1240. The skull of a female Negro slave from Arkansas State.
" Taken from a burial-ground on the west bank of the
Mississippi, opposite President's Island, six miles from
Memphis."
C. 497, L. 177, B. 137, Bi. 774, H. 125, Hi. 706, BN. 94,
BA. 97, Ai. 1032, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. 545, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 854, Ca. 1290.
Purchased, 1860.
1241. The pelvis of a male Negro.
From the man whose skull is No. 146.
Prepared in 1870.
1241 ^ The skull of a Negro. Tribe unknown : S •
C. 502, L. 175, B. 137, Bi. 783, H. 146, Hi. 831, BN. 101,
BA. 99, Ai. 980, Nh. 52, Nw. 27, Ni. 519, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1535.
Anth'opol. Soc, No. 36.
B. West Coast of Africa.
1242. The skull of a male Negro, a native of Brava, one of the
Cape-Verd Islands.
He was a powerful man, 6 feet 4 inches (193 cm.) high, and
liad been a harpooner in a South-Sea whaler. He died in the
Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich, about 1835.
C. 530, L. 189, B. 144, Bi. 762, H. 136, Hi. 720, BK 108,
BA. 118, Ai. 1093, Nh. 54, Nw. 29, Ni. 537, Ow. 44, Oh. 37,
Oi. 841, Ca. 1457.
Presented hy George Bush, Esq., 1875.
* From Mr. George Russell, with the .Vmericnn skulls Nos. 8G3 to 874.
WEST COAST OF AFRICA.
385
1243. The skull o£ a West-Africau Negro : S •
There is a small conical supernumerary tooth between the
upper right lateral incisor and canine.
C. 542, L. 197, B. 144, Bi. 731, H. 145, Hi. 736, BN. 102,
BA. 110, Ai. 1078, Nh. 49, Nw. 28, Ni. 571, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 820, Ca. 1590.
1)1 Museum before 18G2.
1243 ^ The skull of a Negro from the Fernando Vax River : ? .
C. 455, L. 163, B. 123, Bi. 755, H. 125, Hi. 767, BN. 94,
BA. 95, Ai. 1011, Nh. 41, Nw. 23, Ni. 561, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1115.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 24.
1243^. The skull of a Negro, N'Kami or Camma, from the
Fernando Vax River : ? .
C. 485, L. 169, B. 140, Bi. 828, H. 128, Hi. 757, BN. 98,
BA. 99, Ai. 1010, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900.
Anthropol. Sac, No. 32.
1243 ^. The cranium of a Negro, N'Kami — Akeli or Bakeli tribe.
C. 485, L. 172, B 133, Bi. 773, H. 137, Hi. 797, BN. 99,
BA. 104, Ai. 1051, Nh. 48, Nw. 30, Ni. 625, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897.
Anthropol, Soc, No. 34.
1243*. The cranium of a Negro, N'Kami or Camma, from
the Fernando Vax River : i$ .
C. 510, L. 185, B. 130, Bi. 703, H. 143, Hi. 773, BN. 106,
BA. 110, Ai. 1038, Nh. 48, Nw. 40, Ni. 833, Ow. 40, Oh. 34,
Oi. 850.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 41.
1243^. A cranium from the Fernando Vax River, Camma (?)
C. 518, L. 186, B. 133, Bi. 715, H. 146, Hi. 785, BN. 102,
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 53, Nw. 26, Ni. 491, Ow. 40, Ob. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1550.
Anthropol. Soc , No. 23.
1243 ®. An aged cranium from the Fernando Vax River.
C. 485, L. 170, B. 132, Bi. 776, H. 129, Hi. 759, BN. 100,
BA. 101, Ai. 1010, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1350.
A)tlhrnpol. Sor., No. 26.
2c
386
AFIUCA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1244. The skull of a West -African Negro : ^ .
C. 5:^0, L. 188, B. 133, Bi. 707, H. 137, Hi. 729, BN. 101,
BA. 105, Ai. 1040, Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1400.
In Mu.^ewn before 1862.
1244^. A cranium. Alombo, from the Gaboon : ? .
C. 500, L. 176, B. 136, Bi. 773, H. 132, Hi. 750, BN. 99,
BA. 102, Ai. 1030, Nh. 49, Nw. 28, M. 571, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1325.
Anthrop >l. Soc, No. 7G.
1244^. A cranium. Alombo: ?.
C. 488, L. 176, B. 126, Bi. 716, H. 132, Hi. 750, BK 100,
Nh. 42, Nw. 28, Ni. 667, Ow. 38, Oh. 36, Oi. 947, Ca. 1305.
AnthropoL Soc, No. 82.
1244'. A cranium. Alombo: (J , mutilated.
C. 507, L. 178, B. 141, Bi, 792, Nh. 49, Nw. 30, Ni. 612,
Ow. 43, Oh. 38, Oi. 884, Ca. 1415.
AntJiropoL Soc, No. 83.
1244 A cranium. Alombo : ? .
The basilar suture is open.
C. 479, L. 170, B. 126, Bi. 741, H. 182, Hi. 776, BN. 97,
BA. 91, Ai. 938, Nh. 41, Nw. 26, Ni. 634, Ow. 37, Oh. 36,
Oi. 973, Ca. 1250.
AntJiropoL Soc, No. 132.
1244 The cranium of a male Gura.
C. 525, L. 190, B. IJO, Bi. 737, H. 142, Hi. 747, BN. 108,
BA. 107, Ai. 991, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1620.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 47.
1244 The cranium of a slave from Prince's Island : (J .
C. 515, L. 188, B. 135, Bi. 718, H. 136, Hi. 723, BN. 107,
Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1565.
Antli7'opoL Soc, No. 31.
1244'. A calvaria. Apono : S.
C. 512, L. 180, B. 1^3, Bi. 794, H. 137, Hi. 761, Ca. 1496.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 127.
WEST COAST OF AFRICA.
387
1245. The skull o£ a male African from the West Coast.
From a man who died in the Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich.
C. 466, L. 168, B. 126, Bi. 750, H. 130, Hi. 774, BN. 102,
BA. 114, Ai. 1118, Nh. 51, Nw. 27, Ni. 529, Ow. 38, Oh. 31,
Oi. 816, Ca. 1110.
Presented hy George Busk, Esq., 18li4.
1245 The skull of a male African from the West Coast.
From a man who died in the Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich.
C. 493, L. 178, B. 126, Bi. 70S, H. 129, Hi. 725, BN. 99,
BA. 102, Ai. 1030, Nh. 41, Nw. 28, Ni. 683, 0^. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1285.
Presented hi/ George Busk, Esq., 1881.
1245^. A cranium. Osyekani : .
Calvarial sutures almost obliterated.
C. 515, L. 184, B. 139, Bi. 755, H. 144, Hi. 783, BN. 108,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1028, Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 41, Oh. 37,
Oi. 902, Ca. 1565.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 84.
1245 The cranium of a Negro slave from Banoko : ^ .
Osyeba ?
C. 518, L. 186, B. 139, Bi. 747, H. 144, Hi. 774, BN. 104,
BA, 100, Ai. 962, Nh. 43, Nw. 23, Ni. 535, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1550.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 40.
1245^. The cranium of a Negro. Osyeba slave from Banoko: (J.
C. 509, L. 185, B. 126, Bi. 681, H. 123, Hi. 6G5, BN. 99,
BA. 107, Ai. 1081, Nh. 49, Nw. 30, Ni. 612, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1250.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 191.
1245*. The cranium of a Negro slave from Banoko.
C. 503, L. 175, B. 138, Bi. 789, H. 133, Hi. 760, BN. 107,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1037, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1465.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 22.
1245 ®. The cranium of a Negro. Oseykani (Oaka, Okota, or
Osyeba?): ? .
C. 465, L. 165, B. 128, Bi. 776, H. 125, Hi. 758, BN. 89,
BA: 90, Ai. 1011, Nh. 39, Nw. 22, Ni. 564, Ow. 34, Oh. 3i;,
Oi. 941, Ca. 1175.
AntJirnjH)]. Soc, No. 20.
2c 2
388
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1245 ^ A cranium. Osyeba, Osyekani : ? .
C. 466, L. 168, B. 123, Bi. 732, H. 132, Hi. 786, EN. 96,
BA. 98, Ai. 1021, Nh. 40, Nw. 22, Ni. 550, Ow. 3b, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1275.
AntJiropol. Soc, No. 35.
1245 A cranium. Dibeia <J .
C. 500, L. 171, B. 138, Bi. 807, H. 138, Hi. 807, BN. 107,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1037, Nh. 53, Nw. 31, Ni. 585, Ow. 41, Oh. 41,
Oi. 1000, Ca. 1380.
AntJiropol. Soc, No. 44.
1245 ^ A cranium. Dibeia ^ .
C. 507, L. 186, B. 125, Bi. 672, H. 133, Hi. 715, BN. 108,
Nh. 29, Ow. 38, Oh. 31, Oi. 816, Ca. 1 355.
AntJiropol. Soc, No. 43.
1245^''. A cranium, mutilated. Dibeia ?.
C. 470, L. 166, B. 128, Bi. 771, H. 132, Hi. 795, BN. 102,
BA. 105, Ai. 1029, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1225.
AiitJiropol. Soc, No. 46.
1245 A cranium. Dibeia ?.
C. 480, L. 169, B. 132, Bi. 781, H. 131, Hi. 775, BN. 102,
Ow. 40, Oh. 37, Oi. 925, Ca. 1170.
AntJiropol. Soc, No. 45.
1245 The calvaria of a Negro. Dibeia J* .
C. 505, L. 173, B. 139, Bi. 803, H. 133, Hi. 769.
AntJiropol. Soc, No. 12G.
1245 The cranium of a Mulatto (Portuguese and Negro), (J,
Annabom,
C. 505, L. 183, B. 135, Bi. 738, H. 142, Hi. 776, BN. 106,
BA. 107, Ai. 1009, Nh. 47, Nw. 29, Ni. 617, Ow. 41, Oh. 32,
Oi. 780.
AntJiropol. Soc, No. 2.
1245 The cranium of a Mulatto (Portuguese and Negro), ? ,
Annabom.
C. 473, L. 168, B. 13], Bi. 780, H. 125, Hi. 714, BN. 88,
WEST COAST OF AFRICA.
389
BA. 97, Ai. 1102, Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1170.
Anthropol. Rev. (Journ. Aathropol. Soc.) vol. ii. 1864,
p. ccxxx.
Anthropol, Soc, No. 1.
1245 1^ A skull. Ba-Fanh tribe (Ashira) : ,^ .
C. 508, L. 183, B. 133, Bi. 727, H. 133, Hi. 727, BN. 105,
BA. 109, Ai. 1038, Nh. 50, Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1400.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 33.
1245 A skull. Ba-Fanh tribe (Ashira) : ? .
Anthropol. Rev. (Journ. Anthropol. Soc.) vol. vi. p. Ixii.
C. 460, L. 157, B. 134, Bi. 854, H. 120, Hi. 764, BN. 81,
BA. 91, Ai. 1123, Nh. 40, Nw. 22, Ni. 550, Ow. 33, Oh. 29,
Oi. 879, Ca. 1250.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 27,
1245 ^^ A cranium. Bakele ;
C. 485, L, 170, B. 130, Bi. 765, H. 137, Hi. 806, BN. 97,
BA. 99, Ai. 1021, Nh. 46, Nw. 25, Ni. 543, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1685.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 30.
1245 The cranium o£ a Negro.
C. 530, L. 195, B. 133, Bi. 682, H. 139, Hi. 713, BN. 100,
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 53, Nw. 28, Ni. 528, Ow. 42, Oh. 3»,
Oi. 905, Ca. 1685.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 42.
1245 A cranium. Okeli (Okanda ?) : (J .
C. 500, L. 172, B. 141, Bi. 820, H. 137, Hi. 797, BN. 101,
BA. 103, Ai. 1020, Nh. 49, Nw. 28, Ni. 571, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1425.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 38.
1246. The cranium of a Krooman.
C. 516, L. 189, B. 130, Bi. 688, H. 141, Hi. 746, BN. 110,
BA. 115, Ai. 1045, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 41, Oh. 33,
Oi. 805, Ca. 1350.
Purchased, 1853.
390
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1247. The cranium o£ a Krooman.
C. 532, L. 188, B. 141, Bi. 750, H. 141, Hi. 750, BN. 107,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1037, Nh. 50, Nw. 31, Ni. 620, Ow. 42, Oh. 36,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1580.
Purchased, 1858.
1247 ^ The skull of a Negro o£ the Yoruba Race. From the
Egba district of the Slave Coast.
C. 517, L. 186, B. 137, Bi. 737, H. 133, Hi. 715, BN. 97,
BA. 97, Ai. 1000, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1480.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 21.
1247 ^. The cranium of a Negro of the Yoruba Race: ^ . From
the Egba district.
C. 492, L. 172, B. 134, Bi. 779, H. 141, Hi. 820, BN. 105,
BA. 97, Ai. 924, Nh. 47, Nw. 38, Ni. 809, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1445.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 135.
1247^. The cranium of a Negro, J*, of the Yoruba Race,
found in a Jeba village, 1864,
C. 475, L. 169, B. 127, Bi. 751, H. 128, Hi. 757, BN. 100,
Nw. 27, bw. 39, Oh. 32, Oi. 821, Ca. 1125.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 28.
1247 The skull of a Negro of the Yoruba Race ? From the
Egba district.
C. 499, L. 181, B. 130, Bi. 718, H. 125, Hi. 091, BN. 94,
BA. 98, Ai. 1043, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1300.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 182.
1247 •\ A cranium from the Egba district.
The basilar suture is open.
C. 478, L. 174, B. 125, Bi. 718, H. 123, Hi. 707, BN. 85,
BA. 80, Ai. 941, Nh. 31, Nw. 22, Ni. 710, Ow. 33, Oh. 30,
Oi. 909, Ca. 1285.
AntJirojwl. Soc, No. 177.
1248. The skull of a Negro from the Gold Coast: 0. C.
5364.
C. 522, L. 183, B. 1-15, Bi. 792, H. 144, Hi. 787, BN. 99,
BA. 96, Ai. 970, Nh. 53. Nw. 20, Ni. 547, Ow. 41, Oh. 35,
Oi. 854, Ca. 1610.
Jltintcr'hui.
WEST COAST OF AFRICA.
391
1249. The articulated skeleton of a male Negro from the Gold
Coast.
Thus described by the donor: — " Abookee, a doiikoh (or
slave); complexion very black. Had three perpendicular culs
on each cheek *. Was a native of a tract lying to the north
of Ashantee. Spoke the Mooree language. Was of unmixed
Negro blood, having been brought from Coomassie in 1866 by
Mr. W. C. Fynn."
The right squamosal joins the frontal.
Height 5 feet 0-5 inch=1536.
Clavicle 132 ; humerus, r. 304, 1. 305 ; radius, r. 246, 1. 243 ;
femur, r. 445, I. 443 ; tibia, r. 356, I. 353.
Cranium : C. 482, L. 174, B. 135, Bi. 776, H. 133, Hi. 764,
BN. 97, BA. 95, Ai. 979, Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 38,
Oh. 33, Oi. 868, Ca. 1215.
Presented by Stuff-Surgeon J. R. Thomas and
Professor Huxley, 1868.
1250. The articulated skeleton of a young female Negro from
the Gold Coast.
" Abinamah, a pure-blooded Negress, brought from Coomassie
at the same time as Abookee. A native of the Ingreezi
country, lying to the N.W. of Ashantee. Had two cuts,
forming a < , on each cheek, the cuts meeting on the cheek,
and diverging forwards to enclose the corners of the moiith.
She had menstruated but once, a few days before her death.
Probable age fourteen or fifteen."
The sternum and many of the bones of the hands and feet
are wanting.
The basilar suture is open ; the last molars are not in place ;
and the epiphyses of most of the long bones are not united to
the shafts. The pelvis is very infantile in form, not presenting
the distinguishing characters of the female sex. The squamosal
joins the frontal on the left side.
Height 4 feet 9-6 inches=1463.
Clavicle 112 ; humerus, r. 298, I. 291 ; radius 240 (approxi-
mately) ; femur, r. 428, I. 425 ; tibia, r. 372, I. 373.
Crauium : C. 469, L. 172, B. 122, Bi. 709, H. 126, Hi. 733,
BN. 94, BA. 100, Ai. 1064, Nh. 41, Nw. 26, Ni. 634, Ow. 35,
Oh. 30, Oi. 857, Ca. 1200.
Presented h>j Staff-Siir(jeon J. R. Thomas and
Professor Jfu.vley, 1868.
* " A correct description of the pattern of the cuts aud tiittooinp enables
one to distinfruish the particular tribe to which the slaves belun^." — J. 11. T.
392
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1250 \ The cranium of a Negro : J" . From Gallinas Country,
Sierra Leone.
C. 525, L. 186, B. 137, Bi. 737, H. 134, Hi. 720, BN. 106,
BA. Ill, Ai. 1047, Nh. 50, Nw. 39, Ni. 780, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923, Ca. 1445.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 140.
1250 ^. A cranium. Kru S •
C. 525. L. 189, B. 143, Bi. 757, H. 142, Hi. 751, BN. 103,
BA. 105, Ai. 1047, Nh. 50, Nw. 25, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi, 821, Ca. 1550.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 208.
1251. The cranium of a Negro from Ashantee : cJ. 0. C. 5378.
The squamosals unite with the frontal for the space of half
an inch on both sides.
C. 485, L. 176, B. 127, Bi. 722, H. 137, Hi. 778, BN. 101,
BA. 101, Ai. 1000, Nh. 48, N^. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 40, Oh. 30,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1300.
Presented hy Robert Morrison, Esq., Surgeon R.N.*
1251 ^ The cranium of a native of Ashantee, killed in the war of
1872, and picked up by the donor in 1881 at the
village of Abrukampa, about 16 miles inland from
Cape Coast Castle, where it had been lying with
about 200 others since the war.
C. 525, L. 185, B. 144, Bi. 778, H. 148, Hi. 800, BN. 101,
BA. 94, Ai. 931, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1G70.
Presented hy Edivard Nundy, Esq., 1883.
1252. The cranium of a male Ashantee Negro.
Obtained at Amoaful, February 1874, during the Ashantee
war, by Lieut. Wyatt llawson, B.N.
C. 492, L. 179, B. 124, Bi. 693, H. 140, Hi. 782, BN. 100,
BA. 106, Ai. 1060, Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1480.
Presented }>y Captain II. W. Fe'dden, R.A., 1877.
* This gentleman accompanied Captain Clapperton in his expedition to
Timbuctoo in 1825, and with him leli a victim to the climate aud fatigues
ol' the journey.
"WEST COAST OF AFRICA.
393
1252 The skull of a male Ashantee Negro, from Coomassie.
C. 500, L. 182, B. 133, Bi. 731, H. 141, Hi. 775, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 50, Nw. 31, Ni. 620, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1415.
Presented hy Surgeon-Captain C. L. Gosling,
Medical Army Staff, 1896.
1253. The cranium of an Ashantee chief.
During the Ashantee war of 1873-74, a party of natives
carrying the dead hody of a chief -were surprised by the
English, and ran away, leaving the body on the ground.
The head was secured by the donor.
All the molar and premolar teeth have been lost during life,
and the calvarial sutures are comidetely obliterated.
C. 510, L. 185, B. 129, Bi. 697, H. 139, Hi. 751, BM. 103,
BA. 102, Ai. 990, Nh. 50, Nw. 30, Ni. 600, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 931, Ca. 1380.
Presented hy Captain Mark S. Bell, R.E., V.C., 1877.
1253 ^ The cranium of a Negro. Fanti .
C, 503, L. 176, B. 143, Bi. 813, H. 144, Hi. 818, BN. 100,
BA. 97, Ai. 970, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow 38, Oh. 37,
Oi. 974, Ca. 1400.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 136.
1253^. The cranium of a Negro. Fanti •
C. 488, L. 176, B. 131, Bi. 744, H. 134, Hi. 761, BN. 106,
BA. 104, Ai. 981, Nh. 45, Nw. 27, Ni. 600, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1335.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 138.
1253 ^. The cranium of a Negro. Fanti ^ .
C. 525, L. 185, B. 140, Bi. 757, H. 144, Hi. 778, BN. 99,
BA. 100, Ai. 1010.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 139.
1254. The cranium of a Negro child.
Brought from Fernando Po by Sir Joseph Hooker.
The milk-teeth are in place. The basi- and exoccipitals are
wanting.
C. 448, L. 159, B. 121, Bi. 761, Nh. 29, Nw. 20, Ni. 690,
Ow. 33, Oh. 30, Oi. 909.
Presented by Pro/e-'sor Huxley, 1879.
394
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1254 ^ The cranium of a young Negro slave, from Old
Calabar: ? .
C. 483, L. 173, B. 130, Bi. 751, H. 125, Hi. 723, BX. 94,
BA. 97, Ai. 1032, Nh. 41, Nw. 26, Ni. B34, Ovv. 36, Oh. 31,
Oi. 861, Ca. 1265.
1254^. The cranium of a young Negro slave, from Ohl
Calabar: ? .
C. 502, L. 182, B. 127, Bi. 698, H. 132, Hi. 725, BX. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1350.
1254'. The cranium of a Negi'o from Old Calabar : ^ .
C. 465, L. 160, B. 133, Bi. 831, H. 125, Hi. 781, Ow. 35,
Oh. 33, Oi. 943.
Aathropol. Soc, No. 125.
1254 ^ The skull of a Negro from the Gaboon : <S •
Lower jaw doubtful.
C. 490, L. 173, B. 130, Bi. 751, H. ir6. Hi. 786, BN. 104,
Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 40, Oh. 37, Oi. 925, Ca. 1285.
1254 The cranium of a Negro from the West Coast, labelled
" Ogoni " ; the tribe or place is not known.
C. 495, L. 108, B. 139, Bi. 827, H. 128, Hi. 762, BN. 91,
BA. 88, Ai. 967, Nh. 42, Nw. 22, Ni. 524, Ow. 34, Oh. 29,
Oi. 853, Ca. 1350.
The above four specimens, 1254 ^ - ^ '', were collected in
1879 by the late Kobert B. Dohree, Esq., and presented
by him to the Museum, February 20th, 1880.
1254®. The skull and both femora of a Negro girl from the
interior of Africa in the Niger District.
Being those of Amelia John, who died it Oiiitslia in 1877.
C. 470, L. 169, B. 124, Bi. 734, H. 126, Hi. 746, BX. 96,
BA. 96, Ai. 1000, Nh. 4(5, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 34, Oh. 33,
Oi. 971.
J'ri'senlid hi/ I he Hon. T. JxIkcI// (rrijfilh, Colonial Secrr/dr//
Sf- 7V('((.<" ?•('(', Sierra Leone. 188.').
WEST COAST OF AFRICA.
395
1254'^. The cranium (wanting the nasal bones) of a native of
the Upper Congo Region.
Marked " Skull of male Baj'unoi Mlongo, Upper Congo,"
brought from thence by the donor, 1883.
It is very small and feminine if really a male as the donor
believes.
C. 490, L. 174, B. 122, Bi. 701, H. 128, Hi. 736, BN. 91,
BA. 95, Ai. 1044, Nh. 41, Nw. 25, Ni. 610, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889, Ca. 1220.
Presented hy H. II. Johnston, Esq., 1884.
1255. The skull of a Negro from Novo Eedondo, south of
Angola : S ■
Brought home by Mr. J. J. Monteiro, Jun.
C. 520, L. 187, B. 134, Bi. 717, H. 144, Hi. 770, BX. 104,
BA. 107, Ai. 1029, Nh. 50, Nw. 27, Ni. 540, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1510.
Presented by Professor Huxley, 1864.
1256. The cranium of a Negro of the Mondombe tribe.
A tribe inhabiting the country between Benguela and Mossa-
medes (Little Fish Bay), from 12° to 16° S. lat.
Brought home by Mr. J. J. Monteiro, Jun.
C. 510, L. 180, B. 133, Bi. 739, H. 122, Hi. 678, BN. 91,
Nh. 50, Nw. 26, Ni. 520, Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi. 895, Ca. 1235.
Presented by Professor Huxley, 1864.
1256 ^-1256 ^ A series of five skulls, taken on October 20th,
1886j dui-ing the action at Beaufort Island, 400 miles up the
River Niger (W. Africa), from an outhouse of the palace of
King Abadge, most probably the torture house. They belonged
to either Negro or Arab prisoners of war. The lower jaws
have been taken away, probably to serve as a fetish. Most of
the skulls show marks of violence.
1256 \ C. 520, L. 184, B. 136, Bi. 739, H. 137, Hi. 745, BN. 100
BA. 101, Ai. 1010, Nh. 49, Nw. 28, Ni. 571, Ow. 42, Oh. 36,
Oi. 857, Ca. 1445.
12561 C. 513, L. 187, B. 129, Bi. 690, H. 132, Hi. 706, BN. 108,
Nh. 58, Nw. 27, Ni. 466, Ow. 41, Oh. 37, Oi. 902, Ca. 1480.
1256^ C. 523, L. 186, B. 144, Bi. 774, Nh. 54, Nw. 29, Ni. 537,
Ow. 42, Oh. 33, Oi. 7.S6, Ca. 1590.
396
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1256 \ C. 505, L. 183, B. 130, Bl 710, H. 140, Hi. 765, BX. 106,
Nh. 49, Nw. 30, Ni. 612, Ow. 41, Oh. 35, Oi. 854, Ca. 1460.
1256\ C. 515, L. 184, B. 142, Bi. 772, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551,
Ow. 41, Oh. 32, Oi. 780.
Presented by W, H. Crosse, Es].,
of the Royal Niger Company, 18'J0.
1256 «. The skull of a Negro from the West Coast.
C. 540, L. 194, B. 136, Bi. 701, H. 138, Hi. 711, BN. 104,
BA. 106, Ai. 1019, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1625.
Presented by W. II. Crosse, Esq., 1892.
1256 \ The skull of a Negro from West Coast.
C. 505, L. 183, B. 129, Bi. 705, H. 132, Hi. 721, BN. 99,
BA. 98, Ai. 990, Nh. 48, Nw. 30, Ni. 625, Ow. 33, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1091.
Presented by W. H. Crosse, Esq., 18'.'2.
1256 ^. A skull from Benin.
C. 490, L. 177, B. 128, Bi. 723, H. 132, Hi. 746, BN. 97,
BA. 101, Ai. 1041, Nh. 43, Nw. 27, Ni. 628, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1275.
Presented by F. T17/i/i Sampson, Esq., 1900.
C. The Soudan and Central Africa.
1257. A cranium (wanting the occi})ital bone) of a Negro of
the Bari tribe.
Obtained by Lieut. Chippendale, R.E., of Colonel Gordon's
Nile expedition, near Ragaff'.
The basilar suture is not united ; but all the permanent
teeth have been acquired.
Nh. 44, Nw. 26, Ni. 591, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868.
Presented by Colonel J. A. Grant, C.B., 1876.
1257^. The skeleton of Hanes Mohametl, an Abyssinian or
Habsee Negro, aged about 35 years.
A sailor on an Arab ship, who died in the Campbell Hospital,
Calcutta, on the 6th of April, 1880.
C. 480, L. 167, B. 133, Bi. 796, H. 132, Hi. 790, BN. 107,
BA. 104, Ai. 972, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oli. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca 1250.
Presented hy Dr. S. Coull Mackend',
Surr/.-Major Bombay Army, 1881.
THE SOUDAN AND CENTRAL AFRICA.
397
1257 ^. The skeleton o£ a male Negro, Amber Babooni, aged
30 years.
A fireman or stoker on board a steamer ; a native of
Abyssinia, Mahomedan by caste, who died in the Campbell
Hospital, Calcutta, January 12th, 1882.
C. 505, L. 180, B. 128, Bi. 711, H. 135, Hi. 750, BN. 102,
BA. 100, Ai. 980, Nh. 49, Nw. 32, Ni. 633, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi, 923, Ca. 1315.
Presented hy Dr. S. Coull Mackenzie,
Surgeon-Major Bengal Army, 1882.
1257 \ A skull. Mangbere tribe o£ the Monbuttu.
Supernumerary left upper third molar, teeth complete.
C, 495, L. 178, B. 136, Bi. 764, H. 124, Hi. 697, BN. 95,
BA. 103, Ai. 1084, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1320.
1257 *. A skull. Akossi tribe of the Mornon (Monbuttu).
Teeth complete, middle incisors (as in the last) filed.
C. 500, L. 176, B. 137, Bi. 778, H. 134, Hi. 761, BN. 99,
BA. 105, Ai. 1061, Nh. 50, Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1390.
These two fine skulls were sent direct from the Soudan by
TJr. Emin Bey, 1883.
1257 ^. The skull of a male of the Niam Niam Country.
C. 520, L. 188, B. 130, Bi. 691, H. 131, Hi, 697, BN. 105,
BA. 102, Ai. 971, Nh. 49, Nw. 29, Ni. 592, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1485.
Purchased, 1884.
1257 The skull of a male of the Niam Niam Country.
C. 512, L. 185, B. 124, Bi. 670, H. 138, Hi. 746, BN. 101,
BA. 104, Ai. 1030, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1445.
Purchased, 1884.
1257 ^. The skull of a female of the Niam Niam Country.
Atlas ankylosed and atrophied.
C. 477, L. 168, B. 127, Bi. 756, H. 122, Hi. 726, BN. 90,
BA. 91, Ai. 1011, Nh. 45, Nw. 26, Ni. 578, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1225.
Purchased, 1884.
1257 ^. The skull of a child, Niam Niam Country.
Purchased, 1884.
398
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1257 The cranium of a Negro found at Ikondu ?
C. 480, L. 171, B. 130, Bi. 760, Nh. 36, Nw. 21, Ni. 583,
Ow. 33, Oh. 30, Oi. 909. Anthropol. Sac, No. 133.
1257 The cranium of a Negro, Banaga ?
C. 498, L. 175, B. 136, Bi. 777, H. 135, Hi. 771, BN. 103,
BA. 101, Ai. 98], Nh. 47, Nw. 24, Ni. 511, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1375. Anthropol Soc, No. 124.
1257 The skull of a male of the Buntu Nation, Tribe Ajawa
or Yao, section Kawaiga.
Killed at Chikula in the Shire Highlands, 1895. Brought
over in 1897 by Wordsworth Poole, Esq., M.B., B.C., M.R.C.S.,
Principal Medical Officer, Central Africa Administration.
C. 512, L. 185, B. 133, Bi. 719, H. 131, Hi. 708, BN. 103,
BA. 102, Ai. 990, Nh. 44, Nw. 22, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1470.
Presented hy C. II. Golding-Bird, Esq., 1898.
1257 The skull of a Dervish from the battlefield of Omdurman.
C. 497, L. 179, B. 128, Bi. 715, H. 130, Hi. 726, BX. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 51, Nw. 25, Ni. 490, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1375.
1257 A cranium from the same battlefield.
C. 515, L. 190, B. 134, Bi. 705, H. 134, Hi. 705, BN. 104,
Nh. 47, Nw. 30, Ni. 638, Ca. 1535.
1257 A cranium from the same battlefield.
C. 503, B. 129, H. 134, BN. 98, BA. 113, Ai. 1153, Nh. 46,
Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 38, Oh. 32, Oi. 842.
The above three sp>ecimens presented hy
Henry S. Wellcome, Esq., 1902.
1257 A cranium, from Bunder Abbas near Berberah, Somali
Country.
C. 506, L. 1^0, B. 137, Bi, 761, H. 135, Hi. 750, BN. 96.
BA. 90, Ai. 938, Nh. 43, Nw. 24, Ni. 558, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1400. Anthropol. Soc, No. 53.
1257 The cranium of a Somali from Aden : ? .
C. 454, L. 159, B. 126, Bi. 792, H. 124, Hi. 780, BN. 85,
BA. 95, Ai. 1118, Nh. 33, Nw. 22, Ni. 667, Ow. 34, Oh. 35,
Oi. 1029, Ca. 1155. Anthropol. Soc, No. 55.
EASTERN AFRICA.
399
1257 The mutilated cranium o£ a Negro from the SouJan.
Metopic.
C. 498, L. 175, B. 135, Bi. 771, H. 139, Hi. 794, BX. 95,
Nh. 46, Nw. 23, Ni. 500, Ow. 33, Oh. 31, Oi. 939.
Presented hi/ Lt.-Col. Sir B. H. Charles,
I.M.S, K.C.V.O., 1906.
1257 2*. The skull of a native of Abyssinia.
C. 489, L, 175, B. 134, Bi. 766, H. 133,, Hi. 760, BN. 100,
BA. 92, Ai. 920, Nh. 50?, Nw. 23, Ni. 460, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1305.
Presented hy Lt.-Col. Sir R. H. Charles,
I.M.S., K.C.V.O., 1906.
T>. Eastern Africa.
The twenty following specimens were obtained at Quiloa by
Captains Burton and Speke. They belonged to slaves of
various tribes of the interior, who died from an epidemic
of cholera, while waiting exportation. The first six are skulls
of adult persons, the basilar suture being closed and all the
permanent teeth having come into place. The remainder
are immature. Said to be chiefly of the Wahiou tribe.
Dr. Barnard Davis, Thesaurus Craniorum, p. 207.
1258. The cranium of a Negro from Quiloa : ^ .
C. 522, L. 189, B. 133, Bi. 704, H. 132, Hi. 698, BN. 109,
Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 40, Oh. 34, Oi. 850, Ca. 1340.
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1259. The cranium of a Negro from Quiloa : J ?
C. 515, L. 186, B. 135, Bi. 726, H. 130, Hi. 699, BN. 102,
BA. 109, Ai. 1069, Nh. 54, Nw. 27, Ni. 500, Ow. 40, Oh. 36,
Oi. 900, Ca. 1300.
Presented hy the Council of the Royal Geographiccd Society, 1859.
1260. The cranium of a Negro from Quiloa : ? .
C. 492, L. 174, B. 135, Bi. 776, H. 133, Hi. 764. BN. 106,
BA. 105, Ai. 991, Nh. 45, Nw. 27, Ni. 600, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1325.
Presented hy the Council of the Roycd Geographiccd Society, 1859.
400
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1261. The cranium of a Negro from Quiloa : (J .
C. 515, L. 186, B. 139, Bi. 717, H. 128, Hi. 688, BN. 103,
BA. 102, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1325.
Presented by the Council of the Roijal Geographical Society, 1859.
1262. The cranium of a Negro from Quiloa : ^ .
C. 488, L. 176, B. 127, Bi. 722, H. 129, Hi. 733, BN. 100,
BA. 105, Ai. 1050, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1190.
Presented by the Council of the. Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1263. The cranium of a Negro from Quiloa : ? .
There is complete synostosis of the sagittal suture, though
the molar teeth are unworn.
C. 490, L. 178, B. 125, Bi. 702, H. 125, Hi. 702, BX. 98,
BA. 106, Ai. 1082, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1120.
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
In all the remaining skulls of this series the basilar suture is still
open.
In the four following the third molar is quite or very nearly in
place.
1264. The cranium of a young Negro from Quiloa
C. 498, L. 183, B. 127, Bi. 694, H. 129, Hi. 705, BN. 105,
BA. 109, Ai. 1038, Nh. 43, Nw. 30, Ni. 698, Ow. 37, Oh. 28,
Oi. 757.
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1265. The cranium of a young Negro from Quiloa.
C. 513, L. 184, B. 135, Bi. 734, H. 125, Hi. 679, BN. 96,
Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 38, Oh. 37, Oi. 974.
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1266. The cranium of a young Negro from Quiloa.
C. 517, L. 184, B. 139, Bi. 755, H. 143, Hi. 777, BN. 95,
BA. 98, Ai. 1032, Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 36, Oh. 36,
Oi. 1000.
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1-:ASTERN AFRICA.
401
1267. The cranium of a young Negro from Quiloa.
C. 488, L. 175, B. 125, Bi. 714, H. 130, Hi. 743, BX. 93,
BA. 96, Ai. 1032, Nh. 44, Nw. 23, Ni. 523, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944.
Presented hy the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 18.50.
In the four following specimens all the milk-teeth have been shed,
the second permanent molar is in place, but the third is still concealed
in the alveolus.
12G8. The cranium o£ a young Negro from Quiloa.
C. 492, L. 178, B. 127, Bi. 713, H. 125, Hi. 702, BN. 90,
BA. 95, Ai. 1056, Nh. 45, Nw. 2.3, Ni. 511, Ow. 34, Oh. 33,
Oi. 971.
Presented hy the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1269. The cranium of a young Negro from Quiloa.
C. 498, L. 181, B. 130, Bi. 718, H. 128, Hi. 707, BN. 92,
BA. 98, Ai. 1065, Nh. 44, Nw. 2.3, Ni. 523, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872.
Presented hy the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1270. The cranium of a young Negro from Quiloa.
C. 497, L. 180, B. 130, Bi. 722, H. 134, Hi 744, BN. 93,
BA. 96, Ai. 1032, Nh. 42, Nw. 26, Ni. 619, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811.
Presented hy the Council oftlie Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1271. The cranium of a jonng Negro from Quiloa.
C. 473, L. 175, B. 125, Bi. 714, H. 133, Hi. 760, BN. 96,
BA. 99, Ai. 1031, Nh. 41, Nw. 25, Ni. 610, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943.
Presented hy the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
In the three following the second milk-molars are retained, and the
second permanent molars are coming into place.
1272. The cranium of a Negro child from Quiloa.
C. 495, L. 183, B. 132, Bi. 721, H. 130, Hi. 710, BN. 91,
BA. 93, Ai. 1022, Nh. 42, Nw. 26, Ni. 619, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917.
Presented hy the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
2d '
402
AFRICA SOrTH OF THE SAHARA,
1273. The cranium of a Negro child from Quiloa.
C. 491, L. 175, B. 132, Bi, 754, H. 130, Hi. 743, BN, 94,
BA. 97, Ai, 1032, Nh. 46, Nw, 27, Ni, 587, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919,
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1274. The cranium of a Negro child from Quiloa.
C. 500, L. 185, B. 1.30, Bi, 703, H, 126, Hi. 681, BN, 92,
BA. 95, Ai. 1033, Nh, 41, Nw. 23, Ni. 561, Ow. 36, Oh. 32,
Oi. 889.
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859,
In the three following both the milk-molars and the first permanent
molars are in place.
1275. Tlie cranium of a Negro child from Quiloa.
C, 481, L, 175, B. 130, Bi. 743, H. 129, Hi. 737, BX. 86,
BA. 87, Ai. 1012, Nh. 37, Nw. 23, Ni, 622, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886.
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1276. The cranium of a Negro child from Quiloa.
There is synostosis of the posterior two thirds of the sagittal
suture.
C. 470, L. 173, B. 119, Bi. 688, H. 119, Hi. 688, BN. 88,
BA. 87, Ai. 989, Nh. 41, Nw. 25, Ni. 610, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886.
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1277. The cranium of a Negro child from Quiloa.
C. 470, L, 173, B, 123, Bi, 711, H. 118, Hi. 682, BN. 86,
BA. 87, Ai. 1012, Nh. 34, Nw. 20, Ni. 588, Ow. 34, Oh. 27,
Oi. 794,
Presented by the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, 1859.
1277 K A cranium, from Quiloa : ^ .
Metopic,
C. 506, L. 177, B. 138, Bi. 780, H. 141, Hi. 797, BN. 103,
BA, 108, Ai, 1049, Nh, 51, Nw. 26, Ni, 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca, 1410,
Anihropol. Soc, No, 85.
EASTERX AFRICA.
i03
The five following specimens were collected near the river
Shire, in 1863, hy Dr. Kirk, attached to Livingstone's second
expedition.
In all which retain the incisors, these teeth are deeply notched
with a file in the middle of the cutting-edge.
1278. The skull of a Manganja Negro : <^ .
Metopic.
C. 512, L. 183, B. 131, Bi. 732, H. 129, Hi. 705, BN. 97,
Nh. 45, Nw. 26, Ni. 578, Ow. 37, Oh. 31, Oi. 838, Ca. 1280.
Presented by Dr. John Kirk, 186'4.
1279. The skull of a Manganja Negro.
C. 502, L. 182, B. 131, Bi. 720, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 100,
Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 39, Oh. 34, Oi. 872, Ca. 1235.
Presented hy Dr. John Kirk, 1864.
1280. The skull of a Manganja Negro.
C. 485, L. 176, B. 125, Bi. 710, H. 132, Hi. 750, BN. 99,
Nh. 47, Nw. 26, Ni. 553, Ow. 37, Oh. 32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1210.
Presented hy Dr. John Kirk, 1864.
1281. The skull of a Manganja Negro.
The right squamosal meets the frontal.
C. 482, L. 177, B. 122, Bi. 689, H. 124, Hi. 701, BN. 97,
BA. 102, Ai. 1052, Nh. 42, Nw. 24, Ni. 571, Ow. 36, Oh. 30.
Oi. 833, Ca. 1180.
Presented by Dr. John Kirk, 1864.
1282. The skull of a young Manganja Negro.
The basilar suture is open. The third molars are not in
place. The second upper milk-molar is retained.
C. 478, L. 173, B. 128, Bi. 740, H. 128, Hi. 740, BN. 96,
BA. 104, Ai. 1083, Nh. 43, Nw. 23, Ni. 535, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1260.
Presented hy Dr. John Kirk, 18G4.
1282 ^ The cranium of a male Masai from Nairobi, British
East Africa.
C. 522, L. 188, B. 136, Bi. 723, H. 131, Hi. 697, BN. 97,
BA. 100, Ai. 1031, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1525.
Presented by R, Meinertzhagen, Esq., 1006.
2d 2
404
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
The following seven specimens were presented by Dr. A.
Sieveking in 1901.
1282 ". The skull oE a male Masai from East Africa. The lower
incisors are removed as a tribal mark.
C. 492, L. 175, B. 132, Bi. 754, H. 130, Hi. 743, BN. 109,
BA. 123, Ai. 1128, Nh. 45, Nw. 30, Wi. 667, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1195.
1282^. The cranium of a male Wa Soga from U. Soga.
C. 513, L. 183, B. 136, Bi. 743, H. 126, Hi. 689, BX. 93,
BA. 96, Ai. 1032, Nh. 42, Nw. 26, Ni. 619, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1435.
1282*. The cranium o£ a male Wa Soga from U. Soga.
C. 490, L. 172, B. 136, Bi. 791, H. 132, Hi. 767, BN. 96,
BA. 99, Ai. 1031, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1350.
1282 ^ The cranium of a male Wa Soga from U. Soga.
C. 505, L. 186, B. 129, Bi. 694, H. 130, Hi. 699, BN. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1360.
1282 The cranium of a male Wa Kamba from U. Kanibani.
Two of the incisors are filed to a point as a tribal
mark.
C. 498, L. 184, B. 128, Bi. 696, H. 137, Hi. 745, BN 110,
BA. 112, Ai. 1018, Nh. 51, Nw. 29, Ni. 569, Ow. 41, Oh. 36,
Oi. 878, Ca. 1395.
1282 ^ The cranium of a male Wa Kamba from U. Kambani.
One incisor remains and shows the tribal mark.
C. 507, L. 181, B. 132, Bi. 729, H. 129 Hi. 713, BN. 95,
BA. 100, Ai. 1053, Nh. 52, Nw. 25, Ni. 481, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1410.
1282 ^ The cranium of a female Wa Kamba from U. Kambani.
C. 468, L. 166, B. 125, Bi. 753, H. 128, Hi. 771, BN. 96,
BA. 93, Ai. 969, Nh. 47, Nw. 23, Ni. 489, Ow. 36, Oh. 35,
Oi. 972, Ca. 1240.
SOUTH AFRICA.
405
1282 ®. The skull of a Nandi man, from Nandi, British East
Africa.
C. 524, L. 190, B. 133, Bi. 700, H. 134, Hi. 705, BN. 105,
BA. 104, Ai. 990, m. 56, Nw. 29, Ni. 518, Ow. 39, Oh. 37,
Oi. 949, Ca. 1450.
Presented by R. Meinertzhagen, 1906.
1282 The cranium of a Nandi man, from Nandi, British East
Africa.
C. 541, L. 197, B. 139, Bi. 706, H. 139, Hi. 706, BN, 106,
BA. 103, Ai. 972, Nh. 48, Nw. 25, Ni. 521, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1625.
Presented by R. Meinertzhagen, 1906.
E. South Africa.
1283. The skull of a Zulu : S •
Obtained from a native battle-field by Major Blaii', who pre-
(seiited it to the donor.
On the left side the squamosal reaches to the frontal ; on the
right an epipteric bone is interposed.
C. 514, L. 181, B. 139, Bi. 768, H. 145, Hi. 801, BN. 101,
BA. 96, Ai. 950, Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1480.
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 1868.
1284. The cranium of a Zulu ; S •
This and the following specimen were obtained in Natal by
Dr. Frank, Assistant-Surgeon H.M. Army, and by him presented
to the donor.
C. 520, L. 190, B. 132, Bi. 695, H. 139, Hi. 732, BN. 102,
BA. 107, Ai. 1049, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789, Ca. 1430.
Presented by T. Spencer Wells, Esq., 1865.
1285. The cranium of a Zulu : ? .
There is complete synostosis of the sagittal and of the spheno-
frontal sutures.
C. 496, L. 176, B. 132, Bi. 750, H. 133, Hi. 756. BN. 96.
BA. 100, Ai. 1042, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1240.
Presented by T. Spencer Welk, Esq., 1865.
406
AFUICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
The four following crania of male Zulus were obtained on
Dec. 9th, 1879, by Henry F. Flynn, Esq., Resident Magistrate,
Umsinga Division, on the battlefield of Isandhlwana from the
place where the " Ngobamosi Regiment," a pure Zulu Battalion,
attacked the camp, January 22nd, 1879.
1285 \ Skull of a male Zulu.
C. 515, L. 182, B. 135, Bi. 742, H. 137, Hi. 753, BN. 103,
BA. 100, Ai. 971, Nh. 49, Nw. 29, Ni. 592, Ow. 40, Oh. 32,
Oi. 800, Ca. 1460.
1285^. Cranium of a male Zulu.
C. 525, L. 187, B. 139, Bi. 743, H. 148, Hi. 791, BN. 107,
BA. 107, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 28, Ni. 596, Ow. 37, Oh. 30,
Oi. 811, Ca. 1490.
(A portion of scalp with hair of this specimen preserved.)
1285^. Cranium of a male Zulu.
C. 546, L. 198, B. 134, Bi. 722, H. 142, Hi. 717, BN. 103,
BA. 105, Ai. 1019, Nh. 46, Nw. 29, Ni. 630, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1745.
1285 ^ Cranium of a male Zulu, with a bullet hole passing
through parietals.
C. 528, L. 188, B. 145, Bi. 771, H. 148, Hi. 787, BN. 108,
BA. 109, Ai. 1009, Nh. 46, Nw. 29, Ni. 630, Ow. 41, Oh. 34,
Oi. 829, Ca. 1625.
1284^. Skull of an aged Zulu woman.
This, obtained by Mr. Flynn at the same time as the above,
is the skull of an aged Zulu woman in all probability of the
same tribe, whose body was found in the crags and is supposed
to have died there in taking shelter from the cold rains.
C. 510, L. 180, B. 140, Bi. 778, H. 141, Hi. 783, BN. 102,
BA. 104, Ai. 1020, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 37, Oh. 31,
Oi. 838, Ca. 1425.
The above fixe specimens presented by H. F. Fynn, Esq.,
Col. C. B. H. Mitchell, and Dr. R. J. Mann, 1880.
1285^. The cranium of a male Zulu.
C. 510, L. 180, B. 135. Bi. 750, H. 138, Hi. 767, BN. 105,
BA. 102, Ai. 971. Nh. 51. Nw. 28. Ni. 549, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1440.-
SOUTH AKKICA.
407
1285 ^ The cranium of a male Zulu.
C. 510, L. 177, B. 139, Bi. 785, H. 137, Hi. 774, BN. 99,
BA. 100, Ai. 1010, Nh. 49, Nw. 31, Ni. 633, 0\v. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1495.
1285 ^. A lower jaw.
1285 9. A lower jaw.
The above four specimens are from warriors of the Zulu army
who fell at Isandhlwana. The donor writes (Oct. 15, 1882) : —
" I found the skeletons (perhaps ten or twelve) huddled
together among the rocks some five or six hundred yards iu
advance of where the British camp stood. They must have
been shot when advancing to the attack. Beside the skeletons
lay their bleached assegais, and the rings (showing that the
wearers were adult) still encircled the skulls."
1285 The cranium of a Zulu warrior killed at Ulundi.
In reference to the injury on the left frontal region, see
Major Fielden's letter, Oct. 15th, 1882.
C. 515, L. 182, B. 138, Bi. 758, H. 134, Hi. 736, BN. 100,
BA. 94, Ai. 940, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 39, Oh. 35,
Oi. 897, Ca. 1570.
1285 The cranium of a Zulu warrior killed at Ulundi.
Found by the donor with the last, Sept. Ist, 1881. It is
quite impossible that any but those who belonged to the Zulu
Army could be lying about, for the few British that fell on that
occasion were carefully buried.
C. 513, L. 178, B. 145, Bi. 815, H. 142, Hi. 798, BN. 98,
BA. 96, Ai. 980, Nh. 52, Nw. 26, Ni. 500, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1450.
128512. The cranium of a Kaffir ( ? ?).
Procured by the donor "from a cave in Ilovo District, Natal,
where the unfortunate inhabitants retreated from the fury of
the relentless destroyer Chaka, the founder of the Zulu Dynasty,
between the years 1810-20."
C. 515, L. 138, B. 144, Bi. 787, H. 131, Hi. 716, BN. 95,
BA. 97, Ai. 1021, Nh. 48, Nw. 31, Ni. 646, Ow. 37, Oh. 33,
Oi. 892, Ca. 1420.
The above seven specimens presented by
Major H. W. Fielden, 1882.
408,
AFRICA SOLTH OF THE SAHAKA.
1285 The cranium of a male Zulu. From the battlefield of
Isandula.
C. 550, L. 192, B. 149, Bi. 776, H. 140, Hi. 729, BN. 107,
BA. 104, Ai. 972, Nh. 50, Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1750.
128.5 The cranium (with extensive fractures of the right side)
of a male Zulu. Found at the same time and place
as the last.
L. 174, H. 136, Hi. 782, BN. 98, BA. 102, Ai. 1041,
Nh. 47, Xw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 38, Oh. 33, Oi. 868.
Presented with the preceding by Lawson Tait, Esq., 1882.
1285 The cranium of a Zulu, ? , with parietal synostosis.
Sent to England by an officer who served in the Zulu war of
1879.
C. 490, L. 182, B. 120, Bi. 659, H. 128, Hi. 703, BN. 103,
BA. 99, Ai. 961, Nh. 46, Nw. 24, Ni. 522, Ow. 36, Oh. 33,
Oi. 917, Ca. 1270.
Presented by Mrs. George Thornton Mostyn, 1883.
1285 The cranium of a Matabele.
C. 480, L. 175, B. 125, Bi. 714, H. 129, Hi. 737, BN. 100,
Nh. 44, Nw. 27, Ni. 614, Ow. 39, Oh. 35, Oi. 897, Ca. 1180.
Presented by A. E. Stevens, Esq., 1900.
1285 The cranium of a Matabele.
C. 490, L. 177, B. 124, Bi. 701, H. 12.5, Hi. 706, BN. 91,
BA. 92, Ai. 1011, Nh. 44, Nw. 27, Ni. 614, Ow. 34, Oh. 29,
Oi. 853, Ca. 1215.
Presented by A. E. Stevens, Esq., 1900.
1286. The skull of a female Kaffir, of the Amahaca tribe, from
Natal.
" Her age was about twenty. She was rather below the
average height (being about five feet), of excellent character,
and giving great promise of steady perseverance as a useful
domestic servant."
C. 495, L. 178, B. 129, Bi. 725, H. 134, Hi. 753, BN. 99,
BA. 97, Ai. 980, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1300.
Presented by Dr. P. C. Sutherland, Surveif or- General
of Satal, 1879.
SOUTH AFRICA.
409
1287. The cranium of a male Kaffir. 0. C. 5360.
An unusually heavy cranium. The squamosal joins the
frontal on both sides.
C. 538, L. 192, B. 139, Bi. 724, H. 139, Hi. 724, BN. 107,
BA. 114, Ai. 1065, Nh. 50, Nw. 31, Nj. 620, 0\v. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1550.
Presented by Benjamin 7 ravers, Esq.,jun., 1849.
1288. The skull of a Kaffir. 0. C. 5361.
C. 510, L. 183, B. 137, Bi. 749, H. 132, Hi. 721, BN. 98,
BA. 102, Ai. 1041, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 38, Oh. 36,
Oi. 947, Ca. 1240.
From the Collection of J. F. South, Esq. Purchased, 1835.
1289. The cranium of a young Kaffir.
" Taken from a native burial-ground by a medical officer
attached to the British Army during the Kaffir war."
All the permanent teeth have been acquired ; but the basilar
suture is still open.
C. 484, L. 173, B. 132, Bi. 763, H. 129, Hi. 746, BN. 99,
BA. 99, Ai. 1000, Nh. 45, Nw. 27, Ni. 600, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1225.
Presented by Frank T. Buckland, Esq., 1862.
The following five specimens of Kaffir skulls from the same
source as 1289, were presented by Mr. Frank Buckland, 1880.
1289 1. Cranium of adult Kaffir : ? .
C. 525, L. 190, B. 138, Bi. 726, H. 142, Hi. 747, BN. Ill,
BA. 113, Ai. 1018, Nh. 48, Nw. 28, Ni. 583, Ow. 41, Oh. 38,
Oi. 927, Ca. 1450.
1289 Cranium of a child with milk teeth and 1st true molars.
1289 Cranium of a child with milk teeth only.
1289*. Calvaria.
1289 5. Calvaria.
1290. The skull of a Kaffir : S ■
From a " head man," or chief, shot by a party of the Kille
410
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
Brigade at Mount Coke, British Kaffraria, during the war in
May 1847. Prepared on the spot by the donor.
C. 507, L. 181, B. 137, Bi. 757, H. 143, Hi. 790, BN. 110,
BA. 107, Ai. 973, Nh. 51, Nw. 26, Ni. 510, Ow. 39, Oh. 33,
Oi. 846, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy W. T. Black, Esq., Staff-S^irgeon
H.M. Army, 1866.
1291. The skull of a Kaffir : S •
Inscribed "Kaffir ; Amaxosa; tribe Ngika. Male. Cradock,
South Africa ; May 1865. G. G."
There are still traces of the basilar suture ; and the last molar
teeth have been but recently acquired.
C. 520, L. 188, B. 138, Bi. 734, H. 134, Hi. 713, BN. 99,
BA. 101, Ai. 1020, Nh. 46, Nw. 26, Ni. 565, Ow. 39, Oh. 36,
Oi. 923. Ca. 1525.
Presented hy Professor Huxley, 1866.
1292. The skull of a Kaffir : ^ .
Inscribed "Kaffir; Basuto ; tribe Moshesh. Male. Cradock,
South Africa ; May 1865. G. G."
It is metopic ; but the posterior part of the sagittal suture is
consolidated. The first right upper premolar is displaced
inwards, the canine and second premolar coming in contact.
C. 528, L. 191, B. 136, Bi. 712, H. 139, Hi. 728, BN. 104,
BA. 105, Ai. 1010, Nh. 51, Nw. 30, Ni. 588, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1610.
Presented hy Professor Huxley, 1866.
1293. The skull of a male Kaffir.
This specimen was obtained by the donor while District
Surgeon at Middleburg, South Africa, from a man who was
killed by lightning while watching sheep near that place.
C. 513, L. 186, B. 133, Bi. 715, H. 130, Hi. 699, BN. 104,
BA. 102, Ai. 981, Nh. 48, Nw. 24, Ni. 500, Ow. 38, Oh. 34,
Oi. 895, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy James E. Coicard, Esq., 1878.
1293^ The skull of a male Kaffir from Transkei Country,
S. Africa.
C. 505, L. 180, B. 136, Bi. 756, H. 137, Hi. 761, BN. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 27, Ni. 574, Ow. 38, Oh. 32,
Oi. 842, Ca. 1430.
SOUTH AFRICA,
411
1293 The cranium o£ a female Kaffir from Transkei Country.
C. 515, L. 186, B. 135, Bi. 726, H. 123, Hi. 661, BN. 89,
BA. 94, Ai. 1056, Nh. 39, Nw. 28, Ni. 718, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1410.
1293 ^. The cranium of an adult male Kaffir from Transkei
Country.
C. 525, L. 191, B. 136, Bi. 712, H. 134, Hi. 702, BX. 102,
BA. 102, Ai. 1000, Nh. 45, Nw. 30, Ni. 667, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795, Ca. 1480.
1293' & 1293^ belonged to warriors of the Gaika tribe, who
about the year 1865 dwelt on the eastern portion of Cape
Colony under their chief landilli.
The above three specimens presented by
Arthur Maude, Esq., 1887.
1293 Mandible, humeri, femora and tibise belonging to the
same race as the above.
Presented by Arthur Maude, Esq., 1897.
1293 \ The skull of a Kaffir : S ■
C. 535, L. 195, B. 135, Bi. 692, H. 139, Hi. 713, BN. 109,
BA. 113, Ai. 1037, Nh. 47, Nw. 30, Ni. 638, Ow. 42, Oh. 33,
Oi. 786, Ca. 1575.
Purchased, 1893.
1294. The skull of a Kaffir: ? .
The basilar suture has but recently united.
C. 500, L. 180, B. 128, Bi. 711, H. 132, Hi. 733, BN. 102,
BA. 105, Ai. 1029, Nh. 48, Nw. 26, Ni. 542, Ow. 39, Oh. 34,
Oi. 872, Ca. 1280.
1294 \ The cranium of a Kaffir : ^ .
C. 528, L. 189, B. 148, Bi. 783, BN. 101, BA. 102,
Ai. 1010, Nh. 46, Nw. 29, Ni. 630, Ow. 38, Oh. 29, Oi. 963,
Ca. 1615.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 106.
1294 The cranium of a Kaffir : S . Killed at Kafir Kloof, 1857.
C. 515, L. 186, B. 135, Bi. 726, H. 135, Hi. 726, BN. 106,
BA. 101, Ai. 953, Nh. 45, Nw. 35, Ni. 778, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1465.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 108.
412
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHAKA.
1294 ^ The skull o£ a Kaffir (a native policeman).
C. 497, L. 178, B. 137, Bi. 770, H. 137, Hi. 770, BN. 98,
BA. 100, Ai. 1020, Nh. 50, Nw. 30, Ni. 600, Ow. 40, Oh. 37,
Oi. 925, Ca. 1295.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 134.
1294''. The cranium of an Amatola Kaffir : J* .
C. 512, L. 186, B. 138, Bi. 742, H. 141, Hi. 758, BN. 101,
BA. 105, Ai. 1040, Nh. 46, Nw. 28, Ni. 609, Ow. 38, Oh. 33,
Oi. 868, Ca. 1560.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 25.
1294^. The cranium of a Bechuana Kaffir : cJ?
(Anthropol. llev. (Jour. Anth. Soc.) vol. v. (1867) pp. cliv-vi.)
C. 516, L. 188, B. 131,' Bi. 697, H. 133, Hi. 707, BN. 99,
BA. 101, Ai. 1020, Nh. 46, Nw. 27, Ni. 587, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1450.
Anthropol Soc, No. 105.
1294 «. The cranium of a Kaffir : ^ .
C. 523, L. 185, B. 145, Bi. 784, H. 142, Hi. 768, BN. 101,
BA. 98, Ai. 970, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 35, Oh. 31,
Oi. 886, Ca. 1655.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 107.
1294^. The cranium of a Kaffir from Tembuland, S. Africa.
C. 520, L. 188, B. 138, Bi. 734, H. 136, Hi. 723, BN. 106,
BA. 105, Ai. 991, Ow. 37, Oh. 31, Oi. 838, Ca. 1475.
Presented by H. Havelock Sturge, Esq., 1899.
1295. The mutilated cranium of a South-African of the Bagiiani
(Bechuana ?) tribe. 0. C. 5375.
The left side of the coronal suture is obliterated.
C. 530, L. 196, B. 134, Bi. 684, H. 132, Hi. 673, Ca. 1430.
Purchased from Mr. E. Pearson, 1846.
129G. The skull of a Hottentot : ^ .
Obtained and prepared by the donor when stationed at
Whittlesea, North Victoria, Cape of Good Hope. It belonged
to a rebel killed in the siege and capture of Shiloh from the
Hottentots, February 1851, by the British forces under Major
Tyldeu, E.E.
SOUTH AFRICA.
413
C. 507, L. 185, B. 130, Bi. 703, H. 138, Hi. 746, BX. 107,
BA. 112, Ai. 1047, Nh. 44, Nw. 27, Ni. 614, Ow. 43, Oh. 31,
Oi. 721, Ca. 1400.
Presented by W. T. Black, Esq., Staff-Suraeon
H.M. Army, 1866.
1297. A remarkably malformed skull of a male Hottentot.
From a man, about 45 years of age, who died of a cancerous
tumour (which has destroyed a considerable part of the base of
the cranium) at Middleburg, South Africa, under the care of the
donor, who says : — " For a Hottentot he was very intelligent,
and had learned the trade of a carpenter and earned his living
by it from his youth ; he conversed as well as any of his caste,
and had his reasoning faculties fairly developed."
The frontal region is as much depressed as in any of the
artificially deformed Peruvian skulls (compare Nos. 999 and
1000) ; but there is no evidence of counter-pressure on the
occiput. The complete consolidation of the sutures, and the
extent to which the teeth are worn, seem to indicate a greater
age than that assigned to the man during life.
C. 492, L. 178, B. 130, Bi. 730, Nh. 49, Nw. 26, Ni. 531,
Ow. 38, Oh. 34, Oi. 895, Ca. 1360.
Presented by James E. Coward. Esq., 1878.
1298. The cranium of a Hottentot : ? . 0. C. 5359.
C. 502, L. 180, B. 135, Bi. 750, H. 130, Hi. 722, BN. 97,
BA. 90, Ai. 928, Nh. 45, Nw. 26, Ni. 578, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 1380.
Purchased.
1298 The skull of a Hottentot 9 , found with other bones in a
shell-midden or heap, probably 150 years old, if not
more, near Cape St, Francis. Teeth complete.
C. 505, L. 179, B. 141, Bi. 788, H. 123, Hi. 687, BN. 91,
BA. 93, Ai. 1022, Nh. 40, Nw. 25, Ni. 625, Ow 36, Oh. 27,
Oi. 750, Ca. 1320,
Presented by John Noble, Esq., Clerk to the Legislative
Assembly, Cape of Good Hope, 1883.
1299. The cranium of a Koranna : ^ .
Sent from the Cape of Good Hope to the donor by the
Bev, G, Williams.
C. 532, L. 193, B. 140, Bi. 725, H. 134, Hi. 694, BN. 98,
BA. 104, Ai. 1061, Nh. 48, Nw. 27, Ni. 563, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1490.
Presented by Sir .John Lubbock, Bart,, 1874,
414
AFRICA SOUTH OF THK SAHARA.
1299 ^ A metopic cranium.
C. 515, L. 184, B. 129, Bi. 701, H. 133, Hi. 723, BN. 105,
BA. 105, Ai. 1000, Nh. 47, Nw. 25, Ni. 532, Ow. 37, Oh. 34,
Oi. 919, Ca. 1445.
1299 2. A cranium.
C. 510, L. 185, B. 128, Bi. 692, BN. 98, BA. 100, Ai. 1020,
Nh. 55, Nw. 28, Ni. 509, Ow. 36, Oh. 39, Oi. 1083, Ca. 1350.
1299 ^. A cranium.
C. 501, L. 182, B. 124, Bi. 681, H. 129, Hi. 709, BN. 96,
BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 43, Nw. 26, Ni. 605, Ow. 37, Oh. 32,
Oi. 865, Ca. 1275.
1299 \ A cranium (14).
C. 492, L. 178, B. 128, Bi. 719, H. 128, Hi. 719, BN. 95,
BA. 94, Ai. 989, Nh. 38, Nw. 22, Ni. 579, Ow. 38, Oh. 30,
Oi. 789, Ca. 1305.
]299 \ A cranium (13).
C. 500, L. 181, B. 131, Bi. 724, H. 128, Hi. 707, BN. 90,
BA. 91, Ai. 1011, Nh. 45, Nw. 22, Ni. 489, Ow. 34, Oh. 31,
Oi. 912, Ca. 1530.
1299 ^ A cranium (12).
C. 485, L. 175, B. 127, Bi. 726, H. 126, Hi. 720, BN. 92,
BA. 97, Ai. 1U54, Nh. 36, Nw. 22, Ni. 611, Ow. 36, Oh. 30,
Oi. 833, Ca. 1340.
The above six crania are from the Makapan's cave, and
probably belong to the Makapan Tribe, Waterbery District,
Transvaal.
Presented hj W. L. Distant, Esq., 1892.
1300. The articulated skeleton o£ an adult male Bushman.
0. C. 5357.
Most of the teeth have been lost during life ; and the calvarial
sutures are partly united.
Height 4 feet 4-5 inches = 1333.
Clavicle 1 31 ; humerus, r. 255, 1 250 ; radius, r. 208, 1. 207 ;
femur, r. 356, /. 363 ; tibia, r. 299, I. 302.
Cranium: C. 500, L. 175, B. 134, Bi. 766, H. 128, Hi. 731,
BN. 91, Nh, 46, Nw. 29, Ni. 630, Ow. 38, Oh. 29, Oi. 763,
Ca. 1260.
Presented by Henrij Dlckersteth, Esq., Surgeon to the
Somerset Hospital, Capetoicn, 1849.
SOUTH AFRICA.
415
1301. The articulated skeleton of a young female Bushman.
The larger epiphyses are not united to the shafts of the long
bones. The basilar suture has recently closed. The third
molars are not yet in place. The skull is metopic, and has a
large median Wormian bone in the hinder part of the sagittal
suture.
Height 4 feet 7'2 inches = 1400.
Clavicle 116; humerus, r. 270, 1. 263; radius, r. 210, I. 208 ;
femur, r. 380, I. 380 ; tibia, *•. 332, I. 331.
Cranium : C. 486, L. 171, B. 134, Bi. 784, H. 124, Hi. 725,
BN. 91, BA. 90, Ai. 989, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, M. 545, Ow. 37,
Oh. .32, Oi. 865, Ca. 1250.
Presented by Henry Bickersteth, Esq., 1850.
1302. The skeleton of a female of the Bushman race, about 22
years of age.
She died in London, June 16th, 1864, and was dissected at
the College. A description and drawing of her and her brother
(called " Earthmen, from Orange-Eiver Settlement ") were
given in the ' Illustrated London News ' for November 6th,
1852 ; and an account of the dissection, by W. H. Flower and
J. Murie, M.D., in ' The Journal of Anatomy ' for May 1867.
Most of the bones are mounted in the " separate series of homo-
logous bones."
The basilar suture is united ; and the third molars (except
the right upper) are in place.
Clavicle, r. 121, 1. 120; humerus, r. 257, 1. 247; radius, r. 186,
Z. 185 ; femur, r. 376, I. 378 ; tibia, r. 288, I. 288.
Cranium : C. 477, L. 170, B. 130, Bi. 765, H. 125, Hi. 735,
BN. 90, BA. 87, Ai. 697, Nh. 44, Nw. 27, Ni. 614, Ow. 38,
Oh. 31, Oi. 816, Ca. 1170.
1303. The skull of a Bushman : <S .
Eeceived from the Cape of Good Hope, with the skin and
hair (which presented all the characteristics of the race) still
upon it.
Many of the teeth have been lost during life ; and the
remainder have been worn down to the roots.
C. 522, L. 185, B. 140, Bi. 757, H. 134, Hi. 724, BN. 103,
Nh. 48, Nw. 29, Ni, 604, Ow. 40, Oh. 30, Oi. 750, Ca. 1400.
Presented hy Christopher Heath, Esq., 1867.
416
AFRICA SOUTH OF THE SAHARA.
1303 ^ The cranium of a Bushman, c? , from Kruis River, Cango
District, Oudtshoorn.
C, 509, L. 185, B. 136, Bi. 735, H. 121, Hi. 654, BN. 97,
BA. 93, Ai. 959, Nh. 45, Nw. 23, Ni. 511, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795.
Presented hy G. J. Romanes, Esq., 1885,
1303 ^. The skull of a female Bushman : adult.
C. 483, L. 170, B. 134, Bi. 788, H. 123, Hi. 724, BX. 98,
BA. 93, Ai. 949, Nh. 45, Nw. 24, Ni. 533, Ow. 36, Oh. 30.
Oi. 833, Ca. 1110.
Presented hy G. J. Romanes, Esq., 1885.
1303 ^. The cranium of a Bushman : adult male.
C. 512, L. 181, B. 137, Bi. 757, H. 127, Hi. 702, BN. 93,
BA. 100, Ai. 1075, Nh. 48, Nw. 2.5, Ni. .521, Ow. 39, Oh. 31,
Oi. 795.
1303*. The cranium of a female Bushman : adult.
C. 494, L. 177, B. 131, Bi. 740, H. 120, Hi. 678, BN. 94,
BA. 96, Ai. 1021, Nh. 44, Nw. 24, Ni. .545, Ow. 35, Oh. 33,
Oi. 943, Ca. 1235.
Presented by Miss Waterston, 1888.
1303 ■'. The skull of a Bushman, Namaqualand, S. Africa.
C. 487, L. 171, B. 137, Bi. 801, H. 125, Hi. 731, BN. 90,
BA. 91, Ai. 1011, Nh. 37, Nw. 25, Ni. 676, Ow. 36, Oh. 34,
Oi. 944, Ca. 1280.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 109.
1303 ^. The cranium of a Hottentot, from Otjimbinque, Nama-
qualand : S •
C. .525, L. 189, B. 135, Bi. 714, H. 132, Hi. 698, BN. 102,
BA. 99, Ai. 971, Nh. 44, Nw. 27, Ni. 614, Ow. 37, Oh. 39,
Oi. 1054, Ca. 1430.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 54.
1303 '. The cranium of a Bushman from the Cape : S •
C. 528, L. 189, B. 139, Bi. 735, H. 126, Hi. 667, BN. 94,
BA. 88, Ai. 936, Nh. 35, Nw. 25, Ni. 714, Ow. 39, Oh. 32,
Oi. 821, Ca. 150.5.
Anthropol. Soc, No. 71.
MADAGASCAR.
417
1304. The skull of a young female Bushman, 0. C. 5358.
There is complete synostosis of the sagittal suture, though
the basilar suture is not united, and the third molars are not
in place.
C. 503, L. 180, B. 137, Bi. 761, H. 125, Hi. 594, BN. 92,
BA. 90, Ai. 978, Nh. 43, Nw. 25, Ni. 581, Ow. 34, Oh. 30,
Oi. 882, Ca. 1360.
Presented hy Henry Bickersteth, Esq.
1305. A calvaria, probably that of a Bushman : ? .
Sent from the Cape of Good Hope, with flint implements, to
Sir John Lubbock, 1870.
C. 480, L. 171, B. 132, Bi. 772, H. 119, Hi. 696, Ca. 1075.
Presented by George Busk, Esq., 1878.
Madagascar.
1306. A cranium from Majambo Bay, N. W. coast of Madagascar.
0. C. 5368.
C. 524, L. 186, B. 141, Bi. 758, H. 127, Hi. 683, BK 95,
BA. 102, Ai. 1074, Nh. 49, Nw. 27, Ni. 551, Ow. 40, Oh. 33,
Oi. 825, Ca. 1460.
Presented hy Admiral Sir Edward Belcher, K.C.B., 1843.
1306 ^ The cranium of a Hova from Madagascar : ? .
C. 505, L. 180, B. 133, Bi. 739, H. 129, Hi. 717, BN. 99,
BA. 95, Ai. 960, Nh. 50, Nw. 28, Ni. 560, Ow. 40, Oh. 35,
Oi. 875, Ca. 1450.
Antliropol. Soc, No. 94.
1306 ^. A cranium from Madagascar.
C. 495, L. 169, B. 139, Bi. 822, H. 129, Hi. 763, BN. 96,
. BA. 95, Ai. 990, Nh. 49, Nw. 25, Xi. 510, Ow. 38, Oh. 35,
Oi. 921, Ca. 1460.
Presented by J. H. Fenn, Esq., 1895.
418
ON THE CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS
ON THE CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS AS
CHARACTERISTIC OF RACE.
The various groups of Mankind — owing to their probable
unity of origin, the great variability of individuals, and the
possibility of all degrees of intermixture of races at remote
or recent periods of the history of the species — have so much
in common that it is extremely difficult to find distinctive
characters, capable of strict definition, by which they may be
differentiated.
It is more by the preponderance of certain characters in a
large number of members of a group, than by the exclusive
or even constant possession of these characters in each of its
members, that the grouji as a whole must be characterized.
Hence, in all cases in which distinctions can be expressed by
the numerical method, the great value of averages. Provided
that the data upon which these averages are based shall have been
obtained from a sufficient number of individuals, they can be
absolutely relied upon to express the prevailing or most cha-
racteristic development of each particular feature in any group,
and permit satisfactory comparisons between the condition of
that feature in different groups.
For this purpose the more important measurements given in
this Catalogue have been collected, reduced to averages in each
group, and tabulated (see pp. 422, 423). Although these Tables
are very imperfect, owing to many of the groups being
unfortunately at present but poorly represented, it is thought
that the conclusions derived from a collection of such magnitude
must be of some interest as a contribution to our knowledge of
the physical characters of man, especially when compared with
and corrected by similar tables based on other collections.
In the averages of the different groups, only adult skulls
(those in which the basilar suture has been consolidated) have
been taken, and all measurements which may have been affected
either by artificial or pathological deformation have been re-
jected. Both sexes are included in the indices, as the numbers
AS CHARACTERISTIC OF RAGE.
411)
are genenilly not sufficient to allow of separation, and the sexual
difBerences (except perhaps in the case of the orVntal index) are
usually very inconsiderable. For the cranial capacities, however,
the skulls of males only have been used. By doing so the number
available for the averages has certainly been diminished ; but this
is a less disadvantage than the vitiation of the com2:)arison which
would be occasioned by a mixture of the two sexes in unequal
proportions in different groups.
The number of individual measurements upon which each
average is based is placed below it in smnller figures within
brackets, as thereby some estimate may be formed of the relative
value of the conclusion. When the number is high the average
is more to be relied on than when it is low.
The characters derived from measurements are conveniently
expressed in a nomenclature due in great part to Broca, and
founded on the principle that a certain general or medium con-
formation can be assumed in each case. Those indices which come
near to this constitute one group; those removed in either direc-
tion form other groups; so that in each case a threefold division
results. For some purposes it may be convenient to multiply
the divisions still further, as is done by Broca in the case of the
important latitudinal or cephalic index ; but for ordinary use the
division into three is most convenient.
The indices of breadth (latitudinal or cephalic indices) are* : —
Dolichocephalic below 750
Mesaticephalic 750 to 800
Brachy cephalic above 800
The index of height is not usually divided mto special groups,
as its chief interest lies in its relation to the breadth index,
* Broca's division is : —
1. True dolichoceplialic below 750
2. Sub-doliclioceplialic 7oO to 778
3. Mesaticephalic 778 to 800
4. Sub-brachyceplialic 800 to 833
5. True brachy cepb alio above 833
" Sur la Classification et la Nomenclature Craniolog iques
d'apres les Indices Cephaliqnes " (Revue d'Authro-
polopfie, tome i, p. 385 : 1872).
2e 2
42(5
ON THE CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS
especially as to whether it is greater or less. In the former
case it may be called hypsicephalic, in the latter tapeinocephalic,
though these terms are generally reserved for extreme variations
in these directions.
Alveolar indices :
Orthi>(/nathoiis .... below 980
Mesognathous .... S)80 to 1020
Prognatlioxis above 1030
Nasal indices :
Leptorlilne below 480
MesorUne 480 to 530
Platyrldne above 530
"^Orbital indices :
Microseme below 840
Mesoseme 840 to 890
Megaseme above 890
It will be observed that in each case a range of ^ is allowed
for the central series, the middle of which is assumed to be the
general average for the whole species. Beyond this limit the
two extremes may be considered to commence.
In the same way the cerebral capacities may be classed as
cub. centims.
Microcephalic .... below 1350
Mesocephalic .... 1350 to 1450
Megacephalic .... above 1450
1400 cubic centimetres being the assumed general average of
the whole species.
These artificial divisions, although convenient to assist the
memory, and to give some general idea of the position of any
index in relation to others, do not suffice for accurate com-
parisons. It is often necessary, for instance, to know of an
index in the middle series whether it tends to eitlier oxtroiiio, or
of one in an outside series whether the deviation from the medium
form is moderate or excessive. For such purposes the numbers
must be used, as they express more truly the exact position held
by the index in the whole series.
AfS CHARACTERISTIC OF RACE. 421
Moreover, though the averages are valuable as general indi-
cations of the prevailing characteristics of the groups, they alono
are not sufficient for the complete knowledge of these charac-
teristics, as without a further analysis of the individual indices
it is not possible to say whether there is much variation
among the different members of the group thus classed to-
gether or whether a considerable number come close to the
general average. In the former case it will be suspected that
the group is a compound one, derived from the crossing of
others, which, in this character at least, differed from one
another ; or at all events that this particular character is one
of comparatively little importance. In the latter case the
group may be assumed to be more pure, and the character in
question will become of value as one of its distinctive features ;
and the larger the number of characters presenting a sma'l
tendency to variation, the more pure the race may be considered,
and the more capable of ready diagnosis by its physical structure.
It is obvious that such a method of analysis can only be
applied with success to a large series of individuals — larger than
most of those to be found in the present Ciatalogue ; but some
examples will suffice to show the kind of results to be obtained
from it.
In the fir^t group (the inhabitants of Europe generally) it will
be seen, by a reference to the pages of the Catalogue, that
the indices of breadth, though giving an average of 787, and
thus placing it in the series of mesaticephalic races, vary greatly
in different individuals ; and of the whole number 43"7 per
cent, are brachyce[)halic, 39*4 mesaticephalic, and 16*9 dolicho-
cephalic. There are therefore actually more crania belonging
to the first category than to that to which the general average
belongs ; and probably but for the large proportion of short-
headed Southern Europeans which the collection happens to
contain, the numbers would be more equally distributed through
the three series. Hence no special form of cranium, as shown
by the latitudinal index, can be held as characteristic of this
group. In drawing distinctions, however, among its various
subdivisions, this index may become of importance ; but the
materials available in the collection are not sufficient to pursue
this branch of the subject further with advantage. In the
tJ
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424
ON THE CRANIAL MEASUREMENTS
English liowever, judging from the small series at present
available, bracliycephaly is rare ; while among the Lapps, on
the other hand, it prevails almost exclusively.
I£ we turn to the facial, especially the alveolar and nasal,
indices of the Europeans, we shall find that they are I'ar less
variable than those of the cranium. Of the specimens that
permitted measurement for these indices, 73'4 per cent, are
orthognathous, 20*1 mesognathous, and only 6*5 prognathous,
and 59"5 are leptorhine, 33'2 mesorliine, and only 7*8 platyrhine.
It is therefore clear that the latter classes are quite exceptional,
and that orthognathy and (though not quite to the same degree)
loptorhiny are strong characteristics of the races inhabiting the
European continent.
To take our next example from a very different group, the
Australian (of which race the collection contains a fairly repre-
sentative series) it will be seen that the average breadth-index
is 710, placing it low down in the dolichocephalic series ; and
the analysis of the individuals perfectly accords with this posi-
tion, as 96*5 per cent, are dolichocephalic, only 3"5 mesati-
cephalic, and not one brachycephalic. Hence the form of
cranium, as shown by the latitudinal index, is a very important
characteristic of the Australian race. Not less uniform and
opposed to those of the European races are the alveolar and
nasal indices, 62'7 per cent, being prognathous, 29"5 meso-
gnathous, and only 7'8 orthognathous ; 78 per cent, being platy-
rhine, 20 mesorhine, and 2 leptorhine. The low orbital indices
and small cranial capacities are also very distinctive of this race.
The series of thirteen mountaineers of the Fiji Islands, judged
by this test, should belong to a remarkably pure race, as all are
strongly dolichoce})halic (in not one is the index as high as 700),
all have the alveolar index exceeding 1000, all have the nasal
index exceeding .500, and, with only one exception, so high as to
be placed in the platyrhine division ; and they also show a great
uniformity in the orbital indices, that of the males scnrcely
passing the boundaries on eitl.er side of the mesoseme division,
while the females are all megaseme. The number of the latter
sex, however, is too small for generalization.
AS CHARACTERISTIC OF RACE.
425
Witliout entering into further details, which can be obtained
by any one from an examination of the measurements given in
the C'atalogue, the general result may be stated to be that the
prevailing characteristics of all the races placed first on the list
(including those of Em-ope, North Africa, and South-west Asia)
arc a variable or moderate latitudinal index, a low alveolar index,
a low nasal index, a moderate orbital index, and a high cerebral
capacity. In other words, they are mesaticephalic, _ ortho-
gnathous, leptorhine, megaseme, and megacephalic.
The next group, or Mongoloid races, also vary much as to
latitudinal index, including the extremely brachycephalic
Siberian Mongols and Peruvians and the extremely dolicho-
cephalic Eskimo. They are rarely either truly orthognathous
or prognathous, though with a great tendency to the latter,
especially in the American branches. The nasal index is usually
low ; and the Eskimo are the most leptorhine of all known races.
The orbital index is usually high, and the cranial capacity
very variable.
In the Australian and the dark races with frizzly hair, doli-
chocephaly prevails almost universally, reaching its extreme in
certain Melanesians. These races are equally characterized by
prognathism, by the high nasal index (all the true platyrhine
races belonging to this group), and by moderate or small cranial
capacities. The Negritos of the Indo-Malayan archipelago
(represented in the collection by the Andamanese) and, to a less
extent, the Bushmen of South Africa present certain exceptional
characters of great interest.
It may fairly be inferred from these examples of the results of
what is only an elementary and imperfect system of mensuration
applied to crania, that when pursued in greater detail, with more
ample materials and with more extended experience of what is
important and what only of secondary value, this method of in-
vestigation, so far from being profitless, as some anthropologists
have assumed, will prove of the greatest value in determining
the nature and amount of the resemblances and ditferences
in the physical characters of the various groups into which
the human species is divided, and thereby in throwing light upon
their relations to one another, their history, and their origin.
TABLES FOR
Table 1. —
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
110
707
h, ^
702
757
752
747
742
737
732
728
723
719
7H
710
700
lib
773
708
<-i /; -1
703
758
753
748
744
739
734
730
725
720
710
712
117
775
770
w -
765
700
755
750
745
741
736
731
727
722
718
llo
>^ 0 «
787
781
776
771
700
761
750
752
747
742
738
733
728
724
119
7 0'?
788
78^
778
llo
768
1 "0
7£;8
1 Kl
I 00
748
/ 4"
7 1J.
/ 44
7 '?Q
1 oy
7 ^ ?
1 OJ
/ 0^
120
000
795
789
784
779
774
^
769
764
759
755
750
745
741
730
1 O 1
l<il
007
OOI
796
791
780
781
776
771
^ f r
Ibb
Jul
756
752
747
742
•i net
12 a
813
Q « 0
OOD
803
797
792
787
782
777
772
767
763
758
753
748
12i
0 ™ «
020
815
809
804
799
794
_ 0 0
788
783
778
774
769
764
759
755
124
827
821
816
810
80?
800
/ yo
*? no
78=;
780
7 7 c
llo
770
11^
76 ?
761
125
833
0 _ 0
526
0
822
817
812
800
801
796
791
t_ 0 z'
780
781
776
772
767
126
834
0
829
0
024
818
813
808
803
797
792
788
783
778
773
127
847
0 . ^
841
836
0
830
825
819
814
809
804
799
794
789
784
779
128
853
84a
842
837
0 _
831
820
82 1
815
810
805
800
795
790
785
129
860
"On-
8/1 1
°43
8?8
8^'
822
816
811
806
801
706
701
ly^
-f OA
130
0 i^T i_
867
bOI
855
850
844
839
833
828
823
818
813
0 « fc.
807
002
798
131
873
Q r Q
802
856
851
845
840
834
829
824
819
814
OO9
0O4
132
0 t>
000
874
0 /" 0
863
857
852
846
841
835
0 - ^
830
825
820
^^5
oIO
133
0 0 w
887
bo [
0 fc. -
875
869
864
Q r-Q.
853
847
842
836
831
820
52 I
Ol 0
1 34,
8n-j
887
882
876
870
86=;
"by
848
"4o
8-jS
8^2
827
822
135
900
894
688
0 0
882
877
871
865
860
854
849
0 . .
844
0
839
033
028
133
907
901
895
0 0
889
883
877
872
860
861
855
850
845
040
834
137
913
907
901
895
890
004
878
873
«
807
802
856
851
040
840
loo
920
914
908
902
890
Q 0 ^
885
0 Mr ^
879
Q -7
873
Q Q
800
863
857
852
847
139
c\'> 1
y J /
92 1
908
on 7
^ J i
891
88;
880
869
86?
J ^
8;^
140
933
927
92 I
915
909
903
0 ^ fc,
897
892
080
00 I
875
870
004
059
"1 if -I
141
940
934
928
922
916
910
904
Q ^ Q
898
Q /-1 1
892
Q Q T
007
00 I
870
070
RA r
805
142
947
940
934
928
922
916
910
904
899
093
C Q Q
888
Q Q ^
882
»77
R-T I
871
14j
953
947
941
935
929
923
917
911
905
899
894
Q Q Q
000
3
Q T T
877
144
954
n ■! 7
017
y^l
Oil
906
900
8od
880
88?
■1 >l E
145
967
960
954
0
948
942
935
929
924
918
912
900
901
Ra
"^95
090
HA/*
146
973
967
n6i
\^
954
948
942
936
930
924
918
913
907
901
090
147
980
974
967
961
955
948
942
936
930
925
919
913
907
902
148
987
980
974
967
96 1
955
949
943
937
931
925
919
914
908
14Q
993
907
9S0
974
968
961
90D
y4y
y4j
0 ? 7
yo /
0 '> C
y-0
920
Old
y * 4
15C
lOOO
993
987
980
974
« /' 0
968
962
955
949
943
938
932
926
920
151
1007
lOCO
993
987
98 1
974
968
962
956
950
944
938
932
926
152
1013
1007
1000
993
987
98 I
974
« /' 0
968
962
950
950
944
938
933
153
1020
IOI3
1007
1000
994
^ Q
987
98 1
975
^ 0
908
902
950
950
944
939
1027
1 0 n 0
10 13
1007
1 000
OO/l
087
981
07 e;
y / 0
yuy
061
0 c 7
Vol
155
1033
1026
1020
1013
1006
1000
994
987
^ Q »
981
975
969
963
957
951
ICO
155
1040
'033
1026
1020
IOI3
1006
1000
994
987
901
975
969
963
957
157
1047
1040
1033
1026
IOI9
1013
1006
1000
994
987
90 1
975
969
963
158
1053
1046
1039
1033
1026
1019
IOI3
1000
1000
994
Q Q
98b
981
975
969
159
1060
1053
1046
1039
1032
1026
IOI9
1013
1006
1 000
994
#-i Q Q
988
nR I
901
975
160
1067
io6o
1053
1046
1039
1032
1 026
1019
IOI3
1000
1000
994
908
902
161
1073
1066
1059
1052
1045
1039
1032
1025
1019
1013
1006
1 000
994
988
1 62
X U A
1 uoo
1073
1066
i°59
10^2
' '-'40
1038
T n? C
1 5
I 0 I 9
10 1
1 006
1000
004.
163
1087
1079
1072
1065
1058
1052
1045
1038
1032
1025
IOI9
lOI 2
1006
1000
164
1093
1086
1079
1072
1065
1058
I05I
1045
1038
1031
1025
1019
lOI 2
1006
165
1 1 00
1093
10S6
1078
107 1
1065
1058
1051
1044
1038
1031
1025
1019
1012 ,
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163 1
CALCULATING INDICES.
Breadth and Heiglit Index.
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
115
70 T
607
"yo
689
68=;
680
676
671
^10
669
66=;
661
6 1;7
6 c; 1
"00
6';o
0
115
116
707
70 •?
/ ^0
6qq
\_/y y
6q c;
^y J
6qo
686
682
678
674
/ 4
671
667
661
6i;o
6cc
116
117
111
700
7o^
701
696
692
688
684
680
676
672
669
66;
661
117
118
720
711
707
I t
702
698
604
^y^
690
686
682
678
674
670
667
118
119
726
721
717
713
708
704
700
696
692
688
684
680
676
672
119
120
1 T.2
727
7 2'?
710
1 ^ J
714.
710
706
702
698
604
690
686
682
678
120
121
/
111
1 00
720
1 ^y
720
716
712
708
701
/ ^0
600
"y y
6q c
"y J
69 1
688
684
121
122
1 Ad.
7 ^0
/ oy
7 ■? t;
7^1
726
722
718
711
700
/ ^y
70=;
1^0
7oi
607
wy /
601
^yo
689
122
123
7 CO
/ 5'-'
7/1 C
7AI
717
1 0 1
7 "^2
10^
728
710
1 '■y
7 1 1;
7 11
707
701
/ "0
600
uyy
6q c
"y 0
123
124
756
752
747
743
738
734
729
725
721
717
713
709
70s
701
124
125
762
/ DO
74.0
/ T-y
744
740
711
727
721
718
714
/ 4
710
706
125
126
768
764
7 =;o
/ jy
7 ';o
746
741
717
lot
711
/ 00
7-'8
72/1
/ ■^4
720
716
/ X w
712
126
127
77/L
770
76 c;
760
7 ';6
7^1
747
1 H t
1 AX
1 40
718
714
/ o4
710
/ 0^
726
722
718
/ X u
127
128
780
776
7 71
766
762
tot
too
740
/ T-y
744
/ 44
740
/ 4^
7 16
/ 0'-'
711
/ 0 ^
727
7 1
1 -o
128
129
787
782
777
772
768
763
759
754
750
746
741
737
733
729
129
130
1 Jo
788
78^
778
774.
760
/ ^y
76=;
760
7 1;6
7 1; I
747
741
/ 40
710
/ oy
7 1 A
/ o4
130
131
7QQ
780
784.
780
77 =;
771
it
766
762
tot
7 d 1
7 AO
/ 4y
744
/ 44
1 AO
1 4^
131
132
80;
800
70 c;
/ y J
786
781
776
1 1 ^
772
767
761
7 CO
7 CA
/ 04
7 CO
/ 0^
7a6
132
133
81 I
806
80 1
7q6
702
1 y^
787
782
778
771
1 1 0
760
/ uy
764
760
7 c6
/ 0"
7 C I
/ 0 ^
133
134
817
812
807
802
798
793
788
784
779
775
770
766
761
757
134
135
823
818
81^
808
804
700
/ yy
704
780
/ ^y
78c;
780
776
It'-'
7 7 1
767
761
135
136
829
824
819
814
810
80 c;
800
70 =;
lyj
7Q T
/ y ^
786
782
III
7 7 1
110
768
136
137
8^0
o^u
821;
820
81 =;
811
806
801
7n7
/y /
7 n 9
787
781
l°0
IIR
11°
7 7 /t
774
137
138
841
836
8^1
826
821
817
812
807
802
7q8
/ y"
701
/ yo
780
/ "y
784
/ "4
780
138
139
848
842
837
832
827
822
818
813
808
803
799
794
790
785
139
140
848
8a^
^^0
8^8
8^1
828
824
819
814
809
805
800
70 C
/yo
70T
/ y ^
140
141
860
8;c
840
844
8-?o
^oy
8'!4
820
825
820
810
806
801
707
lyi
141
142
866
861
850
840
0 J
810
826
821
816
811
807
802
142
143
872
867
861
856
8=;i
846
841
8^6
811
827
822
8l7
81 1
"^0
808
143
144
878
873
867
862
857
852
847
842
837
832
828
823
818
814
144
145
884
870
87^
868
86^
858
8q^
^ JO
848
841
"4o
838
811
"00
8-'o
o„y
824
819
145
146
890
885
880
874
869
864
8S9
8t;4
840
^4y
844
810
"oy
814
'-'04
810
82c
146
147
896
891
886
880
87=;
870
86t;
860
"DO
841;
"4 5
840
81c
"00
811
"0 ^
147
148
Q02
807
^y 1
8q2
886
881
876
871
86<
860
81; i;
8 CI
846
841
836
148
149
909
903
898
892
887
882
876
871
866
861
856
851
847
842
149
150
y J
QOQ
004.
898
80^
^y 0
888
882
877
872
867
862
8C7
"0 /
852
847
"4 /
150
151
Q2 I
0 1 0
y
004.
800
^y y
801
^ Jo
888
883
878
871
"to
86^
863
858
8';i
"00
151
152
027
921
916
910
Qo=;
y^ J
80Q
uyy
894
889
884
870
<j / y
874
" / 4
869
864
8t;o
"oy
152
153
Jo J
02 7
y^i
922
916
oil
y ± i
ooc;
y^ J
QOQ
y ^
8qt;
"y 0
890
884
870
u / y
874
"/4
869
864
153
154
939
933
928
922
917
911
906
901
895
890
885
880
875
870
154
155
0 "lO
Joy
0^4
y OH
928
02
y 0
017
y ^ 1
912
906
90 1
896
891
886
881
876
155
156
yj'-
OA i;
y T-^
0 ?4.
y OT-
020
y^y
y'^O
918
0 1
y ^ "
yu /
902
807
y /
891
886
881
156
157
yjl
0 c 2
y J
04.6
y T-^
04.0
y^w
0"? C
yoD
020
y ^ y
024
918
0 T 1
y'-o
908
oc
y vj„
807
oy /
892
887
157
158
q6 1
y^o
y D"
0 =12
Jo
Q46
y T-^
040
0 t;
y J J
020
y^y
024
010
yj.y
0 T 1
y ^0
908
QO 1
y^o
898
801
158
159
07o
y J ^
06/L
0 '^2
046
OA T
yoo
010
yo^
y ^^4
0 T n
OTA
y X if
oon
yuy
001 ■
898
159
160
076
0 70
y 1^
064.
o;8
0 1;2
y
047
J'\ 1
041
y4 *
Q16
yo"
0 in
yo"
y 0
0 ''0
y-^
0 T /I
y 1 4
000
yuy
00.1
yu4
160
161
982
976
970
964
958
953
947
942
936
911
925
920
915
9IC
161
163
988
982
976
970
964
959
953
947
942
936
931
926
920
915
162
163
994
988
982
976
970
964
959
953
948
942
937
931
926
921
163
164
1000
994
988
982
976
970
965
959
953
948
943
937
932
927
164
165
1006
1000
994
988
982
976
971
965
959
954
948
943
938
932 .
165
164
165
166,
167
168
169
IfO
171
172'
173
174
175
176
177 -
TABLES FOR
Table T.
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
;i87
188
189
190
191
115
646
642
639
635
632
628
625
622
618
j6i5
612
608
605
602
115
lib
652
048
A A
644
641
637
634
630
627
624
\ 620
617
614
611
607
116
117
657
654
650
046
643
639
636
637
629
626
622
619
616
613
117
1 1 Q
lib
663
659
656
652
648
645
641
638
634
631
628
624
621
618
118
1 1 O
iiy
bog
665
001
657
654
650
647
643
640
636
633
630
626
623
119
120
674
670
667
663
659
656
652
649
645
642
638
635
632
628
120
1 oi
l<il
000
670
c ^ ^
672
669
665
661
658
654
651
647
644
640
f'37
634
121
1 oo
685
082
07b
674
670
667
663
659
656
652
649
646
642
639
122
1 OO
l40
69 1
f Q ^
087
683
680
^ ^ r
672
668
665
661
658
654
651
647
644
123
1 OA
1.44
697
093
/C 0 ^
089
685
681
678
674
670
667
663
660
/■ zT
656
653
649
124
125
702
698
694
691
687
683
679
676
672
668
665
661
658
654
125
1 o c
Lao
706
704
700
090
692
689
685
681
677
674
670
r f ^
667
z' /"
663
660
126
1 0*7
713
709
700
702
698
694.
090
686
683
r. ^ ^
679
fi
676
c ^ ^
672
06b
zT Z' _i
665
127
719
715
7"
707
703
699
090
692
A Q Q
Ooo
O04
OOl
677
674
070
100
12o
1 90
725
721
717
713
709
705
701
697
694
690
Oou
683
679
675
130
730
726
722
718
714
710
707
703
699
695
691
688
684
681
130
1 01
lol
736
732
72b
724
720
716
712
708
704
701
697
693
089
680
131
1 QO
742
737
733
729
725
721
717
714
710
700
702
090
695
09 1
1 OO
loo
747
743
739
735
731
727
723
719
715
711
707
704
700
c ^ f
696
loo
1 O/l
lo4
753
749
744
740
736
732
728
724
720
717
713
709
705
702
1 0 I
134
135
758
754
750
746
742
738
734
730
726
722
718
7.14
711
707
135
1 oc
loo
764
A^
700
756
751
747
743
739
735
731-
727
723
720
710
712
lab
1 O"?
lo7
770
705
701
757
753
749
745
741
737
733
729
725
721
717
137
1 OO
loo
775
771
— ^
767
762'
758
754
750
746
742
738
734
730
720
723
I08
1 on
781
777
772
768
764.
700
755-
751
747
743-
739
735
732
728
lo9
140
787
782
778
773
769-
765
761
757
753
749
745'
741
737
733
140
141,
792
788
783
779
775
770.
766
762.
758
754'
750
746
742
738
141
1 y1 O
14!4
798'
793
789
785
78(3
776
772
768
703
759-
75-5
751
747
743
142
1 y1 O
14o
803
799
794
79Q
781
777
773
769
705-
76ri 75?
753
749
14o
•1 A A
144
80^
804
800
796
791
787
783
778.
774
770
7^.
762
758
754
•% A A
144
145
81S
810
806
801
797
792-
78a
784
780
775-
771
76?
763
759
145
•1 A a
14b
82b
816
81 1
802,
802
798
793'
789
785-
781-
777:
772
*^ A Q
700
764
14a
147
826
821
817
812
808
803-
799.
795
79P,
786'
783!.
77-8
774
770
■i Art
147
•i AO
14o
831
827
822
81 &
813
809.
804.
80Q.
796.
79U
787
783
779
775
A Q
148
•1 A n
149
837
832
828
823
819
814
8io_
80$
801
797
788
784
780
149
150
843
838
833
829
824
820
815
811
8o6-
802
79B.
794
789
785
150
1 CI
151
848
844
839
834-
830
825
82 L
816
81 %
807
Soy.
799
795
791
161.
1 KO
loa
854
849
844
840
835-
83*
826;
82?;
817
8l3'
80a
804:
ooo
k. n z;
796
153^
1 KO
loo
860
855
850
845
841
836
832.
827
823
818.
814
Sio-
805
bOI
1 to
15o
154
865
860
856
851
846
84?
83 >
832
0 « 0
628
824
819
815
bl I
boo
1 tiA ,
154'
155
871
866
861
856
852
847
842.
838
833
829
824
820
816
812
155
156
876
872
867
862
857
852
848
843
0
839-
834^
830
825
o2 I
817
lob
157
882
877
872
867
863
8s8
853r
849
844
840
835
83 i
020
Q « «
022
1 erf
157
158
888
883
87S
873
868
863
859
854
849.
845
840.
836
832
027
1 KO
15o
159
893
888
883
878
874 j -869
864
859
855
850
846
841
837
832
159
160
899
894
889
884
879
874
870
86s
860
856
851
847
842
838
160
161
904
899
894
890
885
880
875
870
or/'
boo
86 1
856-
852
847
843
1 CI
Ibl
162
910
905
900
895
890
885
880
876
871
866
862
857
853
848
162
163
916
QI I
906
00 1
896
891
886
88 1
876
872
867
862
858
853
163
164
92 1
916
911
906
901
896
891
886
882
877
872
868
863
859
164
165
927
922
917
912
907
902
897
892
887
882
878
873
868
864
165
178
179
180
181
82
183
184
185
186
187.
188
189
190
191
CALCULATING INDICES.
{continued).
192
193
194
195
196
1
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
115
599
596
593
590
587
584
581
578
575
572
569
567
564
561
115
116
604
601
598
595
592
589
586
583
580
577
574
571
569
566
116
117
609
606
603
600
597
594
591
588
585
582
579
576
574
571
117
118
615
611
608
605
602
599
596
593
590
587
584
581
578
576
118
119
620
617
613
610
607
604
601
598
595
592
589
586
5S3
580
119
120
625
622
619
615
612
609
606
603
600
597
594
591
588
585
120
121
630
627
624
621
617
614
611
608
605
602
599
596
593
590
121
122
635
632
629
626
622
619
616
613
610
607
604
601
598
595
122
123
641
637
634
631
628
624
621
618
615
612
609
606
603
600
123
124
646
642
639
636
633
629
626
623
620
617
614
611
608
605
124
125
651
648
644
641
638
635
631
628
625
622
619
616
613
610
125
126
656
653
649
646
643
640
636
633
630
627
624
62 1
618
615
126
127
661
658
655
651
648
645
641
638
635
632
629
626
623
620
127
128
667
663
660
656
653
650
646
643
640
637
634
631
627
624
128
129
672
668
665
662
658
655
652
648
645
642
639
635
632
629
129
130
677
674
670
667
663
660
657
653
i
65*
647
644
640
637
634
130
131
682
679
675
672
668
665
662
658
655
652
649
645
642
639
131
132
688
684
680
677
673
670
667
663
660
657
653
650
647
644
132
133
693
689
686
682
679
675
672
668
665
662
958
655
652
649
133
134
698
694
691
687
684
680
677
673
670
667
663
660
657
654
134
135
703
699
696
692
689
685
682
678
675
672
668
665
662
659
135
136
708
705
701
697
694
690
687
683
680
677
673
670
667
663
136
137
714
710
706
703
699
695
692
688
685
682
678
675
672
668
137
138
719
715
711
708
704
701
697
693
690
687
683
680
676
673
138
139
724
729
716
713
709
706
702
698
695
692
688
685
681
678
139
140
729
725
722
718
714
711
707
704
700
697
693
690
686
683
140
141
734
731
727
723
719
716
712
709
705
701
698
695
691
688
141
142
740
736
732
728
724
721
717
714
710
706
703
700
696
693
142
143
745
741
737
733
730
726
722
719
715
711
708
704
701
698
143
144
750
745
742
738
735
731
727
724
720
716
713
709
706
702
144
145
755
751
747
744
740
736
732
729
725
721
718
714
711
707
145
146
760
756
753
749
745
741
737
734
730
726
723
719
716
712
146
147
766
762
758
754
75«'
746
742
739
735
731
728
724
721
717
147
148
771
767
763
759
755'
751
747
744
740
736
733
729
725
722
148
149
776
772
768
764
760
756'
753
74.9.
745
741
738
734
730
727
149
150
781
777.
773
769
765
761
758
754
750
746
743
739
735
732
150
151
786
782
778
774
77.(6
766
76^
759
755
751
748
744
740
737
151
152
792
788
784
779
776
in
76a
764
760
756
75?
749
745
741
152
153
797
795
789.
785-
78^:^
777
773.
769..
765
761
757
754
750
746
153
154
802
798
794
790
78^
782
778
774
770
766
762
759
755
75^
154
165
807
803
799
795
79I'
787
783
779
775
771
767-
764
760
756
165
156
813
808
804
800
796-
792.
78&
784
780
776
772
768
765
761
166
157
81,8
815
809
805
8oi
797
79J'.
789
7^5
781
777
77'3
770
766
167
158
823
819
814
810
806
803
79-S
794
79.0
786
782
778
775
771
168
169
828
834
820
815
81 r
807
803
799
795
79.1.
787
783
779
776
159'
160
833
829.
825
821
816
812
808
804
800
796
792
788
784
780
160
161
839
834
830
826
821
817-
813
809
805
8oi
797
793
789
785
161
162
844
839
835
831
827
822.
818
814.
810
806
802
798
794
790
162
1 fi^
049
8 i c
"-•45
030
032
023.
0 1 y
015
Oil
003
799
795
1 CO
IDO
164
854
850
845
841
837
832
82.8
824
820
816
812
808
804
800
164
165
859
855
851
846
842
838
833
829
825
821
817
813
809
805
165
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
TABLES FOR
Table IT. — For calculating Na,«al
33
1 34
35
33
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
18
545
529
5H
5C0
486
474
462
450
439
429
419
409
4C0
391
19
576
559
543
528
514
500
487
475
463
452
442
432
422
4'3
20
606
588
571
556
54'
526
513
500
488
476
465
455
444
435
21
656
618
60c
583
568
553
538
525
coo
488
477
467
t!> /
22
667
647
629
611
595
579
564
55°
537
524
512
500
489
478
23
697
676
657
639
622
605
590
575
561
548
535
523
5'i
500
24
727
706
686
667
649
632
615
600
585
571
558
545
533
522
25
758
735
714
694
676
658
641
615
610
595
5S1
568
556
543
26
788
765
743
722
703
684
667
650
634
619
605
J J
178
<;6c
27
818
794
771
750
730
710
692
675
659
643
628
614
600
5S7
28
848
824
800
778
757
737
718
700
6S3
667
651
636
622
609
29
879
853
829
806
784
763
744
725
707
690
674
659
644
630
30
909
882
857
833
811
789
769
75°
732
714
698
682
667
652
31
912
886
861
838
816
795
775
756
7)8
721
705
689
674
32
970
941
914
889
865
8-)2
821
800
780
762
744
727
711
696
33
1 000
971
943
917
892
868
846
825
80s
786
767
75°
733
7'7
34
1030
lOCO
971
944
919
895
872
850
829
810
791
773
756
739
35
1061
1029
ICOO
972
946
921
897
875
854
833
814
795
7-8
761
36
1091
1059
1029
ICOO
973
947
923
900
878
857
837
818
8co
783
37
1 121
1088
1057
1028
loco
974
949
9^5
902
88i
860
841
822
804
38
1152
I1I8
1086
1056
1027
1000
974
950
927
905
884
864
844
826
39
I182
1 147
III4
1083
1054
1026
ICOO
975
951
929
907
886
867
848
40
I2I2
1 176
1 143
1 1 1 1
I08I
1053
1026
1000
976
952
930
909
889
8-0
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Table III. — For calculatiii;>;
86
87
88
£9
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
86
ICOO
989
977
989
966
• 956
945
935
925
9'5
90s
896
887
878
869
87
IOI2
ICOO
978
967
956
946
935
926
916
906
897
888
879
88
1023
lOI I
loco
989
978
967
957
946
936
926
917
907
898
S89
89
1035
1013
lOI I
1000
989
978
967
957
947
937
927
918
908
899
90
1047
1034
1023
101 1
ICOO
989
978
968
957
947
938
928
918
909
91
1058
1046
1034
1022
lOI I
1000
989
978
968
958
948
958
938
929
919
92
1070
1057
IC4S
1034
1022
101 1
ICOO
989
979
968
948
939
929
93
1081
1069
1057
IC4S
1033
1022
lOI I
loco
9S9
979
969
959
949
939
94
1093
ic8o
1068
1056
1044
1033
1022
101 1
1000
989
979
969
959
949
95
II05
1092
1080
1067
1056
1044
1033
1022
lOI I
1000
99°
979
969
960
96
II16
1 103
1091
1079
1067
loss
IC43
1032
1021
101 1
1000
990
980
970
97
1128
HIS
1102
1090
1078
1066
1054
10+3
1032
IC2I
1010
lOOO
990
980
98
II40
1 126
1114
I lOI
1089
1077
1065
1054
1043
1032
IC2I
loio
1000
990
99
I I SI
1138
1125
II 12
1 100
1088
1076
1065
1053
1042
103 I
IC2I
1010
ICOO
100
1.63
1149
1 136
1 1 24
IIII
1099
10S7
1075
1064
1053
1042
I03I
1020
lOlO
101
I '74
1 161
1148
1135
II22
1 1 10
1098
1086
1074
1063
1052
1041
1031
1020
102
1186
1 172
IIS9
1 146
H33
1 121
1 109
1097
1085
IC74
1062
1052
1041
1030
103
1198
1184
1 170
'157
1144
1132
1 120
I 108
1096
1084
1073
1062
1051
1040
104
1209
1195
1 182
1 169
1 156
1 143
1130
II18
1 106
1095
1083
1072
1 06 1
I05I
105
1221
1207
1193
1180
1167
1154
1141
II29
1117
1 105
1094
1082
1071
1061
106
1233
1218
120S
1191
1178
1 165
1152
I 140
1128
1 116
I 104
1093
1082
I07I
107
1244
1230
12 16
1202
II 89
1176
1 163
II5I
1 1 38
1126
III5
1103
1092
108 1
108
1256
12^1
1 227
1213
1200
1187
"74
I 16]
I '49
1137
I 125
III3
1 102
I09I
109
1267
1253
1239
1225
121 1
1198
..85
II72
II 60
1147
113s
1 124
1 112
I lOI
110
1279
1264
1250
1236
1222
1 209
1 1 96
1183
1 170
1158
I 146
II34
II22
IIII
111
1291
1276
1 26 1
1247
1233
1220
1207
1194
1181
1 168
II56
II44
"33
I 121
112
1302
1287
1273
1258
1244
1231
1217
1204
1 191
1179
I 167
>«55
"43
II3I
113
1314
1299
1284
1270
1256
1242
1228
121 5
1202
1189
II77
1 165
"53
I 141
114
1326
1 3 10
129s
1281
1267
1253
1239
1226
1213
12CO
1 188
"75
1163
I 1 52
115
'337
1 322
1307
1292
1278
1264
1250
1237
1223
121 I
1 198
1186
"73
I 162
86
_87
.88
. 89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
CALCULATING INDICES,
and Orbital Indices.
47
A Q
ou
01
KO
0<i
Oo
04
00
Ob
07
Oo
oy
DU
383
375
367
360
353
346
340
333
3^7
321
315
310
305
300
18
404
396
388
380
373
365
358
352
345
339
333
328
322
317
19
426
4'7
408
400
392
385
377
37°
364
357
351
345
339
333
20
447
438
429
420
412
404
39b
389
302
375
308
362
350
350
468
4.21
4.1
4-00
J V 3
386
^70
J ' J
111
367
22
489
479
469
460
451
44Z
434
426
418
411
404
397
390
383
23
511
500
490
480
471
462
453
444
436
429
421
414
407
4CO
24
532
521
510
450
481
472
463
455
446
439
431
424
417
25
553
542
531
520
510
500
491
4-0 I
473
464
4.56
448
441
433
574
CIO
482
A.1A.
466
4-^0
27
596
583
571
560
549
538
528
5'9
509
500
491
483
475
467
28
617
604
592
580
569
558
547
537
5^7
518
509
500
492
483
29
638
625
612
600
588
577
566
556
545
536
526
5'7
508
30
660
040
633
020
c 0
008
596
585
574
5&4
554
544
534
5^5
5'7
01
681
667
653
640
i>%i
615
604
593
582
571
561
552
542
533
32
702
688
673
660
647
635
623
611
600
589
579
569
559
550
33
723
708
694
680
667
654
642
618
586
C76
57"
/
745
729
714
700
686
673
660
648
636
625
614
603
593
583
35
766
75°
735
720
706
692
679
667
655
643
632
621
610
600
36
787
771
755
74°
725
712
698
685
673
661
649
638
627
617
37
809
792
776
760
745
731
717
704
691
679
667
655
644
633
38
830
813
796
780
765
750
736
722
709
696
684
672
661
650
39
851
833
816
800
784
769
755
741
727
714
702
690
678
667
40
47
43
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Alveolar Indices.
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
860
851
843
835
827
819
811
804
796
789
782
775
768
761
86
870
861
853
845
837
829
821
813
806
798
79'
784
777
770
87
880
871
863
854
846
838
830
822
815
807
800
793
786
779
88
890
881
873
864
856
848
840
832
824
817
809
802
795
788
89
900
891
882
874
865
857
849
841
833
826
818
8n
804
796
90
910
901
892
883
875
867
858
850
843
835
827
820
8.3
805
91
920
911
902
893
885
876
868
860
852
844
836
829
821
814
92
93°
921
912
903
894
886
877
869
861
853
845
838
830
823
93
940
931
922
913
904
895
887
879
870
862
855
847
839
832
94
95°
941
931
922
913
90s
896
888
880
872
864
856
848
841
95
960
95°
941
932
923
914
906
897
889
881
873
865
857
850
96
970
960
951
942
933
924
915
907
898
890
882
874
866
858
97
980
970
961
951
942
933
925
916
907
899
891
883
875
867
98
99°
980
971
961
952
943
934
925
917
908
900
892
884
893
876
99
1000
990
980
971
962
952
943
935
926
917
909
901
885
100
lOIO
1000
990
981
971
962
953
944
935
927
918
910
902
894
101
1020
lOIO
lOCO
990
981
971
962
953
944
936
927
919
911
903
102
1030
1020
lOIO
1000
99°
981
972
963
954
945
936
928
920
912
103
1040
1030
1020
lOIO
1000
99°
981
972
963
954
945
937
929
920
104
1050
1040
1029
IOI9
1010
1000
991
981
972
963
955
946
938
929
105
1060
1050
1039
1029
1019
1010
1000
991
981
972
964
955
946
938
106
1070
1059
1049
1039
1029
1019
icog
1000
991
982
973
964
955
947
107
1080
1069
1059
1049
1038
1029
1019
1009
1000
991
982
973
964
956
108
1090
1079
1069
1058
1048
1038
1028
1019
1009
1000
991
982
973
965
109
1 100
1089
1078
1068
1058
1048
1038
1028
1019
1009
1000
991
982
973
110
IIIO
1099
ic88
1078
1067
1057
1047
1037
1028
1018
1009
1000
991
982
111
1 120
1 109
1098
1087
1077
1067
1057
1047
1037
1028
1018
1009
1000
991
112
1 1 30
HI9
1 108
1097
1087
1076
1066
1056
1046
1037
1027
1018
1009
1000
113
1 140
1 1 29
1118
1 107
1096
1086
1075
1065
1056
1046
1036
1027
1018
1009
114
1 150
II39
1127
III7
1 106
1095
1085
1075
1065
1055
1045
1036
1027
1018
115
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
432
SPECIMENS SHOWING ABNORMALITIES.
LIST OF SPECIMENS (not contained in Series I.,
Section B) SHOWING ABNORMALITIES.
Metopic skulls.
290, 296, 301, 306, 318-, 359, 361, 362, 363, 364, 390,
415, 418, 420, 432, 441, 448, 488, 506, 511, 513, 518,
526, 534, 535, 544^ 516', 553, 560', 560", 560", 560'',
560'S 561, 565', 565-, 576, 580, 589, 600, 600', 612,
613', 613=^ 613"^", 616, 629', 630^ 631"* 631™*, 631"*,
631^2*, eSl'^**, 63F'*, 631"*, 63V**, 632='*, 633"'*, 655,
673«, 673^^ 694-, 696, 746=, 837, 861, 912, 922, 960,
991, 1097, 1132, 1158, 1216', 1257'*, 1277', 1278,
1292, 1299', 1301.
Squamosal meets tlie frontal
on hoth sides :
377, 635, 681, 703, 876, 922, 990, 1031, 1057, 1061,
1088, 1154, 1157, 1159, 1160, 1161, 1198, 1251, 1287.
on the right side :
381, 397, 437, 574, 691^ 712, 777, 946, 1033, 1083,
1114, 1118, 1158, 1184, 1249, 1281.
on the left side :
374', 394, 423, 413, 604, 682, 1028, 1032, 1066, 1071,
1115, 1129, 1146, 120V, V20V, 1250, 1283.
Osseous growths in the meatus.
567, 765"', 765'% 765•^ 765=', 838, 870, 875, 893, 895,
898, 911, 999, 1000, 1001, 1005, 1011=, 1084, 1119,
1139.
Articulation between the skull and the transverse process of
the atlas.
110, 141, 368, 557, 747, 865.
SPECIMENS SHOWING ABNORMALITIES. 4:3;)
Ankylosis between the skull and. the atlas.
631^°*, 633^'*, 633'^*, 633", 674'-', 083", 844, 933, 1257^
Abnormalities o£ the vertebral column.
346', 583", 834, 835, 836, 1025^ 1032, 1206, 1216'.
Abnormalities of the ribs.
800, 1045.
PRINTED Br TAYLOE, AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
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